Vadziviriri veMuviri: Ngatidzidzei nezveMaAntibodies nenzira iri nyore!

Wakambofunga nezvevarindi vadiki vari mukati memiviri yedu here? Zvakafanana neuto redu diki. Patinorwara kana chimwe chinhu chakaita sechepfu chikapinda mumiviri yedu, ava ndivo vanouya kuzorwa kuti vatiponese. Magamba madiki iwayo ndiwo atinodaidza kuti ma antibodies , kana kuti ``Antibodies'' muchiRungu. Rimwe zita reizvi ndi ``Immunoglobulin''.

Chii chinonzi maantigen nema antibodies? Anotanga sei kurwa?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, `Antigen` chinhu chipi zvacho chinokuvadza miviri yedu, chinobva kunze. Fungidzira mbavha ichipinda mumba mako. Mbavha iyoyo i`Antigen`. Mbavha idzi dzinogona kuuya muchimiro chakasiyana-siyana:

• Mabhakitiriya
• Mavhairasi
• Fungi
• Zvirwere zveAllergen
• Uturu hunobva kumhuka
• Zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chepfu

Zvino, kana muvengi uyu we `(Antigen)` apinda mumuviri, masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anozviziva pakarepo. Masoja edu anonzwisisa kuti, "Oh... heuno mumwe munhu watisingazive, uye munhu uyu haasi mumwe wedu." Ndipo apo uto redu, iro `` Antibody`` , rinosvika. Masoja ekudzivirira muviri mapuroteni akakosha akagadzirwa nemasoja edu ekudzivirira muviri. Aya anoenda kunotora `(Antigen)` iyoyo, kuiparadza, uye kuibatsira kubuda mumuviri. Zvakafanana nekubata mbavha iyoyo woiisa kumapurisa.

Masoja aya anogadzirwa kupi? Ari kupi mumuviri?

Ma antibodies anogadzirwa nerudzi rwakakosha rwemasero machena eropa mumuviri wedu. Anodaidzwa kuti masero eB . Kana "antigen" ikasvika yorova sero reB, sero reB iroro rinopatsanuka rogadzira mamwe masero akawanda. Zvakafanana ne "photocopying". Tinodana masero matsva aya kuti " plasma cells". Kubva kumasero iwayo eplasma ndipo panobva mamiriyoni emasoja ekudzivirira chirwere anogadzirwa uye anoburitswa muropa redu ne lymph system.

Ma antibodies anogadzirwa nenzira iyi haasi panzvimbo imwe chete mumuviri wedu.

• Muganda redu
• Mumapapu
• Mumisodzi
• Mumate
• Kana amai vachiyamwisa mwana wavo, kunyanya mumazuva ekutanga, mukaka wakakora, unonzi colostrum , une ma antibodies akawanda aya. Ndosaka kuyamwisa kuchiwedzera kugona kwemwana kurwisa zvirwere . Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana anowana dziviriro kubva kuna amai.

Ndezvipi izvi zvinonzi monoclonal antibodies zvatakanzwa nezvazvo?

Chimwe chezvinhu zviri kutaurwa navanachiremba mazuva ano imonoclonal antibodies . Aya haasi ma antibodies anongoitika ega mumuviri wedu. Imhando yeantibody inogadzirwa murabhoritari. Akagadzirwa kuti aite zvakafanana nemaitiro ema antibodies edu. Akagadzirwa kuti arwise antigen chaiyo chete. Nzira iyi yekurapaInonziwo 'Immunotherapy'.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinogona kurapwa ne monoclonal antibodies?

Rudzi urwu rwemaantibody anogadzirwa nemaoko anonzi ``Monoclonal Antibodies'' anoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekuti ``Monoclonal Antibody'' yega yega inogadzirwa kuti irwise ``Antigen'' chaiyo. Heano mimwe mienzaniso mishoma:

• Mhando dzeKenza
• Zvirwere zvemajoini zvakaita serheumatoid arthritis
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvemwoyo
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Maronda emudumbu ( ulcerative colitis )
• Lupus
• Chirwere cheCrohn
• Psoriasis, chirwere cheganda
• Rega kuramba kuisirwa nhengo

Kune marudzi emasoja ekudzivirira chirwere here? Chii ichocho?

Ehe, ma antibodies haasi ese akafanana. Akakamurwa kuita mhando huru shanu zvichienderana nenzvimbo yawo uye mashandiro awo. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwakatumidzwa zita kubva kune bhii reChirungu. Izwi rekuti `Immunoglobulin` rakapfupikiswa uye `Ig` inowedzerwa pamberi pebhii iri.

1. IgG: Iyi ndiyo mhando yemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere anowanikwa zvakanyanya muropa redu nedzimwe mvura dzemuviri. Ndiwo anonyanya kutidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakaita sebhakitiriya nemavhairasi. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti masoja ekudzivirira chirwere aya e'IgG' anogona kuyambuka placenta yaamai opa dziviriro kumwana ari mudumbu.

2. IgA: Izvi zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya muchikamu chemuviri wedu wekufema (mhino, pahuro, mapapu) uye mudumbu (mudumbu). Zvinowanikwawo mumate, misodzi, uye mukaka wezamu. Zvinobatsira kudzivirira utachiona kuti husapinde mumuviri.

3. IgM: Kana hutachiona hukapinda mumuviri, aya ma antibodies e `IgM` ndiwo anotanga kurwisa . Anowanikwa muropa nemumvura ye lymph.

4. IgE: Rudzi urwu rweantibody runonyanya kukonzera allergies . Mazinga eIgE anowedzera kana muviri ukapindura kune zvinhu zvakaita semupunga neguruva. ​​Anorwisawo tupukanana.

5. IgD: Zvizhinji zvichiri kudzidzwa nezvema antibodies aya, asi parizvino zvinotendwa kuti anobatsira kumutsa masero eB. Anowanikwa muhuwandu hushoma muropa.

Ma antibodies aya anogadzirwa nei chaizvo? Anotaridzika sei?

Ma antibodies rudzi rweprotein . Antibody yega yega inoumbwa nema polypeptide mana. Ma polypeptides macheni ane ma amino acid maviri kana anopfuura. Maviri emacheni aya anonzi "heavy chains" uye mamwe maviri anonzi "light chains".

Maketani mana aya anosangana pamwe chete kuti aumbe chimiro chebhii reChirungu 'Y'.Ndiwo magadzirirwo anoitwa antibody. Fungidzira kuti magumo maviri emapazi epamusoro ebhii 'Y' akasiyana, uye kurongeka kweamino acid panzvimbo idzodzo kwakasiyana kune rudzi rumwe nerumwe rweantibody. Musiyano iwoyo ndosaka antibody yega yega ichigona kuziva `(Antigen)` chaiyo chete uye kurwisa iyo chete. Sekunge kiyi yega yega inokodzera buri rega rega rekiyi.

Ngatitaurei zvishoma nezve maAntibodies eCOVID, handiti?

Ehe, ma antibodies eCOVID chinhu chiri kutaurwa nemunhu wese mazuva ano. Ma antibodies anodzivirira hutachiona hunokonzera COVID-19 anogona kuwanikwa muropa revanhu vakapora kubva muchirwere ichi, kana muropa revanhu vakambopihwa mushonga weCOVID-19. Kunyangwe kana wakambobatwa neCOVID kare, kuwana mushonga uyu kuchawedzera simba remuviri wako rekudzivirira hutachiona uye kuchawedzera kugona kwako kuzvidzivirira kubva kuhutachiona.

Ndingaziva sei kana ndine ma antibodies eCovid?

Unogona kuziva kana uine ma antibodies eCOVID nekutora bvunzo ye antibody . Miedzo iyi inowanikwa mumarabhoritari, mune mamwe ma pharmacy, uye chiremba wako anogonawo kukuudza nezvayo.

Ma antibodies eCovid anogara kwenguva yakareba sei mumuviri?

Tsvagiridzo ichiri kuenderera mberi, asi zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vakapora kubva kuCOVID-19 vane ma antibodies anogara kwemwedzi mishanu kusvika mitanhatu . Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti vanhu vakapora kubva kuCOVID vane "memory B cells" dzinogona kugara kwemakore, uye aya ma memory cells anogona kukurumidza kurwisa hutachiona kana rukadzoka.

Ndeapi marudzi ema antibodies e thyroglobulin aya?

Ma antibodies e thyroglobulin anowanzo kuwanikwa muvanhu vane matambudziko e thyroid, seavo vane hyperthyroidism (hormone ye thyroid yakawandisa) kana hypothyroidism (hormone ye thyroid yakawandisa). Ma antibodies aya anorwisa puroteni inonzi thyroglobulin (inova ndiyo inotangira kugadzirwa kwe thyroid hormone). Izvi zvinogona kukuvadza thyroid gland.

Chii chinonzi Antithyroglobulin Antibody Test?

Kana chiremba wako achifungidzira kuti pane dambudziko negland rako re thyroid, anogona kuraira bvunzo iyi ye anti-thyroglobulin antibody . Iyi bvunzo inoshandiswawo kutarisa kufambira mberi kwegomarara re thyroid mushure mekurapwa.

Chii chinoitika kana ndikaonekwa kuti ndine chirwere ichi?

Kana bvunzo iyi ikaona kuti une ma antibodies e thyroglobulin muropa rako, zvinoreva kuti ungangove uine chirwere che thyroid. Zvimwe zvezvirwere izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Chirwere chaHashimoto
• Chirwere cheMakuva
• Subacute thyroiditis
• Lupus
• Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga

Saka chii chinonzi autoantibodies idzi?

Izvi zvinonziwo maantinuclear antibodies (ANAs). MaAutoantibodies rudzi rwemaantibody anorwisa mapuroteni akajairwa mumasero ane hutano mumiviri yedu. Funga nezvazvo sekudzivirira kwedu kunorwisa kwedu. MaAutoantibodies aya anokanganisa mapuroteni ane hutano mumuviri seane njodzi uye asina basa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, miviri yedu inotanga kuzvirwisa. Vanhu vazhinji vane huwandu hushoma hwemaAutoantibodies aya. Zvisinei, kana aripo akawanda, zvinowanzo ratidza chirwere che autoimmune .

Ma antibodies e antinuclear (ANA) anoedzwa sei?

Kuongororwa kukuru kweropa kunoshandiswa kutarisa ma "ANA" aya i " fluorescent antinuclear antibody test" . Mukuedzwa uku, vanachiremba vanoongorora ma antibodies ane fluorescent labeled pasi pe microscope voona kusimba uye patani ye fluorescence. Kuongororwa uku kunowanzo shandiswa kusimbisa kuvapo kwezvirwere zvakaita se lupus.

Chii chinorehwa nekuongororwa kweANA kwakanaka?

Kuonekwa kwe "positive" kubva pakuongororwa kweANA hazvirevi kuti une chirwere che autoimmune, asi kuti chiremba wako angangoda kuferefeta zvakadzama. Kana ukawana "positive" chaiyo, chiremba wako angangokurudzira kuongororwazve.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti masoja ekudzivirira muviri ndiwo maitiro atinotidzivirira nawo kubva kuhutachiona, zvinhu zvinokonzera allergy, uye chepfu. Miviri yedu inogadzira mapuroteni aya zvakasikwa. Dzimwe nguva, masoja ekudzivirira muviri e monoclonal akagadzirwa mumarabhoritari anoshandiswa kurapa mamwe matambudziko ehutano, akadai sekenza, chirwere chemwoyo, uye rheumatoid arthritis.

Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvaunofanira kuyeuka (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Zvakanaka, ngatipfupisei zvimwe zvezvinhu zvatataura nezvazvo zvaunofanira kurangarira:

• Masoja ekudzivirira muviri ndiwo anodzivirira miviri yedu. Anotibatsira kudzivirira nekurwisa utachiona hwekunze uye chepfu (antigens).
• Izvi zvinogadzirwa nemasero machena eropa anonzi B cells .
• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzema antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), imwe neimwe ine basa rayo.
• Ma antibodies eMonoclonal imhando yakakosha yeantibody inogadzirwa murabhoritari. Anoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kenza.
• Tinowana ma antibodies eCOVID kubva mukurwara uye kubaiwa nhomba.
• Dzimwe nguva masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anogona kushanda pakurwisa miviri yedu. Aya anonzi maautoantibodies . Aya anogona kukonzera zvirwere zve autoimmune.

Saka, unogona kuona kukosha kwemagamba madiki aya anonzi ma antibodies kumiviri yedu. Ndiwo anotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakawanda. Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo nezveizvi, usazeza kubvunza chiremba wako.

` Masoja ekudzivirira muviri, Masoja ekudzivirira muviri, Immunoglobulin, Antigen, Sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri, Masero eB, Masoja ekudzivirira muviri eMonoclonal, Masoja ekudzivirira muviri eCOVID, Masoja ekudzivirira muviri eThyroglobulin, Masoja ekudzivirira muviri, bvunzo yeANA