Dzimwe nguva unombofunga here kuti, "Maiwe, panguva ino mushonga hauzobvisi chirwere?" Kana kuti wakambova nedambudziko rekuti wakaramba uchinwa mushonga wawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako, asi chirwere chako hachina kupera? Pamwe chikonzero cheizvi chakaoma kupfuura zvaunofunga. Nhasi tichataura nezvenyaya imwe chete yakakosha. Ndiyo chirwere chinozivikanwa seAntimicrobial Resistance .
Chii chinonzi Antimicrobial Resistance?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kusagona kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ndiko kusakwanisa kwemushonga kushanda pakurwisa utachiona . Utachiona uhu hudiki kwazvo, husingaonekwe. Tinowanzo hudaidza kuti "hutachiona." Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhakitiriya, fungi, mavhairasi, uye tupukanana . Utachiona uhu hunokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka, kana kusagona kwemishonga iyi kukatanga, zvinova zvakaoma kuti vanachiremba varape zvimwe zvirwere.
Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi. Kana utachiona hukaramba huchisangana nemushonga mumwe chete, hunova "husingapindi" nawo. Kufanana nesu, vanowana nzira dzekuzvidzivirira. Vanochinja miviri yavo, zvichiita kuti vakwanise kutiza mishonga yaimboshandiswa kuuraya kana kuimisa kuwanda. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti "kusapindirana." Kune utachiona husingapindi kwete mushonga mumwe chete, asi nemishonga yakawanda. Tinozvidaidza kuti "superbugs."
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti kusakwanisa kurwisa mishonga iyi kuitike muhutachiona, kwete mumuviri wako. Hausi muviri wako unoramba kurwara nemishonga, asi utachiona hunokonzera chirwere ndihwo hunoramba kurwara nemishonga.
Mishonga iyi inorwisa utachiona chii?
Mishonga inorwisa utachiona mishonga inorwisa zvirwere zvinokonzera hutachiona. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzayo:
- Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya: Iyi inopihwa kurapa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya.
- Mishonga inorwisa fungus: Mishonga inopihwa yehutachiona hwefungus.
- Mishonga inorwisa tupukanana: Mishonga inopihwa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa netupukanana (semuenzaniso, mushonga unopihwa wemarariya).
- Mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi: Mishonga inopiwa yehutachiona hwehutachiona (semuenzaniso, yezvirwere zvakaita sefuruwenza).
Mishonga iyi inorwisa utachiona inoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana kuuraya utachiona kana kuhumisa kupararira. Dzimwe nguva inopinda mumasero ehutachiona yorwisa zvikamu zvinobatsira utachiona kukukonzera kurwara, kana kuti inorwisa zvikamu zvinobatsira utachiona kuzvigadzira zvimwe zvakafanana.
Fungidzira muenzaniso uyu. Uri mukicheni uchibika. Ndinoda kukumisa. Ipapo ndinogona kupinda mukicheni yako ndoparadza chinhu chauri kushandisa kubika chikafu, kana kukumisa kushandisa chitofu.
Saka, kana vangove vasingakwanise kurwisa mabhakitiriya, vanogona kuita zvinhu zvakaita se:
- Ndinogona kudzivirira (ndiko kuti, mushonga) kuti usapinde mukicheni (ndiko kuti, sero remajini).
- Unogona kundidzinga mukicheni.
- Ndinogona kuparadza zvombo (zvinoumba mushonga) zvandinoshandisa kumisa bindu ravo.
- Ndinogona kuchinja zvinhu zvandiri kunanga (zvikamu zvehutachiona) kuitira kuti zvombo zvangu (mishonga) zvisashande. Semuenzaniso, vanochinja zvinhu zvavanoshandisa zvishoma, kana kuti vanochinja chitofu kuitira kuti ndisakwanise kuchivhara.
- Vanochinja nzira yavanogadzirira nayo chikafu, zvichida vachishandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kana kugadzira ndiro vasina kushandisa chitofu.
Kusakwanisa kushandisa mushonga uyu wekuuraya utachiona kunoshanda sei?
Pane zvikonzero zvikuru zvinoverengeka nei mushonga usingashande nekuda kwekusakwanisa kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya:
- Mushonga uyu unodzivisa utachiona kupinda musero, sekunge gonhi rinovharwa.
- Mushonga wapinda muhutachiona unosundirwa kunze zvakare.
- Mushonga unochinja kana kuti unoparadza.
- Vanochinja chikamu chehutachiona pachahwo, saka mushonga wacho haugone kuurwisa.
- Vanotsvaga nzira yekurarama kana kubereka nenzira itsva isina chekuita nemishonga.
Ndeapi marudzi ekusagona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya?
Kusagona kurwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru: kusagona kurwisa mabhakitiriya mukati memuviri uye kusagona kurwisa kunze/kuwanikwa . Patinowanzo taura nezve "kusagona kurwisa mabhakitiriya," tiri kureva kusagona kurwisa mabhakitiriya uku.
- Kusagona kudzivirira utachiona: Izvi zvinoreva kuti humwe utachiona hune simba rekuzvarwa naro rekudzivirira mishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Hunhu hwehutachiona ihwohwo hunowanikwa mumasero. Semuenzaniso, mamwe marudzi emabhakitiriya ane madziro emasero akasimba ayo mamwe maantibiotics asingakwanise kupinda.
- Kuramba kwakawanikwa (Kuramba kwekunze): Apa ndipo apo bhakitiriya rinozozvichinja roga uye rinova risingachadiwi nemushonga waimboshanda. Kana bhakitiriya rapinda, shanduko idzi dzinopfuudzwa kuvana varo. Zvakare, mamwe mabhakitiriya anogona kupfuudza shanduko idzi kune mamwe mabhakitiriya ari pedyo nawo. Izvi zvinonzi (horizontal gene transfer) .
Mimwe mienzaniso yekusagona kurwisa mabhakitiriya
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yekusagona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya:
- Mabhakitiriya asingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya: Mienzaniso inosanganisira mabhakitiriya akadai se (MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), (CREs - Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales), uye (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
- Mafungus anoramba mishonga inouraya fungus: Mienzaniso inosanganisira (Candida auris) uye (Aspergillus fumigatus).
- Mavhairasi asingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mavhairasi: Mienzaniso inosanganisira HIV, furuwenza, uye mamwe marudzi ehutachiona hweHepatitis C.
- Zvipembenene zvisingarapike nemishonga inorwisa tupukanana: Semuenzaniso, mamwe marudzi etupukanana tunokonzera malaria, leishmaniasis, uye trypanosomiasis.
Asi yeuka izvi. Kungoti une chirwere pane urongwa uhwu hazvirevi kuti chirwere chisingarapike nemishonga. Kune marudzi eutachiona uhwu asingarapike nemishonga, uye kune mamwe marudzi akajairwa asingarapike.
Chii chinonyanya kukonzera kusawirirana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya?
Utachiona hunokura husingadyi mishonga kwete nechikonzero chimwe chete, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Dzimwe nguva, hunoshanduka zvega, zvichivabvumira kugara pamwe chete nezvimwe zvipenyu. Dzimwe nguva, hunogadzira nzira dzekuzvidzivirira nadzo kubva kumishonga. Kana utachiona hukapararira, shanduko idzi dzinovabatsira kuramba mishonga dzinopfuudzwa kuchizvarwa chavo chinotevera.
Kazhinji, kusakwanisa kurwisa mishonga iyi kunonyanya kuitika muzvipatara nenzvimbo dzehutano. Nekuti kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo idzodzo, mabhakitiriya anonyanya kuramba kurwisa mishonga iyoyo. Ichi chinhu chakaoma kudzivirira.
Uyewo, kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukurima (semuenzaniso kupfapfaidza mishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya pazvirimwa, kupa mhuka mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya) ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekukura kwekusagona kurwisa mishonga iyi.
Tingadzivirira sei kusakwanisa kwemishonga iyi inorwisa mabhakitiriya?
Kune nhungamiro dzakananga dzinofanira kuteverwa nevanopa hutano, kusanganisira vanachiremba nevanamukoti, kudzivirira kusawirirana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Mimwe yacho inosanganisira:
- Gara uchigeza maoko ako zvakanaka.
- Kuuraya utachiona pamusoro.
- Kunyora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya chete pazvirwere zvemabhakitiriya ( mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haibatsiri pazvirwere zvemavhairasi, semuenzaniso, dzihwa).
- Kuchenesa michina yekurapa nemazvo.
- Kuongorora varwere nevashanyi kuchipatara kana paine fungidziro yekupararira kwehutachiona husingaurayiwi nemishonga.
- Kuisa vanhu vane hutachiona husingaurayike/kuvaisa kwavo vega kuitira kuti vasapararire kune vamwe.
Kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba nevashandi vemuzvipatara vachiita zvinhu izvi, pane zvakawanda zvaunogona kuita kuti ubatsirewo nazvo.
Zvinhu zvaunogona kuita:
- Inwa mishonga yese yawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako, sezvawakanyorerwa, uye nenguva.
- Kunyanya kana uchitora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya , iva nechokwadi chekuti wapedza kurapwa kwese kwawakarairwa nachiremba.Kunyangwe ukanzwa zviri nani mushure memazuva maviri kana matatu, usarega kutora mushonga. Kana ukadaro, utachiona husati hwafa zvachose hunogona kusimba zvakare uye hunogona kuramba mushonga wacho.
- Usatore mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunze kwekunge uchinyatsoida. Zvirwere zvizhinji zvekufema, zvakaita sedzihwa nefuruu, zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya hairapike. Saka usamanikidza chiremba wako kuti akupe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya .
- Usashandise mushonga wevamwe vanhu. Mushonga unopiwa shamwari yako ungasashanda kwauri.
- Geza maoko ako zvakanaka nesipo nemvura nguva dzose. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zviri nyore zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda.
Unoongorora sei kuti mushonga weantibiotic hausi kushanda zvakanaka here?
Kana uine hutachiona husingapindure nemishonga, chiremba wako anogona kufunga kuti une hutachiona husingarapiki. Vanogona kuyedza mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga vachirwisa utachiona huri kukonzera hutachiona. (Izvi zvinoitwa nekutora sampuli yeropa rako kana imwe mvura yemuviri.) Izvi zvinogona kuvabatsira kuwana mushonga unoshanda pahutachiona hwako. Asi bvunzo idzi dzimwe nguva dzinogona kutora nguva.
Unorapa sei chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona husingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya?
Mabhakitiriya asingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ane njodzi zvikuru nekuti akaoma kurapa. Vanachiremba vanoedza kutsvaga mushonga unoshanda kurwisa mabhakitiriya chaiwo akakonzera chirwere ichi. Dzimwe nguva ungangoda kunwa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, kutora mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inorwisa mabhakitiriya pamwe chete.
Ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere chisingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya?
Unogona kuva panjodzi huru yekuwana hutachiona husingaurayi kana:
- Kana uine catheter, kufema, kana feeding tube yakaiswa mumuviri wako, utachiona hunogona kupinda mumuviri wako zviri nyore kuburikidza neizvi.
- Kana wave uchitora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwenguva yakareba, kana kuti ukashandisa mishonga iyi kakawanda. Kugara uchishandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwenguva refu kunowedzera mukana wekuti mabhakitiriya arambe akasimba mumuviri. Izvi zvinogona kuuraya mabhakitiriya "akanaka" (asina kukuvadza) mumuviri wako, zvichibvumira mamwe majemusi kukura asingadzoreki uye kukonzera hutachiona.
- Kana muviri wako usina simba rekudzivirira zvirwere nekuda kwechimwe chirwere. Semuenzaniso, kana uine hutachiona hweHIV, kenza yeropa, kana chirwere cheshuga, kana kuti wakamboisirwa nhengo yemuviri kana kuisirwa stem cell. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, muviri wako unoomerwa nekurwisa hutachiona.
- Kana uri muchipatara kwenguva yakareba kana kuti uri munzvimbo inochengetwa varwere kwenguva refu.Utachiona hunogona kukura nyore nyore muzvipatara.
Pakupedzisira, ndinofanira kutaura kuti...
Vanachiremba nemasayendisiti vari kushanda nesimba kuti vawane mhinduro dzedambudziko rekusagona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Asi isu tese tinogona kuita basa redu. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekutora mishonga yako sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako, uye chete kana uchinyatsoida, kunyanya mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . Kana uri kutarisira munhu ane dziviriro yemuviri isina simba, kana mumwe munhu ari muchipatara kana munzvimbo inochengetwa kwenguva refu, chenjerera zvakanyanya. Yeuka, kunyangwe zvinhu zvidiki zvakaita sekugeza maoko ako zvinogona kuita mutsauko mukuru. Ngatishandei pamwe chete kurwisa dambudziko iri.
👩🏽⚕️ Mibvunzo yekuwedzera (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
💬 Kusashanda kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona (AMR) zvinoreva kuti 'muviri unojaira mushonga wobva wamira kushanda'?
Ndiyo ngano huru! Miviri yedu haijairi mushonga. Chinojaira/chinodzivisa mushonga i'mabhakitiriya/majemusi'. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, pachinzvimbo chekufa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yaunotora, mabhakitiriya anochinja majini awo kuti asarambe mushonga uye ave zvipembenene zvikuru.
💬 Ndezvipi zvikanganiso zvikuru zvinoita kuti mabhakitiriya asarambe mishonga iyi?
Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti vanhu vanotora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakaita seamoxicillin yedzihwa nefuruu (mavhairasi) vasina kubvunza chiremba! Imwe mhosva yenyika ndeyekuti kana chiremba akavapa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwemazuva mashanu, vanorasa mazuva matatu asara vasina kuatora, vachiti anorapwa mushure memazuva maviri. Ipapo mabhakitiriya akafa zvishoma anowedzera kusimba uye kuramba mushonga (Resistance).
💬 Ndeipi njodzi inouraya yatinosangana nayo nezvipembenene izvi zvikuru?
Izvi zvatova njodzi huru panyika! Kana utachiona uhwu hukanyanya kupararira mune ramangwana, hazvizokwanisike kurapa nepiritsi/jekiseni chero ripi zvaro panyika, kunyangwe kuchekwa kudiki kunouraya, makumbo nemakumbo zvinotofanira kuchekwa, uye mamiriyoni evanhu achasangana nenjodzi inotyisa.
Kusagona kurwisa mabhakitiriya, Kusagona kurwisa mabhakitiriya, utachiona, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi , fungi, mishonga, hutachiona, zvipembenene zvikuru
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