Mwana wako anonetseka here kushanda nevamwe kana kutaura? Anonetseka here kutarisa vamwe mumaziso nekutaura? Anononoka kudzidza mutauro kana kutaura here? Kana kuti dzimwe nguva anochema kwemaawa akawanda, kana kuti anoita zvinhu zvisingadzoreki? Kana uri mubereki wemwana ane autism, pamwe unoziva kuti rudzi urwu rwemaitiro runogona kukanganisa sei hupenyu hwemwana. Imwe nzira inoshanda yaunogona kufunga nezvayo kumwana wako panguva dzakadaro ndeyeApplied Behavior Analysis, kana kuti ABA therapy.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi ABA therapy?
Kurapa kweABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) inzira yakakosha yekurapa maitiro inoshandiswa kuvana nevanhu vane autism nezvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa. Pfungwa huru iri shure kwayo iri nyore kwazvo. Kureva kuti, kana mwana akaratidza maitiro akanaka, akakodzera, kana tikarumbidza maitiro iwayo uye tikapa mhinduro yakanaka (mubairo) nokuda kwawo, mwana achakurudzirwa kudzokorora maitiro iwayo.
Nemamwe mashoko, patinosimbisa maitiro emwana, maitiro iwayo anowanzo itika. Saizvozvowo, kana tikasapindura maitiro asina kukodzera emwana nenzira imwecheteyo, maitiro iwayo anodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye anogona kutopera zvachose.
Kurapa kweABA kunogona kubatsira mwana ane autism kuti:
- Kuvandudza hukama hwevanhu: Dzidza kutaura, kutamba, uye kushanda pamwe chete nevamwe.
- Dzidza hunyanzvi hutsva: zvinhu zvakaita semutauro, dzidzo, uye maitiro ekuita zvinhu wega.
- Wedzera maitiro akanaka uye akanaka: sekuteerera vamwe uye kuva nemoyo murefu paunenge uchikumbira.
- Deredza maitiro anonetsa: zvinhu zvakaita sekuzvikuvadza, kurova vamwe, uye kugara uchipopota.
Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kurapwa neABA kunovandudza zvikuru hunyanzvi hwevana hwekugarisana nevamwe, hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, uye mutauro unoratidza manzwiro avo. Dzimwe ongororo dzakaona kuti kurapwa neABA kwemaawa anopfuura makumi maviri pasvondo mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu hwemwana (kunyanya asati asvitsa makore mana) kunogona kuvandudza kukura kwemwana zvakanyanya. Zvakaonekwawo kuti kudiwa kwemabasa akakosha kunoderera gare gare muhupenyu.
Chii chinoitika panguva yekurapa kweABA?
Kana mwana wako atanga kurapwa neABA, achatanga asangana neBoard Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), uyo ane kudzidziswa kwakakosha munyaya iyi. Chinhu chekutanga chavachaita ndechekuziva mwana wako zvakanaka uye kuongorora zvaanoda uye kugona kwake pari zvino.
Mushure mekunyatsoziva mwana wenyu nenzira iyi, chiremba achagadzira hurongwa hwekurapa hwakanangana nemwana wenyu uye hwakagadzirirwa iye . Hurongwa uhwu hwakagadzirirwa zvakananga kutarisa maitiro api mwana wenyu anofanirwa kuchinja uye hunyanzvi hwaanofanira kukudziridza.
Chiremba wemwana wako achashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako uye maitiro aari kunanga.
Ndedzipi nzira huru dzinoshandiswa mukurapa kweABA?
Vanoongorora maitiro (BCBAs) vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana pavanenge vachishandisa ABA therapy. Heano mamwe ematanho makuru. Zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mutsauko uripo pakati pavo.
| Maitiro | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|
| Kudzidziswa Kwekuedza Kwakasiyana (DTT) | Izvi ndizvo zvinowanzofungwa nevanhu pavanonzwa ABA. Asi ichi chikamu chimwe chete cheABA. DTT inzira yakarongeka zvikuru apo murapi anodzidzisa mwana basa rimwe chete panguva, nhanho nenhanho. Inoitwa ari ega ega. Kune vamwe vana, nzira iyi inobudirira zvikuru. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti kunyangwe kare nzira iyi yaimbosanganisira kurangwa kwekusaita zvakanaka, ikozvino yarambidzwa zvachose. Haisisiri nzira inogamuchirwa. |
| Kurapa Kupindura Kwakakosha (PRT) | Nzira iyi yakasiyana zvikuru neDTT. Haina kurongeka zvakanyanya. Inonyanya kutarisisa kudzidzisa kuburikidza nekutamba nezvinhu zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwemwana hwezuva nezuva. MuPRT, murapi anoshandisa chido chemwana nezvido zvake kudzidzisa. Murapi anotevera mwana, asi haamanikidze mwana kuita zvaanoda. Semuenzaniso, kana mwana akaratidza kufarira kutamba nemabhuroko, murapi anoshandisa mabhuroko iwayo kumudzidzisa mavara, maumbirwo, kana mavara. |
| Kutanga Kwekutanga kweDenver Model (ESDM) | Uku kusanganiswa kwenzira mbiri dziri pamusoro apa. Kufanana nePRT, nzira yeESDM inewo mabasa anowanzoitwa pamitambo . Zvisinei, kana zvichidikanwa, nzira dzekudzidzisa dzakarongwa dzakadai seDTT dzinogonawo kushandiswa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvenzira iyi ndechekuti inoedza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakawanda mukati mechiito chimwe chete. Semuenzaniso, kudzidzisa mwana chimiro chetriangle kunogona kuva chinangwa chimwe chete. Panguva imwe chete, kuita kuti mwana aise chidimbu chakaita setriangle mupuzzle nemazvo kunogona kuva chimwe chinangwa, kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwemwana hwekufambisa muviri. |
Ndezvipi zvakanakira zvikuru zve ABA therapy?
Kune mabhenefiti akawanda anogona kuunzwa neABA therapy kwauri nemwana wako:
- Kugona kushandisa pazvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana: Nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa pazvirwere zvakawanda, kwete autism chete.
- Hurongwa hwemwana: Haasi mwana wese akafanana. Hurongwa hwekurapa hwakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nemwana wako.
- Zvakawanikwa nesainzi: Izvi hazvisi kungoitika chete. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kubudirira uye mhedzisiro yakanaka yekurapa uku.
- Nzira dzinogona kushandiswa kumba: ABA therapy inokudzidzisawo iwe, mubereki, nzira dzekudzidzisa mwana wako kumba uye kuyera kufambira mberi kwake. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakukura kwemwana wako.
Ndezvipi zvisizvo zviri kuitika munharaunda nezve ABA?
Kurapa kweABA kwave kuri nyaya yekutsoropodzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye mafungiro asiri iwo kubvira kare. Kunyanya, pakatanga kushandiswa nzira iyi, yaishandisa nzira yekuranga vana vasina kudzidza chimwe chinhu. Asi tinofanira kuyeuka kuti ikozvino nzira idzodzo dzasiyiwa zvachose . Asi vamwe vanhu vachiri kupikisa kurapwa uku nekuda kwemaonero akadaro asiri iwo.
| Pfungwa dzisiridzo | Nyaya Yechokwadi |
|---|---|
| "ABA ndeyekuedza kumanikidza vana kuti vave 'vanhuwo zvavo'." | Uku kufungidzira kusina kururama kukuru. Chinangwa chikuru cheABA hachisi chekuchinja mwana uye kumuita sevamwe vese. Chinangwa pano ndechekuchinja maitiro akakosha munharaunda anokanganisa zvakananga kuchengetedzeka kwemwana nekudzidza kwake . Semuenzaniso, kana mwana ari kuzvikuvadza, kurega maitiro iwayo kwakakosha kuti mwana achengetedzeke. |
| "Izvi zvakafanana nekudzidzisa mhuka." | Kusimbisa pfungwa dzakanaka ipfungwa huru mukudzidza nemaitiro. Izvi zvinowanikwawo kumhuka pamwe nevanhu. Ndiyo imwe cheteyo inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvakaita semudzidzisi anorumbidza mwana kuchikoro, kana bhonasi kune mumwe munhu anoita basa rakanaka kubasa. MuABA, iyi pfungwa inoshandiswa kudzidzisa mwana hunyanzvi hunokosha muhupenyu. |
| "ABA inotarisa chete pamatambudziko ehunhu." | Kuderedza maitiro akaoma ndeimwe yeABA. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti inodzidzisa vana maitiro akakodzera uye anobatsira kutsiva maitiro iwayo akaipa. Pane kungoti "usapopota," inovadzidzisa maitiro ekukumbira zvavanoda uye maitiro ekudzora hasha dzavo. |
| "Izvi ndezvekubhadhara vana kuti vashande." | 'Chiokomuhomwe' uye 'kusimbisa zvakanaka' zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose. Chiokomuhomwe ndechekuti mwana anenge achiita zvakaipa (semuenzaniso, kutenderera muchitoro achichema), tobva tamupa chimwe chinhu chekumisa izvozvo. Asi mukusimbisa zvakanaka , tinoudza mwana pachine nguva kuti, "Kana ukaita zvakanaka muchitoro, ndichakutengera chimwe chinhu chaunoda patinobuda." Pano, tinotaura nezvemaitiro akanaka anotarisirwa pachine nguva. |
Mwana wangu achada ABA therapy kwenguva yakareba sei?
Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevabereki vazhinji. Asi hapana mhinduro imwe chete. Nguva ichazotora mwana wenyu achizoda kurapwa kweABA inoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei. Mwana wese akasiyana.
Kana mwana wako atanga kushanda nemurapi, iye achakubatsira kusarudza kuti mwana wako achada nguva yakareba sei. Murapi achafunga nezverudzi rwekurapa rwunoshandiswa, huwandu hwerubatsiro rwaanoda mwana wako, uye kuti mwana wako ari kukurumidza sei kuvandudzika.
Kana mwana wako akaonekwa aine autism, iwe semubereki unogona kunzwa wakaremerwa uye wakaremerwa. Unoda kuitira mwana wako zvakanakisisa. Asi nekurapwa kwakawanda kuripo, zvinogona kuoma kuziva kuti ndeipi yaunosarudza. Munhu akanakisa wekutaura naye nezveizvi ndichiremba wako. Taura naye nezvesarudzo dzako. Imwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzaunogona kufunga nezvadzo ndeye ABA therapy. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira mwana wako kuchinja maitiro ake, kukudziridza hunyanzvi, uye kuderedza kuda kwake rubatsiro rwakakosha mune ramangwana.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kurapa kweABA inzira yesainzi inorumbidza maitiro akanaka emwana, inopindura zvakanaka kwaari, uye inovandudza maitiro iwayo.
- Hurongwa uhwu hwekurapa hahuna kufanana kumwana wese. Hwakagadzirirwa mwana wako nenyanzvi yakadzidziswa.
- Izvi zvinobatsira kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemwana hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe, kutaurirana, uye kudzidza, uye zvinoderedza maitiro anonetsa.
- Kurapa kwemazuva ano kweABA hakushandisi chero rudzi rwechirango. Usatya izvozvo.
- Kune mafungiro akawanda asiriwo nezve ABA munharaunda, saka gara uchitsvaga ruzivo kubva kune vanhu vakavimbika uye kubva kuna chiremba wako.
- Usati wasarudza nzira dzekurapa dzakakodzera mwana wako, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba wako.
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