Chii chinonzi kuongorora chitunha? Ngatikurukurei izvi zvakadzama.

Wakambonzwa nezvekuongorora chitunha here? Ungave wakambozviona mufirimu kana munhau. Kunyangwe iyi iri nyaya inonetsa, zvakakosha kuziva nezvayo. Nekuti, chinhu chakakosha mukurapa nemutemo. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezvekuti kuongorora chitunha chii, ndiani anozviita, sei, uye nei.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi kuongorora chitunha?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuongorora chitunha kuongororwa kwakakosha kwechiremba kunoitwa mushure mekunge munhu afa kuti paonekwe chikonzero uye dzimwe nguva rudzi rwerufu. Zvakafanana nebasa remupurisa. Chiremba akadzidziswa zvakanyanya, anonzi pathologist , anonyatsoongorora mukati nekunze kwemutumbi wemushakabvu.

Izwi rechirungu rekuti "autopsy" rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "autopsia." Rinoreva "kuzviona wega." Kureva kuti, nyanzvi yezvirwere inoongorora muviri nemaziso ayo uye inoedza kutsvaga chakakonzera rufu. Vamwe vanhu vanotiwo izvi "kuongororwa mushure mekufa," kunyanya munyika dzakadai seEngland. "Post" zvinoreva "mushure" uye "mortem" zvinoreva "rufu." Saka zvinoreva zvakafanana.

Kuongororwa kwechitunha kunoitwa riini?

Kune mhando mbiri huru dzekuongorora chitunha, zvichienderana nechikonzero chakaitwa. Ngationei kuti ndedzipi.

1. Kuongororwa kwechitunha cheForensic

Izvi ndizvo zvatinowanzofunga nezvazvo patinonzwa izwi rekuti "forensic" kana kuti "forensic " muchiRungu. Izvi zvinoitwa sechikamu chekuferefeta kwemutemo. Izwi rekuti "forensic" rinoreva "zvine chekuita nenzira dzesainzi dzekugadzirisa mhosva." Fungidzira, dai mapurisa aizoferefeta rufu rwunofungidzirwa, iyi ndiyo mhando yekuferefeta kwaizoitwa.

Kazhinji, muSri Lanka nedzimwe nyika pasi rose, mutemo unotsanangura nyaya dzakatarwa dzinodiwa kuti munhu aongorore chitunha. Kazhinji, mhando dzerufu dzinotevera dzinoda kuti munhu aongorore chitunha:

• Zvisiri zvechisikigo: Kureva kuti, kana rufu rwakaitika nekuda kwechimwe chinhu chakadai sekuponda, kuzviuraya, kana tsaona.
• Rufu rusingatarisirwi kana rusingatarisirwi: kunyanya rwemwana mucheche kana mwana mudiki.
• Kana paine fungidziro: Kana paine dambudziko nerufu.
• Kana chikonzero cherufu chisingazivikanwi.
• Kana kuri kufa kwechisimba.
• Kana rufu rwusina munhu akamboona .
• Kana rufu rwacho rwakaitika nekuda kwetsaona kubasa (Acute Workplace Injury).
• Rufu rwunokonzerwa nenjodzi yeindasitiri: Semuenzaniso, moto kana kudonha kwemakemikari ane chepfu.
• Kana paine rufu rwakaitika panguva kana mushure mekurapwa kwechiremba kana kwekuvhiyiwa, uye kana paine kupomerwa kwekushaya hanya kwechiremba.
• Rufu runokonzerwa neanesthesia nderwekuti:Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anofa mushure mekunge anesthesia yapihwa kuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kuvhiyiwa.

Vanhu vane simba rekuraira kuongororwa kwechitunha chakadaro vanogona kusiyana kubva munyika nenyika. Semuenzaniso:

• Muongorori wezvirwere zvepfungwa kana wezvekurapa
• Mutongi
• Mapurisa

2. Kuongororwa kwechitunha chemuchipatara (Clinical Autopsy)

Izvi zvinonziwo Pathological Autopsy . Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nenyanzvi yezvirwere muchipatara kuti vaone chikonzero chaicho cherufu kana rufu rwemunhu rwakaitika , kana kuti vanzwisise zviri nani.

Rufu rwechisikigo rufu runoitika kana muviri wamira kushanda nekuda kwechimwe chinhu chiri mukati mako, senge kenza, chirwere chemwoyo, kana chirwere chinotapukira. Kureva kuti, hapana chikonzero chekunze cherufu (semuenzaniso, kukuvara, kunyura mumvura).

Dzimwe nguva, hama yepedyo yemufi - kureva mhuri - inogona kukumbira kuongororwa kwechitunha chakadaro. Fungidzira, mhuri inoda kuziva, "Chii chaizvo chakaitika kumunhu wedu, chii chaizvo chaive chirwere?" Zvadaro vanogona kukumbira izvi. Neimwe nzira, chiremba akarapa munhu wacho anogonawo kuwana mvumo kubva kuhama dzake oita ongororo yakadaro.

Kuongororwa kwechitunha kunogona kuitwa kwenguva yakareba sei mushure mekufa?

Kuongororwa kwechitunha kunogona kuitwa chero nguva mushure mekufa. Zvisinei, zvakanaka kuzviita nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, mushure memaawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana, nhengo dzemuviri nedzimwe nyama dzinotanga kuora. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuita mimwe miedzo uye kuongorora kururama kwemhedzisiro.

Nyanzvi dzezvekufa dzinogona kuongorora zvitunha zvakaora kana mitumbi yakafukunurwa. Zvisinei, huwandu hweruzivo neuchapupu zvinogona kuwanikwa muzviitiko zvakadaro hunogona kunge hushoma.

Ndiani ari kuongorora chitunha ichi?

Sezvatakambotaura, izvi zvinoitwa nenyanzvi inonzi pathologist . Pathology ibazi remishonga rinosanganisira kuongorora sampuli dzenyama yemuviri murabhoritari kuti zviongororwe kana kuti zviongororwe nedare redzimhosva.

Vanachiremba vezvirwere vanoongorora zvitunha ndivo vanachiremba. Vane ruzivo rwakakura uye kudzidziswa kwakakosha nezvemuviri wemunhu. Kazhinji, kuva nyanzvi yezvirwere kunoda makore ari pakati pe11 ne13 ekudzidza.

Ungave wakambonzwa nezvemunhu anonzi "Medical Examiner" achiita maopsies. "Medical Examiner" inowanzo shandiswa sezita rebasa renyanzvi yezvekurapa, kazhinji mushandi wehurumende anoita maopsies ezvekufa.

Chii chinoitwa panguva yekuongorora chitunha?

Maitiro ekuongorora chitunha anogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nechikonzero chekuongorora chitunha. Kuongororwa kwechitunha cheForensic kunowanzo tsanangurwa zvakadzama. Chinenge chikamu chega chega chemuviri chinoongororwa. Kazhinji zvinosanganisirawo kuferefeta kwenzvimbo dzemhosva uye chepfu - kudzidza chepfu, mhedzisiro yadzo, uye kuzivikanwa kwadzo.

Zvisinei, panguva yekuongororwa kwezvitunha, nhengo dzemuviri chete ndidzo dzinogona kuongororwa. Uyewo, bvunzo dzezvekuchetura hazviwanzoitwa panguva yekuongororwa uku.

Kazhinji, matanho ekuongorora chitunha anogona kutaridzika seizvi:

1. Chiremba wezvirwere anoisa mutumbi wemushakabvu patafura yekuongororwa.

2. Zvadaro, kunze kwemuviri kunocherechedzwa nokungwarira. Vanotsvaga chero chinhu chisina kujairika, chero chinhu chingave chine chekuita nerufu. Vanonyora zvese izvi. Vanogonawo kutora mifananidzo uye X-ray yemuviri.

3. Tevere, chiremba wezvirwere anoshandisa ganda rakapinza kucheka ganda kubva pabhonzo kusvika pasi pedumbu uye oongorora mukati memuviri. Ipapo, nyama dzese nenhengo dziri mukati memuviri zvinobviswa zvoongororwa, pamwe chete nedzimwe dzakananga.

4. Zvidimbu zvidiki zvinotorwa kubva munhengo dzomuviri zvoongororwa nemaikorosikopu.

5. Dzimwe nguva, chiremba wezvirwere anocheka dehenya neganda remusoro oongorora uropi.

6. Mvura yemuviri, nyama, uye nhengo dzinotorwa uye bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana (semuenzaniso, ongororo yemakemikari, ongororo yechepfu) dzinoitwa mumarabhoritari.

7. Mukuongorora zvitunha zvemutumbi, zvinhu "zvisiri zvechisikigo" (semuenzaniso, marara, mabara) zvinowanikwa mukati kana kunze kwemutumbi zvinounganidzwa uye zvinoongororwa.

8. Mushure mekuongororwa kwechitunha chemunhu, nyanzvi yezvirwere inowanzo dzorera nhengo mumuviri, kunze kweuropi, uye inosona ganda zvakasimba. Kureva kuti, vanoedza kuriita kuti rive pedyo neganda rekutanga sezvinobvira. Zvisinei, mukuongororwa kwechitunha chekiriniki, nhengo hadziwanzodzoserwa mumuviri. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nhengo dzinogona kushandiswa kuongororwazve, uye pamwe kunyange kuzvidzidzo zvevadzidzi vekurapa.

9. Zvisinei, vanachiremba vezvirwere vanogara vachiedza kubata mutumbi wemufi neruremekedzo uye kuuisa pachimiro chakanaka kwazvo.

Dzimwe nguva, nyanzvi yezvirwere ingangoda kuchengetedza mimwe mitezo kuti iongororwe zvakare, kana kuti inogona kuchengetedza mitezo sezvakatsanangurwa muFomu reMvumo. Mushure mekunge bvunzo idzi dzese dzapera, nyanzvi yezvirwere inogadzira Ripoti Yakadzama.

Zvimwe Zvinangwa zveForensic Autopsy

Sezvatakambotaura, chinangwa chikuru chekuongorora chitunha chega chega ndechekuona chikonzero cherufu. Zvisinei, kuongorora zvitunha zvemutumbi wemunhu ane kenza kune zvimwe zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana:

• Kuziva Zita reMufi: Dzimwe nguva hazvizivikanwe kuti ndiani . Zvinhu zvakaita seminwe uye kuongororwa kweDNA zvinogona kubatsira pane izvi.
• Kubatsira kusimbisa kana kuramba zvirevo pamusoro penzira yerufu: Kureva, kubatsira kuona kana rufu rwaive kuponda kana tsaona zvichibva pauchapupu hwechiremba.
• Kufungidzira Nguva Kubva Parufu.

Kuongororwa kwechitunha kunotora nguva yakareba sei?

Zvinowanzotora maawa maviri kusvika mana kubva kuna chiremba wezvirwere kuti aongorore mutumbi. Kuongororwa kwechitunha kuchaitwa uye mhinduro dzekutanga dzichawanikwa mukati memazuva maviri kusvika matatu.

Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora mavhiki matanhatu kana kupfuura kugadzira mushumo wakazara wekuongorora chitunha. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka uku:

• Ingava kuongorora kwemuviri wemunhu kana kuti kuongorora muviri wake.
• Kuomarara kwerufu uye/kana kuomarara kweuchapupu.
• Kana chiremba wezvirwere achifanira kumirira mhedzisiro yemimwe miedzo (semuenzaniso kuongororwa kweropa, kuongororwa kweDNA ).
• Huwandu hwezvitunha zvinofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi yezvirwere panguva yakatarwa uye huwandu hwenyanzvi dzezvirwere munzvimbo iyoyo.

Chii chiri muMushumo weKuongororwa Kwemuviri?

Mushumo wekuongorora chitunha gwaro rine ruzivo rwakadzama nezvekutarisa kwese, kuongororwa, uye bvunzo dzakaitwa pamuviri.

Izvi zvinowanzo tsanangura zvakajeka Chikonzero Cherufu uye Maitiro Akajairika Erufu . Nyanzvi yezvirwere, zvichibva pauchapupu hwesainzi uye hwekurapa, inoronga maitiro erufu muzvikamu zvishanu:

1. Tsaona

2. Zvikonzero zvechisikigo

3. Kuponda

4. Kuzviuraya

5. Hazvina kutsanangurwa

Dzimwe nguva, zvisinei nekuti nyanzvi yezvirwere inoita sei ongororo yechitunha, chikonzero cherufu hachigone kuzivikanwa. Izvi zvinonzi "negative" kana "obscure" autopsy . Mune ramangwana, nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwerabhoritari, zvinogona kuitika kuti pave neruzivo rwekuti chii chinokonzera rufu rwakadaro pane imwe nguva.

Mushumo wekuongorora chitunha unoti chii chaizvo?

Mushumo wekuongorora chitunha une mhedzisiro yeongororo yesainzi uye bvunzo dzakaitwa pamutumbi nezviri mukati memutumbi. Zvisinei, kuongorora chitunha chemunhu chete hakugone kutsanangura zviri pamutemo kuti munhu akafa sei. Munyika zhinji, sarudzo yekupedzisira inotorwa neDare reMutemo. Mapurisa nevamwe vamiriri vemutemo vanosanganisa ruzivo rwuri mumushumo wekuongorora chitunha nehumwe humbowo hwavakaunganidza kuti vasvike pamhedziso pamusoro penzira yerufu.

Zvakakosha kurangarira kuti zvisinei nekuti vanachiremba vezvirwere vane ruzivo rwakakura sei uye kudzidziswa kwakadini, ivo vanhuwo zvavo sesu. Kufanana nevamwe vese, vanogona kukanganisa. Kana, dzimwe nguva, vangasakwanisa kuziva chikonzero chaicho cherufu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mhuri kana vepamutemo vanogona kukumbira kuti mutumbi wemufi uongororwe kechipiri nemumwe chiremba wezvirwere.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira kuongororwa kwechitunha?

Pane mabhenefiti akawanda anogona kuwanikwa kubva mukuongororwa kwechitunha. Ngatitarisei kuti ndeapi:

• Kuwedzera ruzivo rwezvekurapa: Kuongororwa kwezvitunha zvemutumbi, kunyanya, kunobvumira vanachiremba kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwavo zvirwere uye kuti zvinokanganisa sei miviri yedu. Ruzivo rwezvekurapa rwunowanikwa kubva pane izvi ruchave rwakakosha zvikuru pakuvandudza kurapwa mune ramangwana.
• Kudzivirira kufa kwakawanda: Kare, vanachiremba vezvirwere vaiongorora zvitunha vakaona njodzi dzehutano hwevanhu, dzakadai sekurwiswa kwemagandanga echigwadara. Saizvozvowo, njodzi dzehutano hwevanhu, dzakadai semibhedha yevana isina kunaka kana zvigaro zvemotokari, zvakakonzera kufa kwevacheche, zvakaonekwawo kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwakadaro.
• Kuziva Matambudziko Emajini: Dzimwe nguva, kuongororwa kwechitunha kunoratidza kuti mushakabvu akafa nekuda kwechirwere chenhaka chaakanga asina kuongororwa kana kuti chakanga chisina kuongororwa zvakanaka. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira hama dzeropa dzemushakabvu kuziva nezvenjodzi yavo yekubata chirwere ichi.
• Kupa Uchapupu Hwepamutemo: Kuongororwa kwezvitunha kunobatsira zvikuru mukugadzirisa nyaya dzemhosva dzakadai sekuponda. Zvisinei, zvinogonawo kupa humbowo hwepamutemo munyaya dzakadai sekufa kwevanhu kubasa, njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, kana kusashanda zvakanaka kwechiremba. Rufu urwu runogona kutokonzera kumatare edzimhosva.
• Kubvisa kusava nechokwadi:Kana kuongororwa kwechitunha chemufi kuchipa mhinduro pamusoro pechakakonzera rufu, kuchisimbisa kuti kuongororwa kwakaitwa uye kurapwa kwakaitwa mufi kwakarurama, kazhinji kunoita kuti mhuri nevadikanwi vanzwe vakasununguka kana kuti vanyaradzwe. Pane kuramba uchingofunga nezvekusava nechokwadi, kuva nemhinduro kunogona kukubatsira kuchema uye kutsungirira rufu rwemudiwa wako.

Kuongororwa kwechitunha kunodhura marii?

Zvipatara zvakawanda hazvibhadharisi mari yekuongororwa kwezvitunha kwakaitwa nachiremba wezvirwere, uye kuongororwa kwezvitunha kwakaitwa pasi pesimba remuongorori wezvirwere kana wezvekurapa kunopihwawo mahara.

Zvisinei, panogona kunge paine muripo wekutakura mutumbi kuenda nekudzoka kuchipatara. Pamusoro pezvo, ungafanira kubhadhara kuongororwa kwemajini kuti uone zvirwere zvakagarwa nhaka.

Pakupedzisira, zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Kuongororwa kwezvitunha kwakakosha zvikuru mubazi rezvehutano pamwe nekururamisira. Kunobatsira zvikuru mukuwedzera ruzivo rwezvekurapa uye kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo isingazivikanwe.

Kana uchifanira kuongororwa chitunha chemudiwa wako, ziva kuti chiremba wezvirwere achabata muviri wacho nokungwarira kukuru uye neruremekedzo. Vachashandisa hunyanzvi hwavo kukupa mhinduro dzese dzekurapa.

Zvakaoma kutaura nezvenyaya yakadai, asi ndinovimba ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira.

'Kuongororwa kwechitunha, Kuongororwa kwePostmortem, Chikonzero cherufu, Pathologist, Forensic Autopsy, Clinical Autopsy