Dzimwe nguva muhupenyu tinofanira kusangana nemibvunzo yakaoma zvikuru. Kunyanya kana zvasvika kune mumwe munhu mutsva mumhuri. Mubvunzo wekuti "Ndiani baba chaivo vemwana uyu?" unogona kumuka nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zvepamutemo, zvemagariro evanhu, uye zvemunhu. Saka panguva yakaita seiyi, nzira chaiyo yekuwana mhinduro yakajeka pasina mubvunzo, yesainzi, ndeyekuyedzwa kweDNA paternity. Nhasi tichataura nezvezvinhu zvese zviri nyore.
Chii chinonzi DNA test kana tichitarisa zviri nyore?
Kuti tinzwisise izvi, tinofanira kutanga taziva kuti chii chinonzi DNA. Zita rakazara reDNA ndi `(Deoxyribonucleic acid)`. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, DNA yakafanana nebhuku remirayiridzo rine ruzivo rwemajini mukati memasero emuviri wedu. Zvese kubva paruvara rwebvudzi rako, ruvara rwemaziso, kureba, uye ruvara rweganda zvinotsanangurwa neruzivo rwuri muDNA iyi.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti tigare nhaka iyi DNA kubva kuvabereki vedu chaivo. Kutaura chokwadi, hafu yeDNA yedu inobva kuna amai vedu uye imwe hafu inobva kuna baba vedu .
Heino zvinoitwa neDNA paternity test:
Patani yeDNA yemwana inotorwa yoenzaniswa nepatani yeDNA yaamai uye patani yeDNA yemunhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba. Kana chikamu cheDNA yemwana chisina kugarwa nhaka kubva kuna amai chikafanana neDNA yemunhu iyeye, saka angangove baba vemwana chaiye.
Sei uchifanira kuita rudzi urwu rwebvunzo?
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuongororwa DNA. Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvikuru ndeizvi:
- Pamutemo: Humbowo hwekuti baba ndevaani hunokosha panyaya dzemutemo dzakadai sekuisa zita rababa pachitupa chekuzvarwa kwemwana, kuwana mari yekuchengeta mwana, kuwana kodzero dzekuchengeta mwana, kugara nhaka, uye kuwana mamwe mabhenefiti ekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.
- Nezvikonzero zvehutano: Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini zvinogona kupfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe. Semuenzaniso, zvirwere zvakaita seCystic fibrosis neDown syndrome. Kuziva kuti baba vemwana ndiani kunogona kubatsira kuona chero zvirwere zvemajini zvinogona kupfuudzwa kubva kuna baba. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pahutano hwemwana mune ramangwana.
- Kuziva nhoroondo yemhuri: Mwana ane kodzero yekuziva nhoroondo yemhuri yake uye kuti hama dzake ndivanaani. Zvakakosha zvikuru pakukura kwepfungwa dzemwana uye kuzivikanwa kwake.
Ndedzipi mhando dzekuongorora DNA dziripo?
Kuongororwa kweDNA kunogona kuitwa mwana asati aberekwa (panguva yekuzvitakura) uye mushure mekunge mwana aberekwa. Heano mamwe enzira huru dzinoshandiswa.
| Zita rebvunzo | Nguva yekuzviita | Maitiro ekuzviita uye tsananguro |
|---|---|---|
| Chidzikiso chedama | Nguva dzese mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa | Iyi ndiyo nzira iri nyore uye inonyanya kushandiswa. Chirauro chinoshandiswa kutora masero kubva mukati mematama emwana uye baba vanofungidzirwa kuti ndivo vakazvarwa. Izvi hazvirwadzi. |
| Kuongororwa kweNIPP (Kuongororwa kweUbereki hwePaternity Pasina Kupinda Mumuviri) | Mushure memavhiki masere ekuzvitakura | Iyi inzira yakachengeteka zvikuru. Huwandu hushoma hweDNA kubva kumwana ari mudumbu hunenge hwakayangarara muropa raamai vane pamuviri. Muongororo iyi, ropa rinotorwa kubva kuna amai uye DNA yemwana iri mairi inoenzaniswa neDNA yemunhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba. Izvi ndezvechokwadi ne99.9% . |
| Amniocentesis | Pakati pemavhiki gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri epamuviri | Iyi bvunzo inopindirana nemuviri. Mubvunzo uyu, chiremba anoisa tsono yakatetepa zvikuru nepadumbu raamai muchibereko otora sampuli diki yemvura yeamniotic yakakomberedza mwana. Mvura iyi ine masero emwana. Pane mukana mudiki wekubvisa pamuviri unoenderana nebvunzo iyi. |
| Kuongororwa kweChorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) | Pakati pemavhiki gumi kusvika gumi nematatu epamuviri | Iyi bvunzo yemukati mechibereko, seamniocentesis. Muongororo iyi, sampuli diki yemasero inotorwa kubva muchikamu cheplacenta. Izvi zvinewo mukana mudiki wekubuda pamuviri kana kutapukirwa . |
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti bvunzo dzakadai se'Amniocentesis' ne'CVS' dzinongoitwa chete kana zvichidikanwa, pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba. Nekuti pane njodzi diki dzine chekuita neizvi. Kuongororwa kweNIPP ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka inogona kuitwa panguva yekuzvitakura.
Chii chaunofanira kuita usati waenda kunoongororwa?
Kazhinji, kana uchitorwa mushonga wekubvisa ganda padama, zvinokurudzirwa kuti usaite zvinotevera kweinenge awa imwe usati watora:
- Kukwesha mazino
- Kushandisa mushonga wekushambidza muromo
- Kusvuta kana kutsenga fodya
- Kana wakapfeka mazino ekugadzira, abvise.
Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemuenzaniso waunotora. Kana uchitorwa ropa, chiremba wako achakukurudzira kuti unwe mvura yakawanda uye udye chikafu chine hutano.
Chokwadi kana nhema pamusoro pekuongororwa kweDNA yekubereka kumba
Iye zvino kune makit ekuongorora DNA online aunogona kuenda nawo kumba. Aya anowanzo kudhura zvishoma pane bvunzo inoitirwa kuchipatara. Zvakare, zviri nyore nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuzviita ivo pachavo.
Asi pane zvinhu zvishoma zvaunofanira kuziva nezveizvi:
- Hapana kugamuchirwa kwepamutemo: Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kumba haigamuchirwi sehumbowo mudare kana mune dzimwe nyaya dzepamutemo. Panyaya dzemutemo, bvunzo (`(Legal DNA Paternity Test)`) inodiwa, iyo inoda kuti sampuro dzitorwe kuburikidza nenzvimbo yekurapa inozivikanwa, zvichienderana nemaitiro akakodzera (`(cheni yekuchengeta)`), uye pamberi pezvapupu.
- Kururama: Zvakakosha kutarisa kana kambani inotumira makit ekuyedza kumba iri kambani ine mvumo. Dzimwe nguva, zvikanganiso pakuunganidzwa kwesampuro zvinogona kukanganisa kururama kwemhedzisiro. Bvunzo dzakavimbika kana dzikaitirwa mumarabhoritari ane mvumo nemasangano akadai seAmerican Association of Blood Banks (AABB).
Unonzwisisa sei mhedzisiro yacho?
Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweDNA inowanzo kupihwa se "mukana wekuti baba".
- Kana mhedzisiro yacho iri 0%: Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana kufanana kwemajini pakati peanonzi baba nemwana. Haasi iye baba vemwana chaiye.
- Kana mhedzisiro yacho iri 99.9% kana kupfuura: Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane mukana mukuru wekuti munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba ndiye baba vemwana chaiye.
Mhedzisiro inowanzo tora mazuva mashoma kusvika mavhiki maviri kuti idzoke. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kwakadai se `Amniocentesis` kana `CVS` inogona kutora mavhiki akati wandei kuti idzoke.
Haugone here kuita bvunzo iyi usina Baba?
Nzira yakanakisisa uye yakarurama ndeyekuwana sampuro yeDNA kubva kuna baba vanonzi ndivo baba. Zvisinei, kana vasiri vapenyu kana kuti vasingawanikwe, bvunzo inogona kuitwa uchishandisa DNA yehama dzavo dzepedyo. Semuenzaniso, sampuro dzeDNA kubva kuvabereki vababa (vanasekuru nasekuru vemwana) nevanun'una vanogona kutorwa voenzaniswa neDNA yemwana kuti vasvike pamhedziso.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kuongororwa kweDNA kuna baba kunogona kusimbisa baba vemwana nekururamisa kunopfuura 99.9%.
- Bvunzo idzi dzinogona kuitwa mwana asati aberekwa (panguva yekuzvitakura) kana mushure mekunge mwana aberekwa. Bvunzo yeNIPP yakachengeteka zvikuru kana ikaitwa panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Panyaya dzemutemo (dare, kuchengetedza, nhaka), bvunzo inoitwa nechipatara chinozivikanwa inonyanya kukosha. Kuongororwa kumba (`(At-home kits)`) hakugamuchirwi mudare.
- Sezvo paine njodzi diki dziripo pakuongororwa kwakadai se 'amniocentesis' ne 'CVS', gara uchitaura nachiremba wako, nzwisisa zvakanakira nezvakaipira, uye sarudza nzira yakakunakira.
- Kana muine mibvunzo, kusava nechokwadi, kana chimwe chinhu chekutsanangura nezvenyaya iyi, munhu akanakisa uye akavimbika wekutaura naye ndichiremba wenyu.
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