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Majoini ako anogara achitsemuka here? Ganda rako rinotambanuka serabha here? Ngatidzidzei nezve Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Majoini ako anogara achitsemuka here? Ganda rako rinotambanuka serabha here? Ngatidzidzei nezve Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Wakamboona here kuti majoini ako anokotama uye anofamba zvishoma kupfuura shamwari dzako? Kana kuti unokuvara kana kukuvadzwa kunyangwe paunosvika panzvimbo diki? Ungafunga kuti, "Ah... ndizvo zvakaita muviri wangu, ndagara ndiri seizvi kubvira ndichiri mudiki." Asi izvi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvechirwere chatisingataure zvakawanda nezvacho, asi chatinofanira kuziva nezvacho. Nhasi tichataura nezvechimwe chirwere chakadai, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, kana kuti EDS muchidimbu.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)?

Funga nezvemuviri wedu sechivako chakavakwa zvakanaka. Zvese zviri muchivako ichi, kusanganisira zvidhinha, madziro, nedenga, zvinobatanidzwa pamwe chete uye zvinosimbiswa nesimende. Saizvozvowo, nhengo dzemuviri wedu, mapfupa, tsandanyama, neganda zvakabatana, zvinotsigirwa, uye zvinotsigirwa netiweki yematishu. Tinodaidza kuti matishu anobatanidza .

Gamba guru renyama iyi ipuroteni inonzi collagen . Yakafanana nesimende. Iyi collagen ndiyo inopa simba nekugadzikana kweganda redu, majoini, netsinga dzeropa.

Zvino, hezvino zvinoitika mumuviri wemunhu ane Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS): Pane shanduko yemajini munzira iyo muviri wavo unogadzira puroteni iyi inonzi collagen. Saka collagen inogadzirwa haina kusimba zvakakwana, sezvakaita simende yekare. Saka chii chinoitika? Zvakaita sekuti chivako chiri kupera simba, nhengo dzemuviri dziri kupera simba. Saka zvinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemuviri.

  • Ropa netsinga dzeropa
  • Mapfupa (mapfupa)
  • Cartilage (nyama yakatsetseka iri pakati pemapfupa)
  • Mafuta
  • Misungo (majoini)
  • Tsandanyama
  • Ganda

Kune mhando huru dzeEDS here?

Ehe, EDS haina kufanana kune wese munhu. Chirwere ichi chakakamurwa kuita mhando gumi nenhatu huru zvichienderana nekuti chinokanganisa sei muviri uye zviratidzo zvachinokonzera. Asi nhasi tichataura nezvedzimwe dzemhando dzakajairika dzaunofanira kuziva zvakanyanya.

Zita rerudzi rweEDS Sumo pfupi
Hypermobile EDSIyi ndiyo mhando inonyanya kushandiswa. Majoini avo anochinjika zvikuru uye akasununguka. Anonzwa sekunge 'akavharirwa'. Majoini acho anowanzoita ruzha rwekuti 'click' uye anogona kutsemuka zviri nyore.
EDS yekare Izvi zvakafanana nerudzi rwataurwa pamusoro apa, asi zvinokanganisa ganda kupfuura majoini. Ganda racho rakatetepa, rakaita serabha, uye rinogona kubvaruka nekukuvadzwa zviri nyore.
EDS yakafanana neyekare Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, yakafanana zvikuru neClassical EDS, asi pane musiyano mudiki muzviratidzo. Chiremba chete ndiye anogona kuona izvi.
EDS yemwoyo-vharuvhu Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwemwoyo nemidziyo yeropa, pamwe nekuita kuti pave nezviratidzo paganda nemapfundo.
EDS yetsinga Rudzi urwu rusingawanzoitiki uye rune njodzi. Runokanganisa mitsipa yeropa nenhengo dzemukati kupfuura majoini. Madziro adzo haana kusimba uye anogona kuputika kana kuputika zviri nyore. Ichi chirwere chinoda kutarisirwa nekukurumidza.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zveEDS?

Zvino ungave uchifunga kuti, "Handizivi kana ndine izvi futi." Ngatitarisei zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvechirwere ichi. Asi yeuka chinhu chimwe chete, kungoti une chimwe kana zviviri zvezviratidzo izvi hazvirevi kuti une EDS . Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuonekwawo mune zvimwe zvirwere. Saka, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekuona chiremba kana usina chokwadi uye wobva waongorora chirwere chacho.

Chiratidzo Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...
Majoini eHypermobile Majoini anokotama kupfuura zvakajairika. Vamwe vanoti 'majoini maviri'. Majoini akaita sefudzi, ibvi, neminwe anogara achifamba-famba.
Ganda rakatetepa uye rakatsetseka Ganda racho rakatsetseka, rakaita sevelvet. Uye sebhora remukanyi wepizza, unogona kuritambanudza sezvaunoda, uye rinodzokera kwaraive pawairegedza.
Ganda risina kusimba uye mavanga Kunyangwe ronda diki rinotora nguva yakareba kuti ripore. Rinokanda mavanga zviri nyore, uye dzimwe nguva mavanga acho anotetepa uye anochinja ruvara.
Kukuvara zviri nyore Dzimwe nguva mavanga ebhuruu anoonekwa pamuviri kunyangwe pasina kurohwa chero kupi. Kunyangwe ukangorova pane imwe nzvimbo zvishoma, anoshanduka kuita bhuruu.
Kurwadziwa kwemajoini netsandanyama Kune marwadzo anogara achiitika, sekurwadziwa, mumajoini netsandanyama. Marwadzo aya anouya oenda.
Kuneta kusingaperi Kunzwa kuneta uye kusararama zuva rese kunyangwe mushure mekurara zvakanaka.
Matambudziko ekugaya chikafu Unogona kunzwa kusagadzikana mudumbu, kuzvimba, kuvimbiwa, nezvimwewo. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuva nematambudziko akaita seIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Njodzi yeHernias Njodzi yekubatwa nehernia yakakura nekuti nyama dzinobatana dzakatenderedza tsandanyama hadzina simba.

Chii chinokonzera EDS? Inotapukira here?

Kwete, EDS haisi chinhu chinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe . Idambudziko remajini zvachose. Kureva kuti, rinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini mumajini edu. Kukanganisa uku kunoitika mumajini anotirayira kugadzira collagen protein yatakambotaura nezvayo.

Nyanzvi dzakaona kusiyana kwemajini kunopfuura makumi maviri kunokonzera EDS. Kusiyana kwemajini kwauinako ndiko kunosarudza rudzi rweEDS nezviratidzo zvaunowana.

Mamwe marudzi eEDS anogona kugara nhaka kubva kuvabereki kuenda kuvana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mubereki mumwe chete aine chirwere ichi, pane mukana wekuti vana vachava nachowo. Zvisinei, mamwe marudzi anogonawo kuitika mumuviri, pasina nhoroondo yemhuri.

Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako aine chirwere ichi, kana kuti uine zviratidzo zvakafanana, zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba uye, kana zvichidikanwa, tsvaga mazano ezvemajini .

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kweEDS?

Dambudziko rinowanzoitika padambudziko iri kukanganiswa kwenhengo . Izvi zvinogona kuva chiitiko chinorwadza zvikuru. Pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha chatinofanira kurangarira tese pano.

Kana ukabvisa joini, usamboedza kuribatanidzazve iwe pachako kana kuti mumwe munhu ariite! Izvi zvinongokonzera kukuvara kwakawanda kujoini, nyama dzakakomberedza, uye tsinga. Chinhu chakanakisa chekuita kuenda kuchipatara chiri pedyo neEmergency Department (ETU) nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Mune mamwe marudzi akakomba, akadai se vascular EDS, matambudziko anogona kuitika anogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi. Semuenzaniso, mitsipa yeropa inogona kuputika, zvichikonzera kubuda ropa mumuviri uye zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita se stroke .

Mamwe matambudziko anogona kusanganisira:

  • Scoliosis
  • Matambudziko evharuvhu yemoyo
  • Matambudziko emazino nemazino
  • Makumbo akakotama

Kurapa uye kutarisira EDS

Chekutanga, hapana mushonga weEDS parizvino. Asi usazvidya moyo. Unogona kudzora zviratidzo zvako, kudzivirira matambudziko, uye kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka. Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa ndechekugadzirisa zviratidzo zvako.

  • Kurapa muviri: Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Maekisesaizi anosimbisa tsandanyama dzakatenderedza majoini anogona kubatsira kuderedza kuomarara kwejoini nekurwadziwa.
  • Kupfeka mabraces akakosha:Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira mabraces akakosha ekutsigira uye kudzivirira majoini asina simba.
  • Kutarisirwa kwakakosha kweganda: Sezvo ganda richinyanya kubatwa neganda, zvakakosha kurichengetedza nekushandisa mafuta ekudzivirira zuva paunenge uchibuda muzuva uye uchishandisa sipo dzisina kunyorova dzisingakuvadzi.

Zvakare, zvakanaka kuti usashandise zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza majoini.

  • Bata mitambo
  • Kurovedza muviri zvine simba guru (kumhanya, kusvetuka, nezvimwe zvinorovedza muviri zvine simba guru)
  • Kusimudza simbi

Izvi hazvirevi kuti haugone kurovedza muviri zvachose. Unogona kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemaekisesaizi akakodzera muviri wako uye asingakuvadze majoini ako, akadai sekushambira kana kutasva bhasikoro.

Kurarama neEDS kunogona kuoma dzimwe nguva. Kurwadziwa nguva dzose uye kuneta zvinogona kunetsa. Izvozvo zvakajairika. Asi unogona kunzwisisa zvausingakwanisi kuita, kuita shanduko dzinodiwa, uye kuramba uchiita zvinhu zvaunoda. Teerera muviri wako. Kana ukaona chero shanduko muzviratidzo zvako kana manzwiro ako, usatya kutaura nachiremba wako.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

  • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) chirwere chemajini chinokonzerwa nekushaikwa kweprotein yecollagen.
  • Zviratidzo zvikuru kukotama zvakanyanya uye kusvetuka-svetuka kwemajoini nguva nenguva, ganda rinonamira, uye mavanga ari nyore.
  • Kunyange hazvo zvisingarapike zvachose, zviratidzo zvinogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka nekushandisa physiotherapy, kuchinja mararamiro, uye mazano akakodzera ekurapa.
  • Kana ukarova joini, usamboedza kuzvigadzirisa wega, asi enda kuchipatara nekukurumidza.
  • Kana uine zviratidzo izvi kana kuti une nhoroondo yemhuri, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba wako kuti akubatsire kuziva chirwere chacho nemazvo.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, EDS sinhala, kurwadziwa kwemajoini, kusimba kweganda, zvirwere zvecollagen, zvirwere zve connective tissue, zvirwere zvemajini, hypermobility
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Hapana zvakataurwa parizvino. Isa mhinduro yako pano kekutanga.

Wedzera zvaunofunga

Ndokumbira uverenge: 3 + 6 =
Majoini ako anogara achitsemuka here? Ganda rako rinotambanuka serabha here? Ngatidzidzei nezve Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
Zvirwere Nemamiriro Ezvinhu2026 Chikunguru 15

Majoini ako anogara achitsemuka here? Ganda rako rinotambanuka serabha here? Ngatidzidzei nezve Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Wakamboona here kuti majoini ako anokotama uye anofamba zvishoma kupfuura shamwari dzako? Kana kuti unokuvara kana kukuvadzwa kunyangwe paunosvika panzvimbo diki? Ungafunga kuti, "Ah... ndizvo zvakaita muviri wangu, ndagara ndiri seizvi kubvira ndichiri mudiki." Asi izvi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvechirwere chatisingataure zvakawanda nezvacho, asi chatinofanira kuziva nezvacho. Nhasi tichataura nezvechimwe chirwere chakadai, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, kana kuti EDS muchidimbu.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)?

Funga nezvemuviri wedu sechivako chakavakwa zvakanaka. Zvese zviri muchivako ichi, kusanganisira zvidhinha, madziro, nedenga, zvinobatanidzwa pamwe chete uye zvinosimbiswa nesimende. Saizvozvowo, nhengo dzemuviri wedu, mapfupa, tsandanyama, neganda zvakabatana, zvinotsigirwa, uye zvinotsigirwa netiweki yematishu. Tinodaidza kuti matishu anobatanidza .

Gamba guru renyama iyi ipuroteni inonzi collagen . Yakafanana nesimende. Iyi collagen ndiyo inopa simba nekugadzikana kweganda redu, majoini, netsinga dzeropa.

Zvino, hezvino zvinoitika mumuviri wemunhu ane Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS): Pane shanduko yemajini munzira iyo muviri wavo unogadzira puroteni iyi inonzi collagen. Saka collagen inogadzirwa haina kusimba zvakakwana, sezvakaita simende yekare. Saka chii chinoitika? Zvakaita sekuti chivako chiri kupera simba, nhengo dzemuviri dziri kupera simba. Saka zvinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemuviri.

  • Ropa netsinga dzeropa
  • Mapfupa (mapfupa)
  • Cartilage (nyama yakatsetseka iri pakati pemapfupa)
  • Mafuta
  • Misungo (majoini)
  • Tsandanyama
  • Ganda

Kune mhando huru dzeEDS here?

Ehe, EDS haina kufanana kune wese munhu. Chirwere ichi chakakamurwa kuita mhando gumi nenhatu huru zvichienderana nekuti chinokanganisa sei muviri uye zviratidzo zvachinokonzera. Asi nhasi tichataura nezvedzimwe dzemhando dzakajairika dzaunofanira kuziva zvakanyanya.

Zita rerudzi rweEDS Sumo pfupi
Hypermobile EDSIyi ndiyo mhando inonyanya kushandiswa. Majoini avo anochinjika zvikuru uye akasununguka. Anonzwa sekunge 'akavharirwa'. Majoini acho anowanzoita ruzha rwekuti 'click' uye anogona kutsemuka zviri nyore.
EDS yekare Izvi zvakafanana nerudzi rwataurwa pamusoro apa, asi zvinokanganisa ganda kupfuura majoini. Ganda racho rakatetepa, rakaita serabha, uye rinogona kubvaruka nekukuvadzwa zviri nyore.
EDS yakafanana neyekare Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, yakafanana zvikuru neClassical EDS, asi pane musiyano mudiki muzviratidzo. Chiremba chete ndiye anogona kuona izvi.
EDS yemwoyo-vharuvhu Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwemwoyo nemidziyo yeropa, pamwe nekuita kuti pave nezviratidzo paganda nemapfundo.
EDS yetsinga Rudzi urwu rusingawanzoitiki uye rune njodzi. Runokanganisa mitsipa yeropa nenhengo dzemukati kupfuura majoini. Madziro adzo haana kusimba uye anogona kuputika kana kuputika zviri nyore. Ichi chirwere chinoda kutarisirwa nekukurumidza.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zveEDS?

Zvino ungave uchifunga kuti, "Handizivi kana ndine izvi futi." Ngatitarisei zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvechirwere ichi. Asi yeuka chinhu chimwe chete, kungoti une chimwe kana zviviri zvezviratidzo izvi hazvirevi kuti une EDS . Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuonekwawo mune zvimwe zvirwere. Saka, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekuona chiremba kana usina chokwadi uye wobva waongorora chirwere chacho.

Chiratidzo Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...
Majoini eHypermobile Majoini anokotama kupfuura zvakajairika. Vamwe vanoti 'majoini maviri'. Majoini akaita sefudzi, ibvi, neminwe anogara achifamba-famba.
Ganda rakatetepa uye rakatsetseka Ganda racho rakatsetseka, rakaita sevelvet. Uye sebhora remukanyi wepizza, unogona kuritambanudza sezvaunoda, uye rinodzokera kwaraive pawairegedza.
Ganda risina kusimba uye mavanga Kunyangwe ronda diki rinotora nguva yakareba kuti ripore. Rinokanda mavanga zviri nyore, uye dzimwe nguva mavanga acho anotetepa uye anochinja ruvara.
Kukuvara zviri nyore Dzimwe nguva mavanga ebhuruu anoonekwa pamuviri kunyangwe pasina kurohwa chero kupi. Kunyangwe ukangorova pane imwe nzvimbo zvishoma, anoshanduka kuita bhuruu.
Kurwadziwa kwemajoini netsandanyama Kune marwadzo anogara achiitika, sekurwadziwa, mumajoini netsandanyama. Marwadzo aya anouya oenda.
Kuneta kusingaperi Kunzwa kuneta uye kusararama zuva rese kunyangwe mushure mekurara zvakanaka.
Matambudziko ekugaya chikafu Unogona kunzwa kusagadzikana mudumbu, kuzvimba, kuvimbiwa, nezvimwewo. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuva nematambudziko akaita seIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Njodzi yeHernias Njodzi yekubatwa nehernia yakakura nekuti nyama dzinobatana dzakatenderedza tsandanyama hadzina simba.

Chii chinokonzera EDS? Inotapukira here?

Kwete, EDS haisi chinhu chinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe . Idambudziko remajini zvachose. Kureva kuti, rinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini mumajini edu. Kukanganisa uku kunoitika mumajini anotirayira kugadzira collagen protein yatakambotaura nezvayo.

Nyanzvi dzakaona kusiyana kwemajini kunopfuura makumi maviri kunokonzera EDS. Kusiyana kwemajini kwauinako ndiko kunosarudza rudzi rweEDS nezviratidzo zvaunowana.

Mamwe marudzi eEDS anogona kugara nhaka kubva kuvabereki kuenda kuvana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mubereki mumwe chete aine chirwere ichi, pane mukana wekuti vana vachava nachowo. Zvisinei, mamwe marudzi anogonawo kuitika mumuviri, pasina nhoroondo yemhuri.

Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako aine chirwere ichi, kana kuti uine zviratidzo zvakafanana, zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba uye, kana zvichidikanwa, tsvaga mazano ezvemajini .

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kweEDS?

Dambudziko rinowanzoitika padambudziko iri kukanganiswa kwenhengo . Izvi zvinogona kuva chiitiko chinorwadza zvikuru. Pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha chatinofanira kurangarira tese pano.

Kana ukabvisa joini, usamboedza kuribatanidzazve iwe pachako kana kuti mumwe munhu ariite! Izvi zvinongokonzera kukuvara kwakawanda kujoini, nyama dzakakomberedza, uye tsinga. Chinhu chakanakisa chekuita kuenda kuchipatara chiri pedyo neEmergency Department (ETU) nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Mune mamwe marudzi akakomba, akadai se vascular EDS, matambudziko anogona kuitika anogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi. Semuenzaniso, mitsipa yeropa inogona kuputika, zvichikonzera kubuda ropa mumuviri uye zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita se stroke .

Mamwe matambudziko anogona kusanganisira:

  • Scoliosis
  • Matambudziko evharuvhu yemoyo
  • Matambudziko emazino nemazino
  • Makumbo akakotama

Kurapa uye kutarisira EDS

Chekutanga, hapana mushonga weEDS parizvino. Asi usazvidya moyo. Unogona kudzora zviratidzo zvako, kudzivirira matambudziko, uye kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka. Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa ndechekugadzirisa zviratidzo zvako.

  • Kurapa muviri: Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Maekisesaizi anosimbisa tsandanyama dzakatenderedza majoini anogona kubatsira kuderedza kuomarara kwejoini nekurwadziwa.
  • Kupfeka mabraces akakosha:Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira mabraces akakosha ekutsigira uye kudzivirira majoini asina simba.
  • Kutarisirwa kwakakosha kweganda: Sezvo ganda richinyanya kubatwa neganda, zvakakosha kurichengetedza nekushandisa mafuta ekudzivirira zuva paunenge uchibuda muzuva uye uchishandisa sipo dzisina kunyorova dzisingakuvadzi.

Zvakare, zvakanaka kuti usashandise zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza majoini.

  • Bata mitambo
  • Kurovedza muviri zvine simba guru (kumhanya, kusvetuka, nezvimwe zvinorovedza muviri zvine simba guru)
  • Kusimudza simbi

Izvi hazvirevi kuti haugone kurovedza muviri zvachose. Unogona kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemaekisesaizi akakodzera muviri wako uye asingakuvadze majoini ako, akadai sekushambira kana kutasva bhasikoro.

Kurarama neEDS kunogona kuoma dzimwe nguva. Kurwadziwa nguva dzose uye kuneta zvinogona kunetsa. Izvozvo zvakajairika. Asi unogona kunzwisisa zvausingakwanisi kuita, kuita shanduko dzinodiwa, uye kuramba uchiita zvinhu zvaunoda. Teerera muviri wako. Kana ukaona chero shanduko muzviratidzo zvako kana manzwiro ako, usatya kutaura nachiremba wako.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

  • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) chirwere chemajini chinokonzerwa nekushaikwa kweprotein yecollagen.
  • Zviratidzo zvikuru kukotama zvakanyanya uye kusvetuka-svetuka kwemajoini nguva nenguva, ganda rinonamira, uye mavanga ari nyore.
  • Kunyange hazvo zvisingarapike zvachose, zviratidzo zvinogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka nekushandisa physiotherapy, kuchinja mararamiro, uye mazano akakodzera ekurapa.
  • Kana ukarova joini, usamboedza kuzvigadzirisa wega, asi enda kuchipatara nekukurumidza.
  • Kana uine zviratidzo izvi kana kuti une nhoroondo yemhuri, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba wako kuti akubatsire kuziva chirwere chacho nemazvo.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, EDS sinhala, kurwadziwa kwemajoini, kusimba kweganda, zvirwere zvecollagen, zvirwere zve connective tissue, zvirwere zvemajini, hypermobility
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Hapana zvakataurwa parizvino. Isa mhinduro yako pano kekutanga.

Wedzera zvaunofunga

Ndokumbira uverenge: 3 + 6 =