Chii chinonzi 'epithelium' iyi iri kwese kwese mumuviri wedu? Ngatizvinzwisise zviri nyore!

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti ganda redu rinotidzivirira sei? Kana kuti tinotora sei zvinovaka muviri kubva muchikafu chatinodya, kana kuti tinochengetedza sei zvinhu zvakaita seguruva kuti zvisabude mumiviri yedu patinofema? Iyi nyama yakakosha yatichataura nezvayo nhasi ine chekuita nezvose izvi. Inonzi epithelium . Ungave wakanzwa shoko iri kubva kuna chiremba. Saka, ngatitarisei kuti chii, chiri kupi mumuviri, uye kuti chinoitei.

Chii chinonzi Epithelium? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Epithelium imhando yenyama iri mumuviri wedu . Funga nezvazvo, inofukidza nzvimbo dzese dziri mukati nekunze kwemuviri wedu, inofukidza mukati memakomba nenhengo dzisina chinhu, uye ndiyo nyama huru iri mumagland edu.

Zvino ungave uchishamisika kuti, chii chinoitwa nenyama iyi ye epithelial mumuviri wedu? Kutaura zvazviri, ine mabasa akawanda zvichienderana nekuti iri kupi . Makuru ndekudzivirira, kuburitsa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kupinza zvinhu zvinodiwa .

Pamwe unoziva kuti kune mhando ina huru dzenyama mumuviri wedu:

• Nhumbu ye epithelial
• Tishu inobatana
• Nyama dzetsandanyama
• Nhengo dzetsinga

Pazvinhu izvi, epithelial tissue inokosha zvikuru. Nekuti kana chimwe chinhu chichifanira kupinda kana kubuda munhengo dzedu, chinofanira kutanga chapfuura nepakati peepithelial tissue iyi .

Unogona kufungidzira kuti ingani nzvimbo dziri mumuviri wedu dzinowanikwa mu epithelial tissue iyi. Heano mienzaniso mishoma:

• Chikamu chekunze cheganda rako (epidermis)
• Rutivi rwuri mukati meura hwako
• Rutivi rwuri mukati menzira dzako dzekufema
• Rutivi rwuri mukati medumbu rako
• Matumbu ako edikita

Matishu e epithelial ari kwese kwese.

Saka, chii chinonzi epithelial cells?

Zviri nyore kwazvo. Epithelial tissue inoumbwa nemasero epithelial . Masero aya anogona kuva nechimiro chakasiyana, uye anogona kurongwa muchikamu chimwe chete kana muzvikamu zvakawanda. Zvinoenderana nekuti masero ari kupi mumuviri uye kuti anoita basa rei.

Mubhayoloji, sero ichikamu chidiki chehupenyu chinogona kurarama chega. Miviri yedu inoumbwa nematiriyoni emasero aya. Sero rinowanzova nezvikamu zvikuru zvitatu:

• Kamudzira kesero: Iri ndiro chifukidziro chakakomberedza sero. Rinodzora zvinopinda nekubuda musero.
• Nyukireya: Ichi ndicho chikamu chinonyanya kukosha chesero. Chine ruzivo rwakawanda rwemajini esero, kana kuti DNA .
• Cytoplasm:Ichi chikamu chemvura chiri mukati mesero. Chine zvimwe zvikamu zvesero, zvivako zvidiki zvinoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana.

Mamwe marudzi emasero, kunyanya masero e epithelial, ane maumbirwo akakosha pamusoro pawo anoabatsira kuita mabasa awo. Heano mimwe mienzaniso:

• Microvilli: Izvi zvakafanana neminwe midiki inobuda pamusoro pemasero. Asi hazvifambi. Basa rayo guru nderekuwedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro yesero. Izvi zvinobvumira sero kupinza zvinhu zvakawanda. Semuenzaniso, masero eepithelial muura hwako hudiki ane zviuru zve microvilli idzi . Izvi ndizvo zvinokubatsira kupinza zvinovaka muviri kubva muchikafu chaunodya, uye zvinobatsirawo kudzivirira muviri wako kubva kubhakitiriya muura hwako.
• Cilia: Aya maumbirwo akanaka kwazvo, akafanana nebvudzi, anofambika. Anowanikwa pamusoro pemasero. Anogona kufambisa sero rese, kana kufambisa zvinhu pamusoro pekunze kwesero. Sero rine cilia rinowanzova nemazana e cilia. Funga nezvazvo, masero e epithelial ari mugwara rako rekufema ane aya ma cilia . Paunofema guruva nezvimwe zvidimbu, zvinobatwa muaya ma cilia, zvichiafambisa kuenda kumhino, zvichiadzivirira kuti asapinde mumapapu. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewe epithelial cells muFallopian tubes yevakadzi. Aya anobatsira kufambisa zai kubva muovary kuenda kuchibereko.
• Stereocilia: Idzi imhando ye microvilli chaiyo. Asi dzinotaridzika se cilia. Idziwo iprojections kubva pamusoro pemamwe masero e epithelial. Aya stereocilia akakosha pakunzwa uye kuenzana kwe epithelial tissue yemukati kwenzeve yako .

Ndeapi marudzi emasero e epithelial aripo?

Nekuti matishu e epithelial ane mabasa akasiyana, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero e epithelial, zvichienderana nekuti ari kupi. Ngationei kuti chii.

Mhando dzemasero epithelial nechimiro

Kune mhando nhatu huru dzemasero zvichienderana nechimiro chawo:

• Squamous epithelium: Masero aya akati sandara, seshizha.
• Epithelium yeCuboidal: Masero aya ane chimiro checuboidal, zvichireva kuti akaenzana pakureba, hupamhi, uye kudzika.
• Epithelium yeColumnar: Masero aya akaumbwa sembiru, zvichireva kuti akareba kupfuura akafara.

Mhando dzakavakirwa pakuti masero akarongwa sei

Matishu e epithelial anosiyanawo nenzira iyo masero akarongwa nayo:

• Zviri nyore: Epithelium iri nyore inongova nechikamu chimwe chete chemasero .
• Yakakamurwa: Epithelium yakakamurwa inoumbwa nemasero anopfuura rimwe chete .
• Zvakanyengedzwa:Iyi inokosha zvishoma. Nekuti masero akabatanidzwa pamwe chete, uye anouya muhukuru hwakasiyana, zvinoita sekunge kune zvidimbu zvakawanda. Asi chaizvoizvo pane zvidimbu chimwe chete zvemasero .

Ndeapi marudzi makuru emasero e epithelial mumuviri wako?

Zvino, tichibatanidza chimiro chatakurukura pamusoro apa uye marongerwo akaita masero, tinogona kuona mhando dzakasiyana dze epithelial tissue. Heano mamwe acho:

• Epithelium iri nyore: Rudzi urwu runowanzo vhara mitsipa yeropa nemaburi emuviri uye runodzora kufamba kwezvinhu kuenda kumatishu ari pasi.
• Epithelium iri nyore yecuboidal: Izvi zvinowanzo kuwanikwa munyama yeglandular (inogadzira kubuda kwemasero) uye muitsvo.
• Simple columnar epithelium: Idzi dzinowanzo kuve dzakagadzirwa kuti dzinyure. Masero aya anowanzova ne cilia kana microvilli pamusoro pawo. Masero aya ari mudumbu nemudumbu mako.
• Epithelium ye squamous yakakamurwa: Rudzi urwu rwenyama runowanzova nemabasa ekudzivirira. Semuenzaniso, kudzivirira nyama dziri pasi kubva kutupukanana kana kukuvara kwemvura. Chikamu chekunze cheganda rako (epidermis) chinoumbwa nemasero aya e squamous epithelial akakamurwa.
• Epithelium yecuboidal yakakamurwa: Rudzi urwu haruwanzoitiki. Runowanikwa mumigero inoburitsa mate uye mumigero yedikita.
• Stratified columnar epithelium: Izvi hazviwanzoitiki. Zvinowanikwa mu mucous membrane (conjunctiva) inofukidza maziso ako. Zvinodzivirira uye zvinoburitsawo manyoka.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: Rudzi urwu rwunofukidza nzira yako yekufema yepamusoro. Kazhinji ine cilia yakawanda.

Masero eEpithelial ane mabasa akakosha

Kune mamwe masero e epithelial anogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nemabasa awo chaiwo.

• Transitional epithelium: Inonziwo urothelium . Inoumbwa nemasero akati wandei. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti kana yakatambanudzwa, masero aya anotambanuka. Inofukidza nzira yako yeweti yakawanda . Ndiyowo nyama inobvumira dundira rako kukura.
• Epithelium yeganda:Rudzi urwu rwe epithelium rwakagadzirirwa kugadzira nekuburitsa zvinhu. Izvi zvinowanikwa mumagland ako. Magland inhengo dzakagadzirwa dzinogona kugadzira, kuchengeta, uye/kana kuburitsa zvinhu zvakaita semahormone, mapuroteni, nemvura.
• Epithelium yemafuta: Iyi iri mukati memhino yako. Ine masero emafuta emushonga . Masero aya ane maumbirwo akareba, akasarudzika anonzi cilia. Paunofema, mamorekuru ekunhuhwirira anobatwa mucilia paanopfuura nepamusoro peepithelial iyi. Ruzivo nezvemamorekuru iwayo runobva rwafamba kubva kumareceptor kuenda kubhabhu rekunhuhwirira riri muuropi hwako. Ndipo panotsanangura uropi hwako kuti kunhuhwirira ikoko chii.

Saka, chii chaizvo chinoitika ku epithelial tissue? (Mabasa)

Iye zvino unogona kuona kukosha kwe epithelial tissue kumiviri yedu. Anoita mabasa akati wandei akakosha muhupenyu hwedu. Sezvo masero e epithelial anowanikwa mumuviri wese, basa rawo nechinangwa chawo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekwaanowanikwa.

Epithelial tissue inonyanya kuita rimwe kana kupfuura emabasa anotevera:

• Dziviriro: Nyama ye epithelial inodzivirira nhengo dzakasiyana dzemuviri wedu. Semuenzaniso, ganda rako rakaumbwa nenyama ye epithelial . Inodzivirira nyama, mitsipa yeropa, tsandanyama, uye nhengo dzemukati dziri mumuviri wako. Saizvozvowo, cilia iri pamasero e epithelial ari muura hwako inodzivirira muviri wako wese kubva kubhakitiriya muura.
• Kubuda Kwemasero: Nyama ye epithelial iri mumagland ako (glandular epithelium) inogona kuburitsa ma enzymes, mahormone, nezvimwe zvinwiwa zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Kunyudzwa: Nyama yemukati menhengo dzemukati, dzakadai sechiropa nemapapu, inogona kunyudzwa zvimwe zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, jira remukati memukati medumbu rinonyudzwa zvinovaka muviri kubva muchikafu chaunodya .
• Kubvisa tsvina: Kubvisa tsvina mumuviri kunoburitsa tsvina. Nhumbu ye epithelial iri muitsvo dzako inoburitsa tsvina . Uye nhumbu ye epithelial iri mugland rako reziya inoburitsa ziya.
• Kusefa: Epithelium iri mutsinga yako yekufema inochenesa mweya waunofema nekusefa guruva netsvina . Saizvozvowo, tissue ye epithelial iri muitsvo dzako inosefa ropa rako.
• Kupararira: Mubhayoloji, kupararira ndiko kufamba kwemamorekuru kana zvidimbu kubva kunzvimbo ine huwandu hwakanyanya kuenda kunzvimbo ine huwandu hwakaderera. Kamudzira kadiki kakagadzirwa nemasero epithelial kanongobvumira zvinhu zvakasarudzwa kuti zvipfuure nepakati pako. Maitiro aya ekupararira anobatsira mumabasa akadai sekusefa, kunyudza, uye kuburitsa.
• Kugamuchira kwekunzwa:Miviri yedu inogamuchira ruzivo rwekunzwa kubva kunze kwenyika nekuda kwemagumo etsinga dzekunzwa dziri mu epithelial tissue. Semuenzaniso, stereocilia iri pamusoro pe epithelial tissue iri munzeve yako inokosha pakunzwa nekudzikama . Saizvozvowo, kuravira kuri parurimi rwako kuri mu stratified squamous epithelium yerurimi rwako.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokanganisa epithelial tissue?

Njodzi huru ne epithelial tissue mukana wekuva negomarara, kunyanya mhando dzegomarara dzakadai se adenocarcinoma kana papillary thyroid carcinoma .

Adenocarcinoma rudzi rwegomarara rinokanganisa tsinga dzemudumbu dzinobata nhengo dzemuviri. Ndiyo mhando yegomarara rinowanzoonekwa munhengo dzemuviri. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti:

• Kenza zhinji dzeprostate
• Makondombera mazhinji emazamu
• Inenge 96% yekenza yemudumbu
• Inenge 95% yekenza yepancreatic
• Kenza dzemapapu dzisiri dzemasero madiki dzinoita 40% yekenza dzemapapu dzese.

Kansa yemudumbu inonzi papillary thyroid carcinoma inoumba 80% yekenza yemudumbu. Rudzi urwu rwekenza runokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyangwe ikapararira kusvika kuma lymph nodes mumutsipa, chirwere ichi chinopindura zvakanaka kana charapwa. Chinorapika zvikuru uye hachiwanzo uraya.

Pamusoro pegomarara, mamwe matambudziko anosanganisira epithelial tissue anogona kuitika munhengo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuviri. Mamwe ematambudziko anowanzoitika anosanganisira:

• Asthma: Asthma chirwere chinoita kuti nzira dzekufema dziite shoma, dzizvimbe, uye pamwe dzibudise madzihwa akawandisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti epithelium yenzira dzekufema ishanduke yobva yaoma.
• Chirwere cheCeliac: Kana munhu ane chirwere checeliac akadya gluten (puroteni inowanikwa mune zvimwe zviyo), masoja emuviri wake anorwisa nekukuvadza microvilli iri mumasero eepithelial ari muura hwake. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviomere matumbo kupinza zvinovaka muviri zvakanaka.
• Mhando dzeHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) 1-4: HPV inogona kukonzera mapundu pamasero e epithelial ari kunze kweganda rako (epidermis).
• Kusvotwa: Kusvotwa chirwere chinokonzera kunzwa uchitenderera. Chinogona kunge chine zvikonzero zvakawanda. Chimwe chikonzero kuunganidzwa kusina kujairika kwemasero epithelial ane stratified squamous mukati mezeve yako (anonzi cholesteatoma ). Kana ikasarapwa, inogona kukonzera vertigo (matambudziko ekuenzanisa) pamwe nematambudziko ekunzwa.

Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvinoongorora masero epithelial?

Nekuti masero e epithelial anowanikwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakakosha mumiviri yedu, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzebvunzo dzinoongorora masero e epithelial kuti dzione kana aine chekuita nezvirwere zvakasiyana. Mukurapa, pathology kuongororwa kwemasero ari munyama yemuviri kana musampuli dzemvura murabhoritari kuti aone chirwere. Musayendisiti anoongorora masero aya anonzi pathologist .

Mimwe mienzaniso yemiedzo ine chekuita ne epithelial tissue:

• Masero eEpithelial muweti: Kuongororwa kweweti bvunzo inoyera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana muweti yako. Chikamu cheizvozvo inhamba yemasero eepithelial ari muweti. Nyanzvi yekurabhoritari ichatarisa weti yako uchishandisa maikorosikopu kuti ione kana huwandu hwemasero eepithelial huri mukati mehuwandu hwakajairika. Zvakajairika kuva nemasero eepithelial mashoma muweti yako. Asi kana uine akawanda acho, zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chehutachiona, chirwere cheitsvo, kana chimwe chirwere chakakomba .
• Kuongororwa kwePap smear / Pap: Kuongororwa kwePap bvunzo yekutarisa masero e epithelial asina kujairika mumuromo wechibereko ane kenza kana kuti anogona kuva kenza. Mubvunzo uyu, chiremba anotora sampuli yemasero kubva mumuromo wechibereko oaongorora pasi pemaikorosikopu.
• Mimwe miedzo ye biopsy: Biopsy kuongororwa (kazhinji pasi pe microscope) kwenyama inobviswa mumuviri kuti ione zviratidzo zvechirwere. Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze biopsy dzinoongorora masero e epithelial. Semuenzaniso, biopsy ye prostate inosanganisira kutora masero e epithelial kubva kuprostate netsono uye kutarisa zviratidzo zvegomarara. Biopsy yechirwere checeliac inosanganisira kutora masero e epithelial kubva muura hudiki kuburikidza ne endoscopy uye kutarisa kukuvara kwe microvilli mumasero.
• Mimwe miedzo yeCytology (Cytology tests / Cytopathology): Cytology kuongorora masero kubva munyama yemuviri kana mvura kuti kuongororwe. Kune miedzo yakawanda yecytology inosanganisira masero eepithelial, akadai segynecologic cytology, thyroid cytology, respiratory cytology, uye eye cytology.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe epithelium, endothelium, uye mesothelium?

Mazita matatu aya anogona kuvhiringidza nekuti anonzwika akafanana zvishoma. Epithelium, endothelium , uye mesothelium marudzi matatu eepithelial cell layers anofukidza nhengo dzedu dzemukati, maburi emuviri, uye anoumba chikamu chekunze cheganda redu.

• Epithelium inowanzo vhara nzira dzinoenda kune nharaunda yekunze, semuenzaniso nzira yako yekufema uye sisitimu yekugaya chikafu.
• Endothelium inowanzo tenderera nzira dzese dzemukati memuviri, semuenzaniso hurongwa hweropa (tsinga dzeropa) uye cornea yeziso rako.
• Mesothelium inofukidza maburi makuru emuviri wako. Semuenzaniso, mudumbu (peritoneum), mumapapu (pleura), uye mumoyo (pericardium). Mesothelium inoburitsa mvura inozora inonzi serous fluid .

Epithelial tissue rudzi rwenyama inoita mabasa akawanda akakosha pakushanda kwemuviri wako uye hutano. Pamwe wakambonzwa chiremba wako achishandisa izwi rekuti "epithelium" paanenge achitaura nezvemiedzo kana mhando dzekenza. Kune mazwi akawanda akaomarara, asinganzwisisike seaya mune zvehutano. Kana usina chokwadi nezveshoko rinoshandiswa nachiremba wako, usatya kumubvunza kuti rinorevei.

Zvinhu zvakakosha kuti urangarire (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Saka, ndinovimba une pfungwa iri nyore nezve 'epithelium' iyi yatataura nezvayo nhasi.

• Epithelium itemplate yakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi inoshanda sechifukidziro uye inowanikwa kwese kwese mumiviri yedu. Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadai seganda, ura, uye nzira yekufema.
• Izvi zvinoita mabasa akawanda akakosha, akadai sekudzivirira, kuburitsa, uye kupinza .
• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero e epithelial zvichienderana nechimiro chawo uye kurongeka kwawo.
• Zvimwe zvirwere, kunyanya kenza , zvinogona kukanganisa ganda iri, uye zvine chekuitawo nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai seasthma nechirwere checeliac.
• Hutano hwemasero aya hunogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana (kuongororwa kweweti, Pap smears, biopsies) .

Kuziva nezvemuviri wako kuchakubatsira zvikuru kuti urambe uine hutano hwakanaka. Saka, farira kudzidza zvakawanda nezvezvinhu izvi.

epithelium , masero e epithelial, tishu, chifukidziro chemuviri, glands, dziviriro, kubudiswa, kunyudzwa, mhando dzemasero, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified, simple, pseudostratified, cancer, adenocarcinoma, pap smear