Ropa chii? (Ropa) Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore!

Wakambova neronda diki ukaona donhwe rimwe kana maviri eropa dzvuku richibuda mariri here? Pamwe ndipo paunocheka ruoko rwako nepepa. Tese tinoziva kuti ropa chinhu chitsvuku. Asi, ropa iri chii chaizvo? Ropa iri rinoita basa rei mumiviri yedu? Ndizvo zvatichataura nezvazvo nhasi, zviri nyore sekutaura neshamwari.

Ropa chii uye nei richikosha kwatiri?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ropa rinokosha kuti tirarame. Rakafanana nepeturu yemotokari, ropa remuviri wedu. Ndiro ropa iri rinotakura zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti nhengo diki yega yega yemuviri wedu, kureva sero rega rega nenyama, zvishande. Funga nezvazvo sebasa remarori rinoendesa zvinhu muguta rese.

• Inofambisa okisijeni: Patinofema, okisijeni inopinda mumapapu edu inotakurwa neropa kuenda kumasero mumuviri wedu wese. Pasina okisijeni iyi, masero edu haagone kurarama.
• Inopa hutano: Zvinovaka muviri , zvakaita seglucose, zvinogayiwa uye zvinotorwa kubva muchikafu chatinodya zvinopararira mumuviri wese kuburikidza neropa. Izvi ndizvo zvinopa masero edu simba.
• Kubvisa tsvina: Ropa rinotakura tsvina ( yakadai secarbon dioxide) inogadzirwa nemasero edu kudzokera kumapapu, kwatinoiburitsa. Ropa rinobatsirawo kubvisa tsvina kubva mumuviri kuburikidza nenhengo dzakadai seitsvo nechiropa.
• Inodzivirira zvirwere: Kune masero akakosha muropa anorwisa utachiona, hwakadai semabhakitiriya nemavhairasi, anopinda mumiviri yedu achitidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere . Zvakafanana neuto rekudzivirira riri mukati memiviri yedu.
• Mahormone ane mashoko: Mahormone inhume dzemakemikari dzinodzora mashandiro ese mumuviri wedu. Mahormone aya anotakurwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe muropa.
• Inodzora tembiricha yemuviri: Ropa rinobatsirawo kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri wedu.
• Inomisa kubuda ropa kana yakuvara: Ropa rinogonawo kudzora kubuda ropa nekudzivirira kubuda ropa rakawanda kubva kuronda diki, nekuita kuti ropa rigwambe (ropa rigwambe) .

Unoona, ropa harisi chinhu chitsvuku chete. Chinhu chakaoma kunzwisisa, chinoshamisa chinotsigira hupenyu hwemiviri yedu!

Ropa rinogadzirwa nei?

Ngationei kuti zvinhu zvakaita sei zvinoumba chinhu ichi chinoshamisa, ropa. Kune zvikamu zvikuru zviviri zveropa.

1. Plasma - Ichi chikamu chemvura.

2. Masero eropa - Aya ndiwo marudzi emasero anoyangarara muplasma.

Chii chinonzi Plasma?

Fungidzira, kana ropa rakaita sesaladhi yemichero, saka plasmaZvakafanana nesirapu inoyangarara zvidimbu zvemuchero musaradhi iyoyo. Asi iyi imvura yero. 55% chete yeropa redu ndiyo plasma .

Plasma inoumbwa nemvura zvakanyanya. Asi haisi mvura chete, inewo zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha:

• Mapuroteni: Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemapuroteni, akadai sealbumin, globulin, uye fibrinogen. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzora BP, kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira zvirwere, uye kubatsira kuumba ropa.
• Zvinovaka Muviri: Zvinhu zvakaita seglucose, amino acids, mavhitamini, uye fatty acids zvatataura nezvazvo kare zvinotakurwa kuenda kumasero kuburikidza neplasma.
• Mahormone: Mahormone anodzora mabasa akasiyana-siyana mumuviri wedu anofamba achinyungudika muplasma iyi.
• Maelectrolyte: Munyu wakaita sesodium, potassium, uye calcium. Izvi zvakakosha pakushanda kwetsinga dzemuviri uye mashandiro emhasuru.
• Marara: Marara akadai seurea anoburitswa mumasero anotakurwawo kuenda kuitsvo neplasma.

Saka, plasma haisi mvura chete, asi chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekutakura hwemuviri wedu, kupa kwekudya, kurasa marara, uye kudzivirira.

Ndeapi marudzi emasero eropa?

Zvino ngatitaurei nezvemasero eropa anoyangarara mumvura inonzi plasma. Kune mhando nhatu huru dzemasero aya eropa. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rune basa rarwo.

1. Masero Matsvuku Eropa / Erythrocytes - Masero anounza hupenyu kumiviri yedu!

Aya ndiwo marudzi emasero akawanda muropa redu. Kutaura chokwadi, aya masero matsvuku eropa ndiwo anoita kuti ropa rive neruvara rutsvuku. Aya masero madiki kwazvo, madhisiki maviri. Funga nezvawo sedonati diki, asi pachinzvimbo cheburi riri pakati, pane buri pakati.

• Basa guru: Puroteni yakakosha inonzi ``Hemoglobin`` iri mumasero matsvuku eropa inobvumira masero aya kutakura okisijeni . Okisijeni yatinotora kubva mumapapu inobatanidzwa nehemoglobin uye inotakurwa nemasero matsvuku eropa kuenda kune mamwe masero ese mumuviri. Anobatsirawo kudzosa imwe carbon dioxide inogadzirwa mumasero kumapapu.
• Hupenyu: Sero rimwe chete dzvuku reropa rinorarama kwemazuva angangoita 120. Mushure meizvozvo, rinoparadzwa muchiropa nemuchirebvu, uye masero matsva anogadzirwa.
• Anogadzirwa kupi?: Masero matsvuku eropa anogadzirwa munzvimbo inonzi bone marrow iri mukati memapfupa edu makuru.
• Matambudziko: Kana huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa hukadzikira, kana huwandu hwehemoglobin hukadzikira, muviri wedu haugamuchire okisijeni yakakwana. Tinodaidza chirwere ichi kuti "Anemia" . Ipapo zviratidzo zvakaita sekuneta, kucheneruka, uye kuoma kufema zvinogona kuitika.

2. Masero Machena Eropa / MaLeukocyte - Masoja ekudzivirira muviri!

Masero machena eropa ndiwo masoja makuru ekudzivirira muviri wedu . Akakura kupfuura masero matsvuku eropa, asi huwandu hwawo muropa hwakaderera pane hwemasero matsvuku eropa.

• Basa guru: Basa guru remasero aya nderekurwisa nekuparadza utachiona (mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, fungi, tupukanana) hunopinda mumuviri wedu, uye hunotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere . Anobatsirawo kuziva nekuparadza masero asina kujairika, akadai semasero ekenza.
• Mhando dzakasiyana: Hakuna rudzi rumwe chete rwemasero machena eropa. Sekunge kune mapoka akasiyana emauto muuto, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero machena eropa. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rune basa rarwo:
• MaNeutrophils: Aya ndiwo marudzi emasero machena eropa anowanikwa zvakanyanya. Anonyanya kurwisa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya.
• Lymphocytes: Kune mhando mbiri dzemalymphocytes, B-cells neT-cells. B-cells dzinogadzira maantibodies . Maantibodies aya mapuroteni akakosha anobatsira kuziva nekurwisa utachiona. T-cells dzinoparadza zvakananga masero ane utachiona uye dzinodzora mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri.
• Mamonocytes: Aya ndiwo masero machena makuru. Paanotama kubva muropa achienda munyama, anova masero anonzi macrophages, ayo "anomedza" uye anochenesa utachiona, masero akafa, nemamwe marara.
• Eosinophils: Izvi zvinonyanya kurwisa hutachiona hwezvipembenene. Zvinogonawo kuonekwa muzvirwere zveallergy.
• MaBasophils: Aya ndiwo marudzi madiki emasero machena eropa. Anoburitsa makemikari akaita sehistamine panguva yeallergy.
• Anogadzirwa kupi?: Masero machena aya anonyanya kugadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa. Mamwe marudzi, akadai semalymphocytes, anokurawo munzvimbo dzakadai semalymph nodes.
• Matambudziko: Kuwanda kwemasero machena eropa kwakanyanya kana kuderera kunogona kuratidza zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, hutachiona hunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemasero machena eropa. Leukemia ikenza yemasero machena eropa.

3. Maplatelet / MaThrombocyte - Magamba madiki anomira kubuda ropa!

Maplatelet haasi masero akazara. Zvidimbu zvidiki zvemasero zvinoparara kubva kumasero makuru anonzi megakaryocytes ari mumongo wemapfupa. Haana nucleus.

• Basa guru: Kana tikava neronda mumuviri wedu uye tsinga yeropa ikatyoka, zvinobatsira kumisa kubuda kweropa.Iri ndiro basa guru remaplatelet eropa aya. Anosvika panzvimbo yakakuvara obatana kuti agadzire "plug" inonamira. Anobva abatana neprotein inonzi fibrinogen muplasma kuti agadzire clot yeropa, zvichimisa kubuda kweropa zvachose.
• Dzinogadzirwa kupi?: Izvi zvinogadzirwawo mumongo wemapfupa.
• Matambudziko: Kana huwandu hwemaplatelet eropa hukadzikira (chirwere ichi chinonzi `Thrombocytopenia`), kuungana kweropa kunogona kunonoka. Zvadaro, kunyange ronda diki rinogona kuoma kumisa kubuda ropa, uye ganda rinogona kupwanyika zviri nyore. Ungave wakanzwa kuti huwandu uhwu hwemaplatelet eropa hunoderera muzvirwere zvakaita sedengue. Uyewo, kuwedzera kusingawanzoitiki kwehuwandu hwemaplatelet kana kushanda kwawo kusingawanzoitiki kunogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kweropa risingakoshi (`Thrombosis`).

Zvino pamwe wava kunzwisisa kuti ropa harisi mvura tsvuku chete, asi kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaoma uye zvinoshamisa zvinoitika mukati maro.

Sei ropa rakatsvuka?

Iri idambudziko rinosangana nevanhu vazhinji. Sezvatakambokurukura, ropa rakatsvuka nekuda kwepuroteni inonzi hemoglobin iri mumasero matsvuku eropa . Iri hemoglobin rine iron. Kana hemoglobin yakabatana neokisijeni (oxyhemoglobin), inova neruvara rutsvuku rwakasviba. Izvi ndizvo zvatinowanzoona muropa riri mutsinga. Ropa riri mutsinga, rine oxygen shoma (deoxyhemoglobin), rinova neruvara rutsvuku rwakasviba zvishoma, rwepepuru. Zvisinei, dzimwe mhuka dzine ropa rebhuruu kana regirini, nekuti ropa radzo rine makemikari akasiyana anotakura okisijeni. Ropa redu rakatsvuka nekuda kwehemoglobin!

Tose tine rudzi rumwe chete rweropa here? Ngatidzidzei zvishoma nezverudzi rweropa.

Pamwe wakambonzwa nyaya dzakadai sekuti "Ropa rangu rine B positive" uye "Zuva rinoda ropa risina O." Izvi zvinoreva kuti ropa revanhu vese harisi rakafanana. Pane chimwe chinhu chinonzi `blood groups` .

Mhando dzeropa idzi dzinoonekwa nemapuroteni akakosha anonzi `Antigens` ari pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa. Masisitimu maviri makuru erudzi rweropa ndeaya:

1. Sisitimu yeABO: Saka, kune marudzi mana eropa: A, B, AB, uye O.

2. Sisitimu yeRh: Saka, kune mhando mbiri: Rh positive (ine Rh factor) uye Rh negative (haina Rh factor).

Tinowanzo dana rudzi rweropa nekubatanidza zvese ABO neRh systems (semuenzaniso A positive, O negative).

Sei marudzi aya eropa achikosha?

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti pakuwedzerwa ropa , ndiko kuti, pakupa ropa kune mumwe munhu, unofanirwa kupa ropa rinoenderana naro. Kana ukapa ropa risingaenderane naro, mhinduro ine njodzi (`Transfusion reaction`) inogona kuitika mumuviri wemunhu anogamuchira ropa uye inogona kutoisa hupenyu panjodzi. Ndosaka, kungave kupa ropa kana kugamuchira ropa, rudzi rweropa runozivikanwa uye rwakaenzana.

Chii chatingaita kuti ropa redu rirambe riine hutano?

Kuchengetedza ropa rine hutano, iro rinoita basa rakakosha mumiviri yedu, kwakakosha zvikuru. Pane zvinhu zvishoma zviri nyore zvatinogona kuita kuti zvitibatsire:

• Kudya kwakaringana: Unofanira kudya chikafu chine iron yakawanda (mashizha emiriwo, nyama tsvuku, nyemba), folic acid, uye vhitamini B12 (izvi zvakakosha pakuumbwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa). Iva nechokwadi chekuisa miriwo mitsva nemichero mukudya kwako.
• Inwa mvura yakakwana: Ropa rinonyanya kuva mvura (plasma). Saka, zvakakosha kudzivirira kupera mvura mumuviri nekuda kwehutano hweropa.
• Kurovedza muviri nguva dzose: Kurovedza muviri kunovandudza kurova kwemoyo uye kutenderera kweropa.
• Dzivisa kusvuta uye kunwa doro zvakanyanya: Maitiro aya anokuvadza ropa pamwe chete nehutano hwese.
• Kuongororwa nachiremba nguva dzose: Kuongororwa ropa kwakadai sekuongororwa kweropa rose (FBC) kunogona kubatsira kuona matambudziko eropa nekukurumidza.

Yeuka, mararamiro ane hutano ndiyo kiyi yakanakisisa yekuva neropa rakanaka!

Pfupiso: Zvinhu zvekurangarira

Zvakanaka, saka tataura zvakawanda nezveropa nhasi, handiti?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ropa chinhu chinotsigira hupenyu chinotakura okisijeni nezvinovaka muviri kumasero ese ari mumuviri wedu, chinobvisa tsvina , chinotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere , uye chinoita mamwe mabasa akawanda anokosha.

Ropa rinoumbwa nemasero anonzi `Red Blood Cells` , `White Blood Cells` , uye `Platelets`, ayo anoyangarara mumvura inonzi `Plasma` . Rimwe nerimwe remasero aya rine basa raro.

Zvakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza tsika dzakanaka dzekudya, kurovedza muviri, uye kudzivisa tsika dzakaipa kuti tirambe tiine hutano hweropa redu.

Kana muine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsai nezveropa renyu, musazeza kubvunza chiremba. Kuziva nezvemuviri wenyu ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekurarama hupenyu hune hutano.

Wanzwisisa here? Ndinovimba wava kunzwisisa zviri nani nezvemvura iyi tsvuku isinganzwisisike iri kufamba mumuviri wako!

Ropa , Plasma, Masero Matsvuku eRopa, Masero Machena eRopa, Maplatelet, Hemoglobin, Mapoka eRopa