Uri munhu ane pfungwa dzakafanana here? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore!

Pamwe wakambonzwa izwi rekuti 'neurotypical' pane imwe nzvimbo. Pamwe pa internet, kana kubva kushamwari. Harisi izwi rekurapa rinoshandiswa kakawanda navanachiremba vedu. Asi izwi rakakosha kana tichitarisa kukura nekushanda kwehuropi hwevanhu. Muchidimbu, 'neurotypical' ndiyo nzira iyo huropi hwevanhu vazhinji pasi rose hunokura uye hunoshanda.

Chii chinonzi 'neurotypical'? Zviri nyore kwazvo!

'Neurotypical', fungidzira, ndiyo nzira iyo uropi hwevazhinji vevanhu pasi rose, kureva kuti, vanhu vanosvika 80% kusvika 85%, hunogadzirwa uye hunoshanda. Uropi hwevanhu ava hunowanzova nehunyanzvi hwakafanana, semuenzaniso, kurangarira, kugona kwemasvomhu, uye kugona kunzwisisa zvinotaurwa.

Asi chinhu chakakosha pano ndechekuti hatisi kutaura kuti kuva 'neurotypical' kwakanaka, kana kuti avo vasiri, kureva kuti, 'neurodivergent', vakaipa. Zvakafanana neruvara rwebvudzi rako, ruvara rweganda rako. Hunhu hwakasiyana kune mumwe nemumwe, kwete chimwe chinhu chinogona kuyerwa sechakanaka kana chakaipa. Tose takasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, uye ndizvo zvazviri.

Sei tisingade kushandisa izwi rekuti "zvakajairika"?

Zvino ungave uchifunga kuti, "Saka sei usingati mumwe munhu 'ane tsinga dzeuropi' pane kuti 'akajairika'?" Heino chikonzero. Hapana uropi huviri hwakafanana. Ingofunga, kune ma neuron angangoita mabhiriyoni 86 muuropi hwemunhu, masero anotaurirana kuburikidza nemagetsi nemasaini emakemikari! Kubatana kuripo pakati pema neuron aya kunonzi synapses . Kune matrillion e synapses aya muuropi hwako. Network iyi ye synapses ndiyo inokuita kuti uve zvauri, uye yakasiyana newe 100%.

Saka, kana uropi hwese hwakasiyana zvakadaro, zvakaoma kutsanangura "uropi hwakajairika," handiti? Ndosaka tichitarisa mashandiro anoita uropi tohudaidza kuti 'neurotypical', ndiyo nzira iyo uropi hwevanhu vazhinji hunoshanda nayo. Izvi hazvirevi kuti ndiyo yega nzira "yakarurama".

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu zvehupenyu zvakaita semunhu ane 'pfungwa dzakafanana'?

Semunhu ane 'neurotypical', ungangoona kuti hausi nyore kusangana nematambudziko anosangana nevanhu vane 'neurotypical' dzimwe nguva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda munharaunda medu, muzvikoro, nenzvimbo dzebasa zvakagadzirirwa kukodzera ruzhinji, kureva vanhu vane 'neurotypical'. Ngatitarisei mienzaniso mishoma:

Kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa magariro evanhu

Semunhu 'ane tsinga dzeropa', unogona kugara uchikwanisa kushamwaridzana nevamwe vanhu munharaunda pasina dambudziko guru. Hauna chido chakasimba chekunyepedzera kunge wakafanana nevamwe (izvi zvinonzi "kufukidza"). Nzanga inokugamuchira sezvauri nguva zhinji. Saka, hauwanzo kutya sekuti, "Vanhu vachandidzinga here?" "Vachandifunga zvisirizvo here?"

Basa rechikoro nedzidzo

Kazhinji, nzira yekudzidzisa zvikoro uye zvinoitwa mumakirasi zvakagadzirwa nenzira iri nyore kuti vana 'vepfungwa' vanzwisise. Saka, zvinhu zvakaita sekuramba vakatarisa pachidzidzo uye kutevera mirairo zvingasave dambudziko guru kwauri.

Semuenzaniso, kana mudzidzisi achidzidzisa chidzidzo kuchikoro, zvingave nyore kuti mwana ane pfungwa dzakafanana ateerere nguva dzose, achinzwisise, uye achipindura mibvunzo kana abvunzwa.

Kugadziriswa kwemanzwiro

Tinogara tichigamuchira ruzivo kubva kupfungwa dzedu shanu (maziso, nzeve, mhino, rurimi, ganda). Munhu 'ane tsinga dzeropa' kazhinji haawanzova nedambudziko guru nenzira iyo ruzivo urwu runogadziriswa nayo neuropi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanokwanisa kukanganwa nezvehunhuhwi, ruzha, uye kubata kusingafadzi, kana kuderedza simba razvo. Vane mukana wekuti vagare vakadzikama uye vasagumbuke zviri nyore (`(vakanyanya kushushikana)` kana `((vakanyanya kukurudzirwa)`) kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine ruzha rwakawanda.

• Fungidzira, paunenge uri mubhazi, unonzwa ruzha rwakawanda uye unofanira kufamba nepakati pevanhu vakawanda. Munhu 'ane tsinga dzeropa' anogona kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvinhu izvi osvika kwaanoenda pasina dambudziko guru.

Kushamwaridzana nevanhu uye kutaura

Patinotaura nevanhu, patinoita bhizinesi navo, pane mitemo yakawanda isingataurwi nezvavanotarisira. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakaita sekutarisa chiso chemumwe munhu paanenge achitaura, uye kupindura zvakakodzera pahurukuro yake. Vanhu 'vane tsinga dzepfungwa' vanowanzova nenguva iri nyore yekunzwisisa mitemo iyi isingataurwi yevanhu uye kuita zvinoenderana nayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutaurirana nevanhu kunogona kuva nyore kwavari.

Kuva 'nepfungwa dzakafanana' chinhu chinogara kweupenyu hwese here? Kwete zvachose!

Kwete, izvo hazvisi zvechokwadi. Munhu akazvarwa 'ane tsinga dzeuropi' anogona kuchinja mashandiro ehuropi hwake gare gare, zvichiratidza hunhu hwe'neurodivergent'. Tinozvidaidza kuti "acquired neurodivergence."

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mashandiro anoita uropi anochinja nekuda kwekukanganiswa kwahwo pane imwe nguva muhupenyu. Izvi hazvifanirwe kunge zvakaipa. Kungochinja chete.

"Kusiyana-siyana kwetsinga dzeuropi" uku kunoitika sei?

Panogona kunge paine zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zveizvi:

• Zvirwere zvehuropi zvine chekuita nezera: Semuenzaniso, zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheAlzheimer zvinoshandura mashandiro ehuropi zvachose.
• Kukuvara kwemusoro nekukuvara kweuropi: Funga nezvekurohwa nemusoro , kana kukuvara kwakakomba kweuropi (TBIs) , izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekurangarira kwenguva pfupi kana zvachose, kuoma kwekutarisa, uye shanduko dzemaitiro.
• Matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa kana zviitiko zvinoshungurudza: Mamwe matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa, semuenzanisoZvinhu zvakaita se `(Depression)` uye `(Anxiety)` zvinogona kuchinja mashandiro emakemikari uye mashandiro europi. Zvakare, mamiriro akaita se `(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD)`, inova mhinduro yekudzivirira uropi kana hwasangana nezviitiko zvakakomba zvinoshungurudza, zvinogona kuchinja mashandiro europi.

Zvisinei, dzimwe ongororo dzakawana kuti, pasina zvikonzero izvi, dzimwe nguva kashoma, uye pasina chikonzero chakajeka, munhu ane 'neurodivergent' anogona kutanga kuratidza hunhu hwe 'neurodivergent'. Asi izvozvo hazviwanzoitiki.

Vabereki 'vane tsinga dzeropa' vanogona kuva nevana 'vane tsinga dzeropa dzakasiyana-siyana' here?

Ehe, zvinogoneka zvechokwadi! Uyewo, vabereki vane tsinga dzakasiyana vanogona kuva nevana vane tsinga dzakasiyana. Izvi hazvisi zvinhu zvedivi rimwe chete.

Majini anogona kukanganisa mukana wemunhu wekusiyana-siyana kwetsinga dzeropa. Semuenzaniso, zvirwere zvakaita seAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) uye Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) zvinogona kuitika mumhuri. Zvisinei, nyanzvi hadzisati dzanzwisisa zvizere kuti vamwe vanhu vanowana sei kana kuti nei zvirwere izvi. Uye, kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuita basa, kwete majini chete. Saka, kungoti mubereki anazvo hazvirevi kuti mwana wake achazvitora nhaka.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha: uyu hausi mubvunzo wekuti "zvakanaka-zvakaipa", mutsauko chete!

Patinotaura nezve 'neurotypical' uye 'neurodivergent', zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti iyi haisi nyaya yekuti "zvakajairika" uye "zvisina kujairika," kana kuti "zvakanaka" uye "zvakaipa." Inongova musiyano. Kuva nepfungwa imwe chete chikamu chezvaari munhu, uye hazvisarudze kukosha kwake kwakazara.

Funga nezvazvo, vamwe vanhu vanonyora neruoko rwavo rwerudyi, vamwe neruoko rwavo rweruboshwe. Musiyano chete, uye haugone kutaura kuti chimwe chiri nani kana kuti chakaipa kupfuura chimwe. Zvakafanana neizvi.

Kana uri munhu ane 'neurotypical', uropi hwako hunogona kushanda zvakasiyana nehwemunhu ane 'neurodiversary'. Asi mese mune zvakawanda zvakafanana. Mese muri vanhu, uye mese munoda kurarama hupenyu hunofadza uye hune hutano.

Kutsigira 'neurodiversities' uye kugadzira nharaunda inovakodzera kunobatsira munhu wese. Tose tinofanira kuedza kuva nenzanga umo 'neurodiversities' uye 'neurotypicals' zvinogona kufara zvakaenzana.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

Zvakanaka, saka hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvaunofanira kuyeuka kubva pane zvatataura nezvazvo:

• 'Neurotypical' zvinoreva maitiro akajairika ayo uropi hwevanhu vazhinji hunokura uye hunoshanda. Haisi chirwere chekurapa.
• IzviHazvisi nyaya yekuti "zvakajairika" kana kuti "zvakanaka" kana kuti "zvakaipa." Inongova imwe yenzira dzekusiyana-siyana kweuropi hwemunhu.
• Kuva 'nepfungwa dzakafanana' kungasava chinhu chinogara kwenguva refu. "Kusiyana-siyana kwetsinga dzeuropi" kunogona kukonzera shanduko mukushanda kwehuropi hwemunhu.
• Vabereki 'vepfungwa' vanogona kuva nevana 'vepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana', uye vabereki 'vepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana' vanogona kuva nevana 'vepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana'.
• Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kunzwisisa, kugamuchira, uye kuremekedza kusiyana kwemumwe nemumwe. Tose tinofanira kutarisira nzanga inobvumira kusiyana uye inobata munhu wese zvakaenzana.

Saka, ndinofunga kuti wava kunzwisisa zviri nani izwi rekuti 'neurotypical'. Kuziva zvinhu zvakaita seizvi kunotibatsira kunzwisisana zviri nani.

` Neurotypical, Neurodiversity, Kukura kwehuropi, Uropi hwakajairika, Sisitimu yetsinga, Hutano hwepfungwa