Fungidzira kuti uri kufamba mumugwagwa wobva wangoerekana wanzwa kunhuhwirira kwakanaka, pamwe kunhuhwirira kwechingwa chitsva chinobva kuchitoro ichocho. Kunyangwe wafamba mamita mashoma uchipfuura nechitoro ichocho, kunhuhwirira kunoramba kuri mumhino dzako kwemasekonzi mashoma, handiti? Kana kunyangwe mushure mekunge mumwe munhu abata ruoko rwako obva aregedza, unogona kunzwa kudziya kwekubatwa ikoko kwechinguva. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti ndangariro yekunzwa, kana kuti ``Nyerero yekunzwa`` . Iri ndiro danho rekutanga uye rinoshamisa kwazvo muhurongwa hwedu hwekurangarira. Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi ndangariro yepfungwa?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ndangariro yepfungwa inguva pfupi zvikuru inounganidza ruzivo kubva kune zvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nepfungwa dzedu shanu (maziso, nzeve, mhino, rurimi, ganda). Izvi zvinonziwo `(Sensory Register)`.
Zvakafanana nekutora mufananidzo wepamusoro-soro ipapo ipapo uchishandisa kamera yemhando yepamusoro . Ndangariro yedu yepfungwa inobata zvese zviri munharaunda yedu munguva isingasviki sekondi. Zvadaro, kubva muhuwandu hweruzivo irworwo, tinosarudza chete zvidimbu zvatinofunga kuti "wow.. izvi zvakakosha" tozvitumira kundangariro yedu yenguva pfupi.
Hatigoni kudzora kuti ndangariro iyi inogara kwenguva yakareba sei. Inowanzo nyangarika mukati memasekonzi mashoma. Nguva pfupi iyi ndiyo inotibvumira kuramba tichiona shanduko uye zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike munzvimbo yatinogara.
Ndeapi marudzi makuru ekurangarira kwekunzwa?
Kune mhando huru shanu dzekurangarira kwemanzwiro dzine chekuita nepfungwa dzedu shanu. Uchanzwisisa izvi zviri nyore kana ukatarisa tafura.
| Rudzi rwekurangarira | Pfungwa Dzakabatana | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|---|
| Ndangariro yakakurumbira | Chiono | Mufananidzo wechinhu chaunoona unoramba uri mumaziso ako kwechinguvana. |
| Ndangariro yeEchoic | Kunzwa | Ruzha rwaunonzwa runoita maungira mumusoro mako kwemasekonzi maviri kusvika mana. |
| Ndangariro yeHaptic | Kubata | Kubatwa kwacho kunogara paganda kwemasekonzi mashoma. |
| Ndangariro inoyevedza | Ravira | Kuravira kunogara parurimi mushure mekudya. |
| Ndangariro yekunhuhwirira | Kunhuhwirira | Kunhuhwirira kunoramba kuri mumhino mushure mekunhuhwidza. |
Ngatitarisei mimwe mienzaniso kubva muhupenyu hwedu?
Aya haasi mashoko chete, asi zvinhu zvatinosangana nazvo zuva nezuva.
Ndangariro yakakurumbira
Fungidzira denga richisviba uye mheni inorova kamwe kamwe. Mushure mekunge chiedza chanyangarika, mufananidzo wemheni iyoyo unoramba uri pamberi pemaziso ako kweinenge sekondi, handiti? Ndizvo zvinonzi `(Iconic memory)`. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewekuti patinotenderedza sparkler yatinobatidza paGore Idzva, inoita kunge inodhirowa denderedzwa. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti `(Iconic memory)` yedu inoyeuka nzvimbo dziri mudenga dzakabatidzwa kwesekondi.
Ndangariro yeEchoic
Kunyangwe mushure mekunge wapedza kuteerera rwiyo rwaunofarira, mutinhimira werwiyo irworwo unoramba uchirira mumusoro mako kwemasekonzi mashoma, handiti? Ndizvo zvinoitika ne `(Echoic memory)`. Kana kuti kana mumwe munhu akakufonera, kunyangwe ukasateerera, mushure mesekonzi unofunga kuti, "Oh... ndiani akandifonera?" Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mutinhimira unogara muuropi hwako kwemasekonzi mashoma.
Ndangariro yeHaptic
Mushure mekunge mumwe munhu abata ruoko rwako zvakasimba obva aruregedza, ruoko rwako ruchiri kunzwa kubatwa, kumanikidzwa, kwenguva yakati. Kana kunyangwe mushure mekubata jira rakapwanyika, zvigunwe zvako zvichiri kunzwa kuomarara. Izvi zvinonzi `(Haptic memory)`.
Ndangariro dzinofadza uye dzinonhuhwirira
Izvi zviviri zvinowanzo shanda pamwe chete. Kunhuhwirira kunogara mumuromo mushure mekudya mupunga une munyu nemhiripiri zvakarungwa zvakanaka, kana kutapira kunogara parurimi mushure mekudya milk toffee mienzaniso ye `(Gustatory memory). Saizvozvowo, kana kunhuhwirira kwechingwa paunopfuura nepabhekari, kana kunhuhwirira kwezvinonhuwira kuchinamatira paunopfuura nepatembere, kuchiramba mumhino dzako kunyangwe mushure mekunge wapfuura panzvimbo iyoyo, iro ndiro basa re `(Olfactory memory).`
Iyi ndangariro yemanzwiro inoshanda sei?
Maitiro aya anokurumidza zvikuru. Anoitika mumatanho mashoma:
1. Kunzwa chimwe chinhu: Kutanga, unonzwa chimwe chinhu kuburikidza nepfungwa dzako shanu. Semuenzaniso, unoona ruva rakanaka.
2. Chikamu chakakosha cheuropi chinobatidzwa: Paunongoona ruva, chikamu cheuropi chinoita kuti munhu aone (sensory cortex) chinobatidzwa ipapo ipapo. Zvakafanana nekubatidza girobhu remwenje.
3. Uropi hunosarudza zvakakosha: Zvadaro, uropi hwako hunosarudza munguva isingasviki sekondi kana zvawaona zvakakosha kana kwete. "Oh... ruva iri rakanaka kwazvo, ndinofanira kurangarira izvi" kana kuti "Izvi zvinongoitika zvisina tsarukano." Uropi hunosarudza.
4. Kusarudzwa kunotumirwa kundangariro yenguva pfupi: Ruzivo rwakasarudzwa serwakakosha chete ndirwo runotumirwa kunhanho inotevera yekurangarira, ndangariro yenguva pfupi . Uropi hunorasa rumwe ruzivo rwese rusina basa.
Zvakakosha kubvisa zvinhu zvisina basa zvakaita seizvi. Zvikasadaro, kana tikaedza kurangarira zvese zvatinoona, zvatinonzwa, uye zvatinonzwa, pfungwa dzedu dzicharemerwa uye hatizokwanisi kuita chero chinhu nemazvo.
Ngatidzidzeiwo nezve kugona uye nguva yekurangarira kwemanzwiro.
Ruzivo rwakawanda sei rwaunogona kuyeuka? (Kugona)
Kugona kwekurangarira zvinhu kwakakura zvikuru . Izvi zvinodaro nekuti tinoshandisa pfungwa dzedu dzakasiyana panguva imwe chete.
Fungidzira nguva yawaidya zvakanaka.
- Unoona ruvara rwemupunga nekarry nemaziso ako .
- Ndinonhuhwidza kari yega yega nemhino dzangu .
- Rurimi runonzwa kuravira kwakadai sekuvava, kuvava, kutapira, uye kunorwadza.
- Unogona kunzwa magadzirirwo ezvinhu zvakaita semupunga nehove kuburikidza neganda (mukati memuromo) .
- Unogona kunzwa ruzha rwekuti "kuchema" kunobva pakudya papadam nenzeve yako .
Ndangariro yedu yepfungwa inogona kuchengeta ruzivo urwu rwese panguva imwe chete. Ndizvo zvinoita kuti ruve nesimba guru.
Ruzivo urwu runochengetwa kwenguva yakareba sei? (Nguva yacho)
Kunyange zvazvo kugona kwayo kukuru, ruzivo runochengetwa mundangariro yepfungwa kwenguva pfupi zvikuru.Kazhinji masekondi 0.2 chete kusvika kumasekonzi 2-4. Nguva iyi inosiyana zvichienderana nepfungwa yega yega. Semuenzaniso, ndangariro yekuona `(Iconic)` inogara isingasviki sekondi imwe chete, nepo ndangariro yeauditory `(Echoic)` inogona kugara masekondi angangoita mana.
Chikonzero nei izvi zviri zvipfupi ndechekuti uropi hwedu hugone kugamuchira manzwiro matsva anouya kwatiri sekondi yega yega.
Ndezvipi zvikamu zveuropi zvinobatanidzwa mune izvi?
Maitiro aya, anonzi ndangariro yepfungwa, anosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana zveuropi. Pfungwa imwe neimwe ine nzira yayo yakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, paunonzwa ruzha, ruzha irworwo runoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chinofamba nemutsinga kuenda kuuropi. Chinotanga kufamba nepakati petsinga dzozoenda kuthalamus, chikamu cheuropi chiri pakati peuropi. Thalamus ndiyo nzvimbo inotungamira ruzivo kunzvimbo chaiyo. Kubva ipapo, chiratidzo chenzwi chinotumirwa kuchikamu cheuropi chinonyanya kukosha pakunzwa.
Hukama uhwu hunogona kuonekwa zvakajeka mutafura iri pazasi.
| Rudzi rwekurangarira rwepfungwa | Nzvimbo yeUropi Yakabatana |
|---|---|
| Kunzwa (Ndangariro yeEchoic) | Auditory cortex, iri mu temporal lobe |
| Ndangariro yeHaptic | Somatosensory cortex, iri mu parietal lobe |
| Kuravira (Ndangariro yeGustatory) | Primary gustatory cortex, iri pakati pefrontal ne insular lobes |
| Ndangariro yakakurumbira | Chikamu chekutanga chekuona, chiri mu occipital lobe - kumashure kweuropi |
| Ndangariro yekunhuhwirira | Babu remushonga wekunhuhwirira riri pasi peuropi, muchikamu chepamberi. |
Nzvimbo idzi, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi, ndidzo chaizvo dzinoita basa iri rinoshamisa rinonzi ndangariro yepfungwa.
Unofanira kungwarira nezvepfungwa dzinonzwa here?
Kuyeuka kwepfungwa chikamu chemuviri wedu. Saka, sezvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, kunogona kukuvara kana kurasikirwa nebasa rayo nekuda kwemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Kunogona kuchinja nekuda kwekukwegura, mamwe mamiriro etsinga, kana kukuvara kweuropi.
Kana uine zvinokunetsa kana mibvunzo nezvendangariro yako, kunyanya kugona kwako kurangarira zvinhu, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekutaura nachiremba wemhuri yako. Iye anogona kukuongorora uye kukutumira kuna nyanzvi kuti uwane rumwe rubatsiro kana zvichidikanwa.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Ndangariro yekunzwa muunganidzwa weruzivo nezvezvakatipoteredza rwatinogamuchira kubva kumanzwiro edu mashanu kwemasekondi mashoma.
- Kune mhando huru shanu dzeizvi: kuona (Iconic), kunzwa (Echoic), kubata (Haptic), kuravira (Gustatory), uye kunhuwidza (Olfactory).
- Kunyangwe simba rendangariro iyi rakakura kwazvo, ruzivo rwacho runoramba ruripo kwenguva pfupi, senge masekondi mashoma.
- Iyi ndangariro inonzwisisika inokosha kudzivirira pfungwa dzedu kuti dzisanyanya kuwanda neruzivo rusina basa uye kusarudza zvinhu zvakakosha chete tozvitumira kundangariro yenguva pfupi.
- Kana uine matambudziko kana zvinokunetsa nezvendangariro yako, usazeza kutaura nachiremba nezvazvo.
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