Fungidzira mumwe munhu anga achitambura nekuora mwoyo kwakanyanya kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Vaedza mishonga yese nekurapwa kuripo, asi hapana zororo. Vaneta nehupenyu uye havachakwanisi kumuka pasofa. Unganditenda here kana ndikakuudza kuti mushonga unonzi 'Ketamine' wakavapa mukana mutsva wekurarama? Ichi chinhu chakaitika kune vamwe vanhu. Asi shure kwenyaya yega yega yekubudirira, tinonzwawo nezvevanhu vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo nekushandisa mushonga uyu zvisirizvo. Saka, chii chaizvo chinonzi Ketamine? Inobatsira here nezvirwere zvepfungwa zvakaita sekuora mwoyo? Yakakodzera njodzi yacho here? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore uye zvakajeka.
Chii chinonzi Ketamine?
Muchidimbu, Ketamine mushonga unonyaradza marwadzo. Kureva kuti, mushonga unokonzera hope. Mushonga uyu, wakatanga kushandiswa kunyaradza mhuka muma1960, wakatenderwa neUS FDA kuti ushandiswe muvanhu muna 1970. Wakashandiswawo kurapa masoja akakuvara muHondo yeVietnam.
Semuenzaniso, kana paine dambudziko rekukurumidzira, mushure mekununura munhu aida kuzviuraya, pane dzimwe nguva apo mushonga uyu unopihwa muamburenzi kudzora kusagadzikana kwavo. Zvakaitika nekuda kwezviitiko zvakaita seizvi kuti vanachiremba vakatanga kunzwisisa simba rawo pakurwisa kuora mwoyo. Fungidzira, mushure mekupa Ketamine kumunhu aida kusvetuka kubva pabhiriji ndokumunyaradza, mwedzi inenge mipfumbamwe gare gare anoti, "Handina kumbofunga nezvekuzviuraya mumwedzi mipfumbamwe." Sezvo nyaya dzakawanda dzakadai dzichiwanda, vanachiremba vakafunga kuti, "Pamwe pane chimwe chinhu pane izvi."
Asi pane divi rakaipa pane izvi. Ketamine mushonga unoshandiswa nevamwe vanhu kuti vadhakwe. Vamwe vanoudaidza kuti 'Special K', 'Super K'. Unobayiwa jekiseni, wowedzerwa muzvinwiwa, uye unoshandiswa mufodya.
Ketamine inogona kukonzera kunzwa kwekanguva kwekusakosha, kuona zvinhu zvisina kunaka uye manzwiro, kunzwa kusinganzwisisike nezvemuviri wako, pfungwa dzisingawanzoitika, uye kufara. Vanachiremba vanoti izvi 'chiitiko chekusabatana'.
Chiitiko ichi chinotora maawa maviri. Chinofanira kutorwa chete pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chine njodzi dzakakomba dzakadai sekurasikirwa nepfungwa, BP, uye kufema zvishoma nezvishoma . Kana chikashandiswa zvisirizvo, chinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko enguva refu akadai sematambudziko edundira uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.
Ndingawana sei kurapwa kweKetamine?
Parizvino, mushonga wega wekuora mwoyo unotenderwa neFDA ipfapfaidzo yemhino yakagadzirwa neketamine inonzi Esketamine. Inopihwa mukiriniki ine certification chete kuvanhu vane chirwere chekuora mwoyo chisingarapike asi vasina kupindura mimwe mishonga miviri yekuora mwoyo. Mushure mekunge murwere apihwa spray, anotariswa nevashandi vekurapa kwemaawa maviri.
Dzimwe nzira, dzakadai se intravenous (IV) Ketamine, hadzisati dzatenderwa neFDA kurapwa kwepfungwa. Zvisinei, vanachiremba vari kushandisa nzira iyi vachitarisirwa nachiremba, zvichibva padata rekutsvaga, kune vanhu vasina kugamuchira mimwe mishonga.
- Kurapwa: Varwere vanowanzopihwa majekiseni matanhatu emutsinga mukati memavhiki matatu.
- Chipimo: Chipimo chinofanira kusarudzwa nemazvo, sezvo paine mhando shoma dzemadosi anoshanda pakuderedza kushungurudzika asi kwete pakuderedza kurwadziwa.
- Kutarisirwa: Chiremba achavapo kwemaminitsi makumi mana ekushandisa mushonga wemutsinga uye zvichipfuura. Vachave vakagadzirira kubatsira nekukasika kana murwere akasangana nekusagadzikana kana kuvhiringidzika.
Zvinonzwa sei panguva yekurapwa?
Vanhu vakagamuchira kurapwa uku vanotsanangura chiitiko ichi nenzira dzakasiyana. Mukadzi anonzi Krista, uyo akatambura nekuora mwoyo nekuzvidya mwoyo kubvira achiri mudiki, akazova nePTSD nekurwadziwa kusingaperi. Anoti asati arapwa Ketamine, zvirwere izvi zvaitonga hupenyu hwake.
"Panguva yekurapwa, ndakanzwa sekunge ndiri parwendo rwemweya. Ndakanzwa kudziya, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuva nechivimbo. Ndakanzwa sekunge mutoro wese waiva mupfungwa dzangu waibviswa pamusoro nepamusoro. Ndakanzwa sekunge ndine simba rezvinhu zvose zviri muchanza changu."
Jeff, munhu watakataura naye pakutanga, akatsanangura zvakaitika kwaari seizvi: "Zvaiita sekunge ndiri kushambira mudziva remvura. Ndiyo nguva yekutanga yandakanzwisisa zvinoreva izwi rekuti 'nzvimbo inofadza'. Zvese zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwangu chaihwo zvakanyangarika, uye handina kunzwa mutoro wandaitakura kwese kwese."
Mushure mekurapwa, sezvo migumisiro yeKetamine ichipera, mamwe makiriniki anopawo hurukuro nemurwere kuti amubatsire kubatanidza zvavakadzidza kubva pane zvakaitika muhupenyu hwake. Izvi zvinopa murwere mukana wekutaura nezvematambudziko ekare nemarwadzo.
Ketamine inokanganisa sei uropi?
Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti hachisi 'chiitiko chekusawirirana' chaunowana panguva yekurapwa chinokuzorodza kubva pakuora mwoyo. Kurerukirwa ikoko kunouya mushure mezvo. Kureva kuti, maitiro anoita uropi hwako mushure mekunwa Ketamine ndiwo mushonga.
Ingozvifunga seizvi:
Muvanhu vane kuora mwoyo kwakanyanya kwenguva refu, mamwe ematanho akakosha ekubatanidza (synapses) anotumira mameseji pakati pemasero etsinga muuropi anorasika. Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutora ketamine yekutanga, matanho aya akarasika anotanga kukura zvakare. Kuwanda kwematanho aya ekubatanidza, ndiko kuwedzera kwekurerukirwa kubva mukuora mwoyo.
Nemamwe mashoko, masero etsinga ari muuropi hwedu anobatanidzwa mumanzwiro edu anoshandisa kemikari inonzi ``glutamate`` kuti vataurirane. Vamwe vanhu vane kuora mwoyo vane mareceptor asina simba muuropi hwavo anopindura ku ``glutamate`. Ketamine inoshanda nekuvakazve mareceptor aya uye kubatsira masero etsinga kutaurirana zvakanaka zvakare.
Kana kubatana kweuropi kuchigadziriswa nenzira iyi, kunyange mishonga yekuora mwoyo kana yekurapa pfungwa yaisashanda kare inogona kutanga kushanda.
Ndezvipi migumisiro nenjodzi zvirimo?
Kunyangwe ikashandiswa pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba, Ketamine inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa.
| Rudzi rwemhedzisiro yakaipa | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Migumisiro yenguva pfupi (panguva yekurapwa) | Kurara, kuda kurutsa, kuwedzera zvishoma kweBP, dzungu, uye 'kusangana nematambudziko akasiyana' (kunzwa sekunge zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike/zvisiri zvechokwadi). |
| Migumisiro yenguva refu (kubva pakushandisa zvisina kunaka uye kunyanyisa) |
|
Njodzi yekupindwa muropa
Ehe, Ketamine mushonga unogona kupindwa muropa. Asi vanachiremba vanoti kana ukarapwa uchitarisirwa nachiremba uye uchitevedzera nzira dzakakodzera, njodzi yekupindwa muropa ishoma kwazvo. Njodzi inouya kana mumwe munhu akatanga kuishandisa iye pachake asina kupiwa mazano nachiremba.
Zvakakosha: Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva aine emergency inosanganisira Ketamine kana mimwe mishonga, enda kuchipatara chiri pedyo neEmergency Department (ETU) . Kana uchida mazano pamusoro pechepfu, fonera National Poisons Information Centre kuColombo National Hospital .
Izvi hazvina kukodzera ani?
Kurapwa neKetamine kungasakodzera vanhu vane nhoroondo yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kunaka uye vane zvirwere zvepfungwa zvakaita seschizophrenia. Vanhu vane bipolar disorder vanofanirawo kungwarira zvikuru, sezvo Ketamine isingawanzo kukonzera manic episode. Izvi zvinofanira kusarudzwa nachiremba wako.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Ketamine haisi mushonga unowanzo shandiswa pakuderedza kushushikana kwepfungwa. Mushonga une simba guru uye unonyaradza marwadzo.
- Kurapa uku kunofanira kushandiswa chete pasi pekutarisirwa kwakasimba kwechiremba kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sekuora mwoyo kwakanyanya, asina kupindura kune mamwe marapirwo.
- Kushandisa ketamine pakuzvivaraidza kana kuzvivaraidza kune njodzi huru. Kunogona kukonzera kupindwa muropa, kurwara zvakanyanya mumuviri nepfungwa, uye kutofa.
- Esketamine (mushonga wekupfapfaidza mumhino) ndiyo yega nzira yekurapa inotenderwa neFDA parizvino, uye inongopihwa mumakiriniki ane magwaro epamutemo.
- Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva ari kutambura nekuora mwoyo kwakanyanya, usasarudza kurapwa kweKetamine wega, asi iva nechokwadi chekukurukura izvi zvakadzama nachiremba wako uye unzwisise zvese zvakanakira nezvakaipira.
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