Kajeno re tlo bua ka karolo ea bohlokoa haholo, empa e sa tsejoeng hakaalo ea 'mele ea rona. Ena ke setho se makatsang se bitsoang Hypothalamus, se ka hare ho boko ba rona, se sebetsang joaloka 'tsamaiso e bohlale ea taolo' ea 'mele ea rona. Ak'u nahane hore na 'mele ea rona e ka ba moferefere o mokae ntle le karolo ena e nyenyane!
Hypothalamus ke eng? E etsa eng?
Ka bokhutšoanyane, hypothalamus ke karolo e nyane, empa e matla haholo, ea boko ba hao e sireletsehileng haholo. E ka ba boholo ba cashew nut. Ke borokho bo boholo pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea hao ea endocrine , e leng tsamaiso e hlahisang lihormone, le tsamaiso ea hao ea methapo .
Ak'u nahane u na le 'tsamaiso ea lehae e bohlale' ka tlung ea hau. E laola ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ka tlung ka bo eona, ho kenyeletsoa mabone, lifene, AC le tšireletso, na ha ho joalo? Ka tsela e tšoanang, hypothalamus e tšoana le setsi sa 'taolo e bohlale' sa 'mele ea rona. Ke sona se thusang ho boloka ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe 'meleng e leka-lekane le ka tsela e nepahetseng. Bongaka, re bitsa sena ho leka-lekana (Homeostasis) .
Jwale sheba dintho tseo a di laolang:
- Thempereichara ea 'mele oa hau
- Khatello ea mali
- Tlala le lenyora
- Ho ikutloa u khotše ka mor'a ho ja
- Maikutlo a hau
- Takatso ea thobalano
- Boroko
Hypothalamus e sebetsa ka litsela tse peli ho boloka tsena tsohle li sebetsa hantle. E 'ngoe ke ka ho susumetsa ka ho toba tsamaiso ea methapo e ikemetseng . Sena ke sona se laolang lintho tseo re sa li laoleng ka boomo, joalo ka sekhahla sa pelo ea rona le ho hema. E 'ngoe ke ka ho laola lihormone . Lihormone li tšoana le manģosa a 'mele ea rona. Li tsamaea ka mali 'me li isa melaetsa lithong tse fapaneng. Hypothalamus e etsa lihormone tse ling 'me e li boloka ka har'a posterior pituitary . E boetse e romela matšoao (lihormone) ho pituitary gland . Matšoao ana a etsa hore pituitary gland e lokolle lihormone tse amang karolo ea 'mele ka kotloloho, kapa li romela letšoao ho tšoelesa e 'ngoe, ebe e ntša lihormone.
Kamano ke efe pakeng tsa hypothalamus le tšoelesa ea pituitary?
Tšoelesa ea pituitary e ka tlase ho hypothalamus. Tse peli li sebetsa haufi-ufi haholo. Tšoelesa ea pituitary e na le likarolo tse peli tse kholo: anterior pituitary le posterior pituitary . Hypothalamus e buisana le likarolo tsena tse peli ka tsela e ikhethang.
E hokahantsoe le pituitary e ka pele ka marangrang a methapo ea mali. E hokahantsoe le pituitary e ka morao ka lisele tse bitsoang kutu ea pituitary. Hypothalamus e romela matšoao ho pituitary gland ka mokhoa oa ho lokolla lihormone, e e bolella hore e lokolle hormone ena.
Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa le Anterior Pituitary
Tšoelesa ea pituitary ea anterior e ntša lihormone tse fapaneng ho latela matšoao a tsoang hypothalamus. Tse ling tsa lihormone tsena li ama likarolo tsa 'mele ka ho toba, ha tse ling li susumetsa litšoelesa tse ling ho lokolla lihormone tse ling. Sena se ka utloahala se le thata, empa ha e le hantle ke karabelo ea ketane. Mohlala, hormone ea kholo le hormone e susumetsang thyroid li laoloa ka tsela ena.
Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa le Posterior Pituitary
Mona, ho etsahala ntho e fapaneng hanyane. Hypothalamus ka boeona e etsa lihormone tse peli, empa li bolokoa ka har'a pituitary e ka morao. Ha ho hlokahala, hypothalamus e romela lets'oao la ho lokolla lihormone tsena maling. Lihormone tsena tse peli ke:
- Oxytocin: Ena ke hormone e ikhethang haholo. E thusa ho honyela mesifa ea popelo nakong ea pelehi le ho hlasimolla lebese le theohileng nakong ea ho anyesa. Ho nahanoa hore e boetse e ameha ho tlamahaneng, ho tsosetsoa thobalano, ho tšepana, ho lemoha, lipotolohong tsa boroko le maikutlong a thabo.
- Vasopressin: E boetse e bitsoa antidiuretic hormone (ADH) , hormone ena e laola bongata ba metsi 'meleng, e leng se bolelang hore na moroto o tsoa bokae, le khatello ea mali.
Mesebetsi e meng ea hypothalamus ke efe?
Ntle le lihormone tse boletsoeng pejana, hypothalamus e hlahisa lihormone tse ling tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa.
- Dopamine: Ena ke 'hormone ea maikutlo a monate'. Ke eona e re etsang hore re ikutloe re thabile re bile re khotsofetse. Ke eona e re fang khothatso ea ho etsa ho hong. Dopamine e boetse e etsa ho hong ho fapaneng, ke ho bolella tšoelesa ea pituitary hore e khaotse ho lokolla hormone e bitsoang prolactin .
- Somatostatin: Hormone ena e thibela ho lokolloa ha lihormone tse ling tse 'maloa. Mohlala, e emisa ho lokolloa ha lihormone tse kang hormone ea kholo , hormone e susumetsang thyroid , cholecystokinin, le insulin . Ho makatsang ke hore lihormone tsena li boetse li laola tlhahiso ea somatostatin.
Ho phaella moo, hypothalamus ka boeona e lokisa ho se leka-lekane hofe kapa hofe linthong tse kang liphetoho tsa mocheso oa 'mele, khatello ea maikutlo le merethetho ea rona ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea' mele.
Hypothalamus e hokae?
Ke boletse pele, e ka ba boholo ba nate ea cashew. Hypothalamus e fumaneha botlaaseng ba boko ba hao, ka tlase ho thalamus le ka holimo ho pituitary gland. Ha e le hantle, e fumaneha ka ho toba ka holim'a kutu ea boko.
Ho etsahala'ng haeba hypothalamus e senyehile?
Haeba hypothalamus e senyehile ka tsela e itseng, e ke ke ea etsa mosebetsi oa eona hantle. Re bitsa boemo bona ho se sebetse hantle ha hypothalamic . Ho ka ba le mabaka a mangata a sena.
Lintho tse ka bakang ho se sebetse hantle ha hypothalamus:
- Likotsi tsa hlooho, mohlala , kotsi e bohloko ea boko .
- Tšoaetso ea boko.
- Lihlahala tsa boko kapa li-aneurysm tsa boko tse hlahang kahare kapa haufi le hypothalamus.
- Ho theola boima ba 'mele ho feteletseng ka lebaka la mathata a ho ja, a kang bulimia kapa anorexia .
- Ho buuoa boko.
- Kalafo ea mahlaseli le chemotherapy .
- Liphoso tsa tsoalo / Maemo a tlhaho a amang boko kapa hypothalamus.
- Mafu a ho ruruha, mohlala , multiple sclerosis le neurosarcoidosis .
- Mafu a mang a lefutso, mohlala , khaello ea lihormone tsa kholo .
Maemo a ka bakoang ke ho se sebetse hantle ha hypothalamus:
Mafu a fapaneng a ka hlaha ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle ha hypothalamus. Kaha hypothalamus le tšoelesa ea pituitary li sebetsa haufi-ufi, maemo a amang e 'ngoe ea tsena tse peli a boetse a bitsoa mathata a hypothalamic-pituitary .
- Hypopituitarism: Sena se ka bakoa ke tshenyo ho pituitary gland kapa hypothalamus.
- Lefu la tsoekere: Boemo bona bo etsahala ha hypothalamus e sa hlahise hormone ea vasopressin (ADH) hantle. Sena se etsa hore liphio li ntše metsi a mangata haholo, e leng se bakang ho ntša metsi a mangata le lenyora le feteletseng.
- Prader-Willi syndrome: Ena ke lefu la lefutso. Boemong bona, hypothalamus ha e utloe hantle ha mpa e khotše ka mor'a ho ja. Ka lebaka leo, ho ba le takatso ea ho ja khafetsa 'me ho na le kotsi ea botenya.
- Kallmann syndrome: Ena ke boemo bo amanang le lefutso le mafu a hypothalamus. Sena se ka baka ho lieha kapa ho ba sieo ha bocha ho bana.
- Acromegaly le pituitary gigantism: Tsena ke mathata a sa tloaelehang a kgolo a bakwang ke ho lokollwa ho feteletseng ha hormone ya kgolo ho tswa ho pituitary gland.
- Matšoao a hormone e sa lokelang ea antidiuretic (SIADH): Sena se etsahala ha boemo ba hormone ea antidiuretic (ADH) bo le holimo haholo. E ka bakoa ke stroke, ho tsoa mali, tšoaetso, likotsi, kankere le meriana e meng.
- Hypothyroidism e bohareng: Ena ke boemo bo sa tloaelehang bo bakoang ke mathata a hypothalamic le pituitary. Sesosa se seholo ke hlahala ea pituitary, mohlala, adenoma ea pituitary .
- Ho se lekane ha ho ilela khoeli ka tsela e tloaelehileng: Boemo bona bo khetholloa ka ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli ka nako e fetang likhoeli tse tharo ho mosali ea neng a e-na le khoeli e tloaelehileng pele, kapa ka nako e fetang likhoeli tse tšeletseng ho mosali ea neng a e-na le khoeli e sa tloaelehang. Lebaka le ka sehloohong la sena ke ho se sebetse hantle ha hypothalamic.
- Hyperprolactinemia: Sena se bakoa ke ho fokotseha ha maemo a dopamine, e leng se lebisang ho keketseho ea maemo a prolactin. Sena se ka bakoa ke lihlahala kapa tšenyo ea lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo ka har'a hypothalamus.
Matšoao a ho se sebetse hantle ha hypothalamic ke afe?
Matšoao a ho se sebetse hantle ha hypothalamic a itshetlehile ka mofuta wa hormone e amehileng le hore na maemo a hormone eo a tlase kapa a hodimo. Haeba ho na le bothata ka hypothalamus, o ka nna wa bona a mang a matshwao ana:
- Khatello e phahameng ea mali kapa khatello e tlase ea mali
- Ho boloka metsi kapa ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng
- Ho theola boima ba 'mele kapa ho eketsa boima ba 'mele, ka phetoho ea takatso ea lijo kapa ntle le eona
- Ho hloka thari
- Bophelo bo bobe ba masapo
- Ho lieha ho kena bohlankaneng
- Ho senyeha ha mesifa le bofokoli
- Liphetoho tse etsahalang khafetsa mochesong oa 'mele
- Ho hlobaela
- Ho hloka ho ntša metsi khafetsa
Qetellong, lintho tseo u lokelang ho li hopola
Hypothalamus e bokong ba hao e tšoana le setsi sa 'taolo e bohlale' ea 'mele. Feela joaloka tsamaiso ea taolo e iketsang lapeng la hao, hypothalamus e laola mesebetsi ea 'mele.
E ama ka ho toba tsamaiso ea hau ea methapo e ikemetseng, e laola lintho tse kang sekhahla sa pelo, khatello ea mali le mocheso oa 'mele hantle. E boetse e lokolla lihormone 'me e laela lihormone kapa litšoelesa tse ling ho laola boroko, maikutlo, kholo ea mesifa le masapo, le takatso ea thobalano, har'a lintho tse ling.
Maemo a fapaneng a amang hypothalamus a ka baka mathata a mangata a bophelo bo botle. Kahoo haeba u na le matšoao ana, ho bohlokoa ho batla keletso ea bongaka. Hopola hore ho tsebisoa ka tlhahisoleseling ena e ka ba thuso e kholo ho hlokomeleng bophelo ba hau!
Hypothalamus , boko, lihormone, tšoelesa ea pituitary, tsamaiso ea endocrine, tsamaiso ea methapo, matšoao
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