A re ithuteng feela ka manģosa a manyenyane 'meleng ea rona: (Li-Neurotransmitter)?

U phela joang? Ka linako tse ling u ikutloa u thabile haholo, 'me ka linako tse ling u ikutloa u hloname kapa u halefile, na ha ho joalo? Kapa na u kile ua sala u itlhokomela ka mor'a ho lebala ntho eo u ithutileng eona ka thata tlhahlobong? Tsena tsohle li bakoa ke manģosa a manyenyane empa a bohlokoa haholo a sebetsang ka hare ho 'mele ea rona. Re tla bua ka bona kajeno.

Tsena ke life (Li-Neurotransmitter)?

Ka bokhutšoanyane, li-neurotransmitters ke mofuta oa lenģosa la lik'hemik'hale leo 'mele ea rona e le hlokang . Li tšoana le bashanyana ba banyenyane ba sebetsang posong ea 'mele ea rona. Mosebetsi oa bona ke ho jara matšoao a lik'hemik'hale, kapa melaetsa, ho tloha seleng e 'ngoe ea methapo (neuron) ho ea seleng e latelang e reretsoeng. Sele ena e reretsoeng e ka ba sele e 'ngoe ea methapo, kapa e ka ba sele ea mesifa kapa tšoelesa.

'Mele ea rona e koahetsoe ke marang-rang a methapo ea kutlo. Re bitsa sena tsamaiso ea kutlo . E tšoana le marang-rang a lithapo tsa motlakase tse tsamaeang naheng ka bophara. Tsamaiso ena ea kutlo e romela le ho amohela matšoao a motlakase ho ea le ho tsoa karolong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea 'mele ea rona. Ha e laole feela seo u se nahanang, kamoo u ikutloang kateng, kamoo mesifa ea hau e tsamaeang kateng, empa hape le kamoo litho tsa hau li sebetsang kateng. Ka mantsoe a mang, methapo ena e ameha nthong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe eo u e etsang, eo u e nahanang le eo u e utloang. Lisele tsa rona tsa kutlo li amohela le ho romela tlhahisoleseling ho tsoa 'meleng oohle. Phapanyetsano ena e sa khaotseng ea tlhahisoleseling ke eona e thusang ho boloka 'mele o sebetsa hantle.

Methapo le li-neurotransmitter li laola eng 'meleng ea rona?

Jwale sheba hore na manģosa ana a manyane a ameha dinthong tse kae:

• E laola sekhahla sa pelo ea hao le khatello ea mali .
• E o thusa ho hema .
• Hape li etsa hore metsamao ea mesifa e sebetse hantle.
• Li na le tšusumetso e kholo mehopolong ea hau, mohopolong oa hau, thutong ea hau le maikutlong a hau . Nahana ka hona, ka linako tse ling re ikutloa re thabile haholo, ka linako tse ling re ikutloa re hloname, re tšohile. Ba ameha ho tsena tsohle.
• E boetse e laola lits'ebetso tsa boroko, pholiso ea maqeba le botsofali .
• Ke bona ba etsang qeto ea karabelo ea khatello ea maikutlo . Batho bana ba thusa ka tsela eo 'mele o arabelang ka eona ha motho a tšohile kapa a tšoenyehile.
• E laola lihormone .
• E laola tshilo ea lijo, tlala le lenyora .
• Ke bona ba arabelang kutlong ea rona e mehlano (pono, kutlo, kutlo, ho ama le ho latsoa).

Li-neurotransmitter li sebetsa joang?

Ho na le disele tse dibilione tsa methapo mmeleng ya rona. Ho a makatsa, na ha ho jwalo? Haeba o nka sele ya methapo, e na le dikarolo tse tharo tse kgolo:

• 'Mele oa sele: Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-neurotransmitters le bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sele ea methapo.
• Axon: Karolo e telele ea neuron e kang mohatla e tsamaisang matšoao a motlakase ho pholletsa le neuron ho ea ho axon terminal.
• Seteishene sa Axon:Mona ke moo molaetsa oo oa motlakase o fetohang molaetsa oa lik'hemik'hale. Sena se thusoa ke (Neurotransmitters). Molaetsa ona oa lik'hemik'hale o romeloa seleng e latelang ea methapo ea kutlo, sele ea mesifa, kapa tšoelesa.

Li-neurotransmitter li fumaneha qetellong ea axon ea sele ea methapo. Li bolokiloe ka har'a mekotlana e menyenyane, e nang le mabota a masesaane e bitsoang synaptic vesicles . Mokotlana o le mong o ka ba le limolek'hule tse likete tsa li-neurotransmitter. Nahana ka oona joaloka lipakete tse nyane.

Jwale, ha molaetsa kapa letshwao le tsamaya sele ya methapo, tjhaja ya motlakase letshwaong leo e etsa hore neurotransmitter e tlamelle lera la sele ya methapo, hantle qetellong ya sele. Ebe, di-neurotransmitter tse jarang molaetsa hona jwale di lokollwa ho tswa ho axon terminal. Sena se lokollwa sebakeng se senyenyane se tletseng mokelikeli pakeng tsa sele e le nngwe ya methapo le sele e latelang e rerilweng (e ka bang sele e nngwe ya methapo, sele ya mesifa, kapa tshwele). Sebaka sena se senyenyane haholo, se ka tlase ho di-nanometer tse 40 (nm). Haeba o nahana hore na sebaka sena se senyenyane hakae, thapo ya moriri wa hao e bophara ba di-nanometer tse ka bang 75,000.

Sebaka sena se senyenyane se bitsoa kopano ea synaptic . Mona ke moo li-neurotransmitter li jarang molaetsa. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa neurotransmitter o tlama ho receptor e itseng sele e reretsoeng. Feela joalokaha senotlolo se ka buloa feela ka ho se kenya ka har'a lesoba le itseng la senotlolo. Hang ha se tlamiloe, neurotransmitter e baka phetoho kapa ketso sele e reretsoeng. Mohlala, e ka etsa hore sele e 'ngoe ea methapo e ntše lets'oao la motlakase, mesifa e honyele, kapa tšoelesa e lokolle hormone.

Ke molaetsa oa mofuta ofe oo li-neurotransmitter li o romelang sele e reretsoeng?

Baromuwa bana, kapa di-neurotransmitter, ba etsa e 'ngoe ea liketso tse tharo tse kholo ka melaetsa ea bona, ho latela mofuta oa neurotransmitter e amehang.

• Melaetsa e hlasimollang: Mefuta ena ea li-neurotransmitter e "hlasimolla" sele ea methapo 'me e " fetisetsa molaetsa ." Ke hore, molaetsa o ea seleng e latelang. Mehlala e kenyelletsa Glutamate , Epinephrine, le Norepinephrine .
• Melaetsa e thibelang: Tsena di sebediswa ho emisa kapa ho thibela molaetsa wa dikhemikhale hore o se ke wa fetela pele. Mehlala ya di-neurotransmitter tsena e kenyeletsa gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) , glycine, le serotonin.
• Melaetsa ea ho fetola: Tsena (li-neurotransmitters) li susumetsa liphello tsa baromuoa ba bang ba lik'hemik'hale. Joalo ka "ho li fetola hanyane." Ke hore, li etsa liphetoho tse nyane tseleng eo lisele li buisanang ka eona synapse. Hape, li ama palo e kholo ea lisele tsa methapo ka nako e le 'ngoe.

Ho etsahala'ng ka li-neurotransmitters ka mor'a hore molaetsa o fanoe?

Ho lokile, jwale di-neurotransmitter di se di fane ka molaetsa wa tsona. Ho tla etsahala eng ka mora moo? Dimolekhule tsena di tlameha ho tloha sebakeng seo sa synaptic cleft (sebaka se pakeng tsa sele e le nngwe ya methapo le sele ya yona e latelang e rerilweng). Ho seng jwalo, di tla tswela pele ho romela melaetsa, na ha ho jwalo? Sena se etsahala ka ditsela tse tharo tse ka sehloohong:

• Li nyamela butle-butle (ho ata) .
• Li monngoa hape 'me li sebelisoa hape ke sele e tšoanang ea methapo e li lokolotseng (reuptake) , joalokaha eka li sebelisoa hape.
• Enzyme e ka hare ho synapse e e senya (ho senyeha) , e leng se etsang hore e se ke ea hlola e kopana le sele ea receptor hape.

Ho na le mefuta e mekae ea li-neurotransmitter?

Bo-rasaense ba se ba sibolotse bonyane mefuta e 100 ea li-neurotransmitter. 'Me ho lumeloa hore ho na le tse ling tse ngata tse lokelang ho fumanoa. Li ka aroloa ho latela mofuta oa tsona oa lik'hemik'hale. Joale ha re shebeng tse 'maloa tsa lihlopha tsa bohlokoa tseo re atisang ho utloa ka tsona, mehlala ea li-neurotransmitter tse leng tsa tsona, le mesebetsi ea tsona.

Li-amino acid (Li-neurotransmitter)

Tsena (li-neurotransmitters) li ameha mesebetsing e mengata ea tsamaiso ea rona ea methapo.

• Glutamate: Ena ke neurotransmitter e ka sehloohong tsamaisong ea rona ea methapo. E ngata haholo bokong. E bohlokoa bakeng sa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea kelello e kang ho nahana, ho ithuta le ho hopola. Ho se leka-lekane maemong a glutamate ho 'nile ha amahanngoa le lefu la Alzheimer , dementia , lefu la Parkinson le ho tšoaroa ke sethoathoa .
• Asiti ea Gamma-Aminobutyric (GABA): GABA ke neurotransmitter e ka sehloohong e thibelang boko tsamaisong ea rona ea methapo, haholo-holo bokong. E laola ts'ebetso ea boko le ho thibela mathata a kang matšoenyeho , ho teneha, bothata ba ho tsepamisa mohopolo, ho hloka boroko, lefu la sethoathoa le khatello ea maikutlo .
• Glycine: Glycine ke neurotransmitter e ka sehloohong e thibelang lesapo la mokokotlo la rona. Glycine e ameha ts'ebetsong ea tlhahisoleseling ea kutlo, phetiso ea bohloko le taolo ea metabolism.

Li-monoamine (Li-neurotransmitter)

Tsena (Li-Neurotransmitter) li etsa mesebetsi e mengata e fapaneng tsamaisong ea rona ea methapo, haholo-holo bokong. Li laola temoho, temoho, tlhokomelo le maikutlo. Mathata a mangata a tsamaiso ea methapo a amana le lintho tse sa tloaelehang ho li-monoamine tsena (Li-Neurotransmitter). Hape, meriana e mengata eo re e sebelisang hangata e ama tsena (Li-Neurotransmitter).

• Serotonin: Serotonin ke neurotransmitter. Serotonin e thusa ho laola maikutlo a rona, mekhoa ea rona ea ho robala, thobalano, matšoenyeho, takatso ea lijo le bohloko. Mafu a amanang le ho se leka-lekane ha serotonin a kenyelletsa:Mathata a maikutlo a linako tsa selemo, matšoenyeho, khatello ea maikutlo, fibromyalgia le bohloko bo sa foleng. Meriana e phekolang maemo ana ka ho laola serotonin e bitsoa SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) le SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) .
• Histamine: Histamine e laola lintho tse kang ho falimeha, boitšoaro ba ho ja, le khothatso 'meleng. Histamine e ameha maemong a kang asma , bronchospasm, mucosal edema, le multiple sclerosis .
• Dopamine: Dopamine e ameha "tsamaisong ea meputso" ea 'mele ea rona. Sena se bolela ho ikutloa u thabile, u hlasimolohile haholo, le ho ithuta. Dopamine e boetse e thusa ka tlhokomelo, mohopolo, boroko, maikutlo le khothatso. Mafu a amanang le ho se sebetse hantle tsamaisong ea dopamine a kenyelletsa lefu la Parkinson , schizophrenia , lefu la bipolar , restless legs syndrome , le attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . Lithethefatsi tse ngata tse lemalloang (tse kang cocaine, methamphetamine, le amphetamines) li ama tsamaiso ea dopamine ka kotloloho.
• Epinephrine: Epinephrine (eo hape e bitsoang adrenaline) le norepinephrine (ho feta mona ka tlase) ke tsona tse bakang " karabelo ea 'mele ea rona ea ho loana kapa ho fofa " tšabong le khatellong ea maikutlo. Li-neurotransmitters tsena li eketsa sekhahla sa pelo ea rona, ho hema, khatello ea mali, maemo a tsoekere maling, phallo ea mali ho ea mesifa, le bokhoni ba rona ba ho tsepamisa maikutlo le ho arabela linthong tse fapaneng tse bakang khatello ea maikutlo. Epinephrine e ngata haholo e ka lebisa mathateng a bophelo bo botle joalo ka khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu la tsoekere le lefu la pelo. E le moriana, epinephrine e sebelisetsoa ho phekola anaphylaxis (karabelo e matla ea allergy), litlhaselo tsa asthma, litlhaselo tsa pelo le litšoaetso tse tebileng.
• Norepinephrine: Norepinephrine (eo hape e tsejoang e le noradrenaline) e eketsa khatello ea mali le sekhahla sa pelo. E tsebahala ka litlamorao tsa eona ho falimeheng, ho tsosoloseng, ho etsa liqeto, tlhokomelo le ho tsepamisa mohopolo. Meriana e mengata (li-stimulant le li-antidepressants) e sebetsa ka ho eketsa maemo a norepinephrine ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo maemong a kang ADHD, kapa ka ho fetola norepinephrine ho fokotsa matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo.

Li-peptide (Li-neurotransmitter)

Peptide ke mofuta oa polymer, kapa ketane, ea li-amino acid.

• Li-endorphin:Li-endorphin ke meriana ea tlhaho ea ho kokobetsa bohloko 'meleng ea rona. Li ama tsela eo re utloang bohloko ka eona. Ha li-endorphin li lokolloa, li fokotsa bohloko 'me li etsa hore motho a ikutloe a "ikutloa hantle". Maemo a tlase a li-endorphin a ka amahanngoa le fibromyalgia le mefuta e meng ea hlooho e opang.

Acetylcholine

Serotara sena sa methapo ea kutlo se etsa mosebetsi o mongata tsamaisong ea rona ea methapo e bohareng (CNS - boko le mokokotlo) le tsamaisong ea methapo e ka thoko (methapo e atolohang tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng). Acetylcholine e lokolloa methapong e mengata tsamaisong ea rona ea methapo e ikemetseng, e laolang sekhahla sa pelo, khatello ea mali le metsamao ea mala. Acetylcholine e ameha ho honyeleng ha mesifa, ho hopola, ho susumetsa, takatso ea thobalano, boroko le ho ithuta. Ho se leka-lekane maemong a acetylcholine ho amahanngoa le mathata a bophelo bo botle joalo ka lefu la Alzheimer , lefu la sethoathoa le ho tsikinyeha ha mesifa.

Mabaka a etsang hore neurotransmitter e se sebetse hantle ke afe?

Lintho tse ngata li ka tsamaea hampe 'me tsa etsa hore li-neurotransmitters li se sebetse hantle. Hangata, ho na le mathata a 'maloa a kang ana:

• Tlhahiso kapa tokollo e ngata haholo kapa e nyane haholo ea li-neurotransmitter tse le 'ngoe kapa ho feta.
• Seamoheli se ka seleng (mothapo, mesifa, kapa tšoelesa) se amohelang molaetsa ha se sebetse hantle . Ebe, esita le neurotransmitter e sebetsang hantle e ke ke ea fana ka lets'oao le nepahetseng ho sele e latelang.
• Ho ruruha le tshenyo ya lehare la synaptic di thibela di-receptor tsa sele ho fumana di-neurotransmitter tse lekaneng (mohlala: boemo bo bitswang myasthenia gravis ).
• (Li-neurotransmitter) Ho ntšoa hape ka potlako .
• Li-enzyme li fokotsa palo ea li-neurotransmitter , li fokotsa tsela eo li fetang ka eona ho ea seleng e reriloeng.

Li-neurotransmitter li ka angoa ke mathata a likarolo tse ling tsa tsamaiso ea methapo, mafu a seng a ntse a le teng, kapa meriana eo u e noang. Hape, ha li-neurotransmitter li sa sebetse hantle, mafu a ka hlaha. Mohlala:

• Ho se lekane ha acetylcholine ho ka baka tahlehelo ea mohopolo e bonoang lefung la Alzheimer's .
• Maemo a feteletseng a serotonin a ka amahanngoa le mathata a autism spectrum .
• Ho eketseha ha ts'ebetso ea glutamate kapa ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea GABA ho ka baka ho phatloha ho feteletseng ha li-neurone bokong ka tšohanyetso, ho fellang ka ho tšoaroa ke sethoathoa .
• Keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea norepinephrine le dopamine le ho se tloaelehe phetisong ea glutamate ho baka mania.E kenya letsoho boemong boo.

Meriana e ama ts'ebetso ea li-neurotransmitters joang?

Bo-rasaense ba hlokometse bohlokoa le karolo ea li-neurotransmitter tsamaisong ea rona ea methapo. Ba boetse ba hlokometse bohlokoa ba ho hlahisa meriana e ka amang baemeli bana ba lik'hemik'hale ho phekola maemo a mangata a bophelo bo botle. Meriana e mengata, haholo-holo e phekolang mafu a boko, e sebetsa ka ho ama li-neurotransmitter ka litsela tse fapaneng.

Nahana ka hona, lithethefatsi tse ling li tšoana le mapolesa a sephethephethe. Ka linako tse ling li koala litsela ho fokotsa sephethephethe, ka linako tse ling li lumella likoloi ho feta. Lithethefatsi li etsa se tšoanang le ka li-neurotransmitters.

Meriana e ka:

• Thibela enzyme e senyang neurotransmitter, e leng se lumellang hore neurotransmitter eo e ngata e fihle ho li-receptor tsa methapo.
• Mohlala: Donepezil, Galantamine, le Rivastigmine li thibela enzyme ea acetylcholinesterase, e senyang neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Meriana ena e sebelisetsoa ho tsitsisa le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mohopolo le tsebo ho batho ba nang le lefu la Alzheimer le mathata a mang a methapo ea kutlo.

• Thibela neurotransmitter ho fihla sebakeng sa eona sa receptor.
• Mohlala: Li-SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) ke sehlopha sa meriana e thibelang ho ntšoa ha serotonin liseleng tsa methapo. Meriana ena e ka thusa ho phekola khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho le maemo a mang a bophelo bo botle ba kelello.

• Thibela ho lokolloa ha neurotransmitter ho tsoa seleng ea methapo.
• Mohlala: Lithium, sethethefatsi se sebelisetsoang ho phekola mania, se sebetsa ka ho thibela ho lokolloa ha norepinephrine, ho isa bohōleng bo itseng. E sebelisetsoa ho phekola lefu la bipolar .

Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa eo u lokelang ho e hopola (Molaetsa oo u lokelang ho o isa hae)

Kahoo, mohlomong ua utloisisa hore li-neurotransmitter ke li-neurotransmitter tse nyane tsa bohlokoa tse amehang hoo e batlang e le mosebetsing o mong le o mong 'meleng oa rona. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, ke li-neurotransmitter tsa lik'hemik'hale tse tsamaisang molaetsa oa mothapo ho tloha seleng e 'ngoe ea mothapo ho ea ho e 'ngoe. Ntle le li-neurotransmitter, 'mele ea rona e ke ke ea sebetsa.

Ho ba le neurotransmitter e ngata haholo kapa e fokolang haholo ho ka lebisa mathateng a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle. Meriana e mengata eo re e noang e sebetsa ho eketsa kapa ho fokotsa bongata kapa ts'ebetso ea li-neurotransmitter tsena.

Kahoo haeba o na le bothata ba kelello, mathata a ho hopola, ho hloka boroko, kapa haeba o hlokomela phetoho boitšoarong ba hao, o se ke wa tsilatsila ho bua le ngaka. E ka 'na eaba e bakoa ke phetoho ts'ebetsong ea tsena (li-neurotransmitters). Ho na le mekhoa e loketseng ea phekolo bakeng sa seo.

Ke tšepa hore ho tseba manģosa ana a makatsang a lik'hemik'hale 'meleng oa hau ho tla u thusa ho utloisisa bophelo ba hau hamolemo!

Li - neurotransmitter, boko, tsamaiso ea methapo, manģosa a lik'hemik'hale, bophelo bo botle ba kelello, maikutlo