Intlungu ehlala ixesha elide nasemva kwe-shingles? Ingaba yi-postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba wakha waba ne-shingles? Okanye wakha wambona umntu omaziyo enesifo sayo? Ukulunywa yinyoka yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ukulunywa yinyoka kuphelile, intlungu ingaqhubeka ibuya. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje, i-Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN). Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)? Ivakala njani?

Ngamafutshane, i-postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) yingxaki ye-shingles. Ungakhumbula ukuba i-shingles ibangelwa kukuphinda isebenze kwentsholongwane efanayo ebangela i-chickenpox, i-Varicella-zoster virus. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Herpes Zoster.

Xa kulunywa yinyoka, kuvela irhashalala ebuhlungu efana ne-blister kwelinye icala lomzimba, ingakumbi esifubeni okanye esiswini. Njengoko irhashalala yoma ngokuhamba kwexesha, intlungu iya kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, intlungu kwindawo yokulunywa isenokuqhubeka. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'PHN', intlungu ehlala ikhona nasemva kokuba ukulunywa yinyoka kupholile.

Ngoko ke le ntlungu ye-'PHN' ivakala njani?

Uza kuva iintlungu kwindawo enye apho ulunywe yinyoka khona. Le ntlungu isenokuba yinto engapheliyo, okanye isenokuza ize idlule. Abanye abantu bathi ivakala ngathi kukutsha, ukuhlaba, okanye intlungu ebukhali evela ngaphakathi . Abanye (abangaqhelanga) banokuziva ukurhawuzelelwa okanye ukurhawuzelelwa kuloo ndawo.

I-PHN inokuhlala ixesha elingakanani? Ngubani onokuba nayo?

Intlungu ye-PHN inokuhlala iiveki, iinyanga, kwaneminyaka emva kokuba ukulunywa yinyoka kupholile. Kubantu abaninzi, intlungu iyaphela kwinyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu uya kuba nentlungu ixesha elingaphezu konyaka.

Kwabanye abantu, iintlungu ezivela kwi-PHN zinzima kangangokuba kwenza kube nzima ukusebenza kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Abaphandi abasazi ukuba kutheni abanye abantu beneentlungu ezinzima kangaka nezihlala ixesha elide ngelixa abanye bengenazo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le `PHN`?

Intsholongwane yeVaricella-zoster yimbangela ye-chickenpox kunye ne-shingles. Malunga nama-99% abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala baye baba ne-chickenpox. Ukongeza, omnye kwabathathu baseMelika uya kulunywa yinyoka ebomini bakhe. Phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-18% yabantu abalunywa yinyoka baya kuba ne-PHN. I-PHN yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yokulunywa yinyoka.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-PHN?

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-PHN:

• Ukukhula kweminyaka:Umngcipheko wokuba ne-PHN uyanda ngokukhula. Ukuba umdala kwaye ulunywe yinyoka, unamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-PHN, kwaye intlungu iya kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye ibe nzima ngakumbi kunokuba ubusemncinci. Phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-13% yabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 abalunywe yinyoka bafumana i-PHN. I-PHN ayifumaneki lula kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40.
• Inkqubo yomzimba yokulwa nezifo ebuthathaka: Njengoko sikhula, amandla omzimba wethu okulwa nezifo, okanye inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokulwa nezifo, ayaphela. Emva koko intsholongwane ye-varicella-zoster engasebenziyo inokuthi iphinde ivuseleleke kwaye ibangele iishingles. Inkqubo yomzimba yokulwa nezifo inokuba buthathaka zizinto ezifana nomhlaza, usulelo olungapheliyo (njenge-HIV/AIDS), ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokulwa nezifo (njenge-chemotherapy, amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba, ii-steroids, kunye namayeza athintela ukwaliwa kwamalungu omzimba).
• Ubunzima bokulunywa yinyoka: Ukuba ulunywe yinyoka kakhulu, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba ne-PHN.
• Ukuba ubunentlungu, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ukuba ndindisholo ngaphambi kokuba ulunywe yinyoka: Ukuba ubunezi mpawu eluswini lwakho kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ulunywe yinyoka, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-PHN.
• Ukuba uyalibazisa ukuya kugqirha emva kokulunywa yinyoka: Ukuba uyalibazisa emva kweentsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu emva kokulunywa, oko kuthetha ukuba uphoswa lixesha elimiselweyo lokuthatha amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba ne-PHN.

Kutheni i-PHN iphuhla? Yintoni unobangela?

I-'PHN' ibangelwa kukonakala kwemithambo-luvo ngexesha lokulunywa yinyoka. Cinga ngayo, imisonto yemithambo-luvo ithwala iimvakalelo ezifana neentlungu ezivela eluswini lwethu ukuya engqondweni. Ngoko ke xa imisonto yemithambo-luvo kwindawo apho inyoka ilunywe khona yonakele, iqala ukuthumela imiyalezo engalunganga, oko kukuthi, imiqondiso yentlungu egqithisileyo engqondweni. I-'Postherpetic neuralgia' ithetha 'intlungu yemithambo-luvo eza emva kwe-herpes.' Ukulunywa yinyoka kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'(Herpes Zoster)'.

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ukulunywa yinyoka kubangelwa yintsholongwane efanayo ebangela i-chickenpox (i-Varicella-zoster virus). Wakuba une-chickenpox, intsholongwane ihlala emzimbeni wakho ubomi bonke, kodwa ingalala okanye "ithule" iminyaka emininzi. Kuphela xa le ntsholongwane isebenza kwakhona apho ukulunywa yinyoka kwenzeka khona. Ipesenti encinci (ngaphantsi kwama-20%) yabantu abalunywa yinyoka bafumana i-PHN.

Zithini kanye kanye iimpawu ze-PHN?

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-PHN zezi:

• Ukutsha, iintlungu ezibukhali, iintlungu ezihlabayo, okanye ukuziva ubuhlungu bangaphakathi kwindawo yolunywe yinyoka.
• Ukurhawuzelelwa okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwindawo okanye kufutshane nendawo yokwenzakala kwangaphambili.
• Intlungu ayiguquki okanye ifika ize iphele. Intlungu idla ngokuhlala malunga neenyanga ezintathu emva kokuba inxeba lipholile, kodwa inokuhlala ixesha elingaphezu konyaka.
• Nokuba isiqwenga sempahla okanye ukuchukumisa kancinci kuchukumisa indawo ebuhlungu yesikhumba, iintlungu zinokwanda.
• Intlungu inokuba mandundu ebusuku okanye xa kushushu kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-PHN?

Ugqirha udla ngokuxilonga i-PHN ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, nokuba ukhe walunywa yinyoka kutshanje, kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Ukuba ukhe walunywa yinyoka kutshanje kwaye usaziva iintlungu kwindawo yokulunywa, kusenokwenzeka ukuba une-PHN. Ugqirha wakho usenokufuna ukuthintela ezinye izizathu zentlungu, kodwa uninzi lwexesha, akukho mfuneko yovavanyo olongezelelweyo.

Ngaba i-PHN ingabangela ezinye iingxaki?

Ewe, i-PHN inokubangela iimeko ezifana nezi:

• Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe.
• Ukungalali.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ubunzima bokugxila.

Ukuba unentlungu ye-PHN ehlala ixesha elide, inokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nokudakumba. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela le nto.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-PHN?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba oku kunokwenza ntoni.

Ukuba ubona ugqirha kwiintsuku ezintathu zokuqala emva kokulunywa yinyoka, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kukunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane. Umzekelo, i-Acyclovir (Zovirax®), i-Valacyclovir (Valtrex®), okanye i-Famciclovir (Famvir®). La mayeza anokunceda ukulunywa kuphole ngokukhawuleza, kuthintele ukwakheka kokuluma okutsha, kunciphise iintlungu nokurhawuzelela, kwaye kunciphise ixesha lentlungu emva kokuba ukulunywa kuphole.

Kodwa ukuba ukulunywa yinyoka akubonwa kwangethuba, okanye ukuba ithuba lilahlekile, oogqirha banezinye iindlela ezininzi zokulawula iimpawu zakho ze-PHN.

Ukuba intlungu yakho incinci, ugqirha unokucebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• `Acetaminophen (Tylenol®)` okanye `NSAIDs` (iziyobisi ezichasene nokuvuvukala ezingezizo ii-steroidal) ezifana ne`Ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®)`.
• Iikhrimu kunye namabala athomalalisa ulusu, umzekelo, lawo aqulethe i-`Lidocaine (Lidoderm®)` kunye ne-`Capsaicin (Zostrix®)`.

Ukuba intlungu yakho inzima, ugqirha angakunika amayeza anjengala:

• Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezifana nesifo sokuwa (esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Antiseizure drugs'), njenge-'Gabapentin (Neurontin®, Gralise®)` kunye ne-`Pregabalin (Lyrica®)`, adla ngokusetyenziswa ukunyanga iintlungu zemithambo-luvo.
• Amayeza okudakumba, anjenge-Escitalopram (Lexapro®), iQuetiapine (Seroquel®), okanye i-Amitriptyline, nawo anokunceda kwiintlungu zemithambo-luvo.
• Ukufaka i-`Botulinum toxin (Botox®)` kwindawo yentlungu.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, akukho "olu lolona nyango lubalaseleyo" lwe-PHN. Ugqirha wakhoUsenokufuna ukuzama amayeza angaphezu kwelinye, okanye unganikwa indibaniselwano yamayeza. Wena nogqirha wakho niza kuxoxa ngeendlela eninokukhetha kuzo nize nigqibe ukuba yintoni efanelekileyo kuni. Ukuba intlungu yenu ayiphucuki emva kokusela amayeza enu, qiniseka ukuba nimxelele ugqirha wenu . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha onke amayeza ngendlela eniyiyalelweyo.

Ngaba i-PHN inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Akukho nyango lwe-PHN, kodwa lunokulawulwa. Kubantu abaninzi, iintlungu ezivela kwi-PHN ziyancipha kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ekugqibeleni ziyaphela. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwabantu luya kufumana isiqabu kwinyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuthintela i-PHN ukuba ingaphuhli?

Ewe, le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo! Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-PHN kukuphepha iishingles.

• Isitofu sokugonya seShingrix®: I-Food and Drug Administration ivumile isitofu sokugonya sokuthintela ukulunywa ziinyoka. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokulunywa ziinyoka kunye nokuphuhlisa i-PHN. Esi sitofu sokugonya, esibizwa ngokuba yiShingrix®, sicetyiswa kubantu abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu ukuthintela ukulunywa ziinyoka. Sisitofu sokugonya esineedosi ezimbini, apho idosi yesibini inikwa iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu zishiyana. Esi sitofu sokugonya sineedosi ezimbini sisebenza kakuhle ngama-90% ekuthinteleni ukulunywa ziinyoka kunye ne-PHN. Uya kukhuselwa ubuncinane iminyaka emine emva kokufumana isitofu.
• Ugonyo lweChickenpox: Ukuba awukaze ube ne-chickenpox, okanye ukuba abantwana bakho bakhe baba ne-chickenpox, ukufumana ugonyo lwe-chickenpox (Varivax) kunokuthintela olu sulelo kwasekuqaleni. Ukuba awukaze ube ne-chickenpox, awunayo i-varicella-zoster virus emzimbeni wakho, ngoko awuyi kufumana i-shingles okanye i-PHN.

Ngubani ofanele afumane isitofu sokugonya seShingrix®?

Isitofu sokugonya seShingrix® sicetyiswa kuye wonke umntu osempilweni kwaye uneminyaka engama-50 ubudala nangaphezulu. Akukho mda weminyaka ephezulu. Kufuneka ufumane nesitofu sokugonya ukuba:

• Nokuba sele ukhe walunywa yinyoka ngaphambili.
• Nokuba awukhumbuli kakuhle ukuba wawune-chickenpox nini (malunga ne-99% yabantu baseMelika abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala babene-chickenpox, nokuba abayikhumbuli besengumntwana).
• Nokuba sele ufumene isitofu sokugonya seZostavax (esi sitofu sokugonya asisasetyenziswa eMelika), thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo lokufumana isitofu sokugonya seShingrix®.

Ukuba sele ulunywe yinyoka, kufuneka ulinde de inxeba liphole. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuqala isitofu sokugonya seShingrix®.

Luhlobo luni lwesiphumo umntu one-PHN anokululindela?

Akukho unyango oluqhelekileyo lweempawu ze-PHN. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bentlungu yakho, ungaqala ngamayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Ukuba intlungu inzima, ungazama amayeza elinye okanye ngaphezulu abhalwe ngugqirha. I-PHN yimeko enzima ukuyinyanga. Kolunye uphando, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sezigulane ezine-PHN zifumene ukukhululeka ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu.

I-PHN idla ngokuvela kubantu abadala abanokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Oku kunokwenza unyango kunye neziphumo zibe nzima ngakumbi. Intlungu inokuhlala iiveki, iinyanga, okanye nangaphezulu konyaka. Kwabanye abantu, intlungu isenokunganyamezeleki. Kodwa kubantu abaninzi, intlungu ye-PHN iyancipha kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Wakuba une-chickenpox, intsholongwane ye-varicella-zoster ihlala emzimbeni wakho ubomi bakho bonke. Ukuba intsholongwane iphinda ivuke kwaye ulunywe yinyoka, ukubona ugqirha kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqhambuka kunye nokuthatha amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane kunokunciphisa kakhulu iimpawu zakho. Ukuba ufumana i-PHN, oogqirha baneentlobo ngeentlobo zamayeza okunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho. Ngoko ke ungoyiki, thetha nogqirha kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya:

Kulungile, masishwankathele izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali lide:

• I-PHN yintlungu yemithambo-luvo ehlala ihleli nasemva kokuba ii-shingles zipholile.
• Isizathu esiphambili soku kukonakala kwemicu yemithambo-luvo okubangelwa kukulunywa yinyoka.
• Abantu abadala, abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, kunye nabo baye balunywa kakhulu ziinyoka banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-PHN.
• Intlungu ye-PHN ingavakala ngathi kukutsha, ukuhlaba, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukurhawuzelela .
• Nangona kungekho nyango lwe-PHN, kukho unyango olunceda ukulawula intlungu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, intlungu iyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza emva kokulunywa yinyoka (kwiintsuku ezi-3 zokuqala) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-PHN.
• Isitofu sokugonya seShingrix® sinokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokulunywa yinyoka kunye ne-PHN. Sicetyiswa kubo bonke abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
• Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-PHN, ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike icebiso.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

I- postherpetic neuralgia, i-PHN, ukulunywa yinyoka, iishingles, i-herpes zoster, i-chickenpox, iintlungu zemithambo-luvo, ugonyo lwe-Shingrix