Ingaba intamo yakho idumbile? Masithethe nge-goiter!

Abantu abaninzi mhlawumbi bayoyika kancinci xa bebona ukudumba okuncinci entanyeni yabo, akunjalo? Yintoni le? Usenokuba ukhe weva nge- 'Gout '. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko, eyaziwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-'( Goiter )'. Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi oku.

Yintoni le ndlala ye-thyroid?

Kulungile, masiqale sibone ukuba yintoni le `(Goiter)` okanye i-thyroid gland . Le thyroid gland yi-gland encinci efana nebhabhathane entanyeni yakho, ingakumbi ngaphantsi kwe-collarbone. Le yinxalenye ye-`( Endocrine system )` yomzimba wethu.

Nangona zincinci, iihomoni eziveliswa yi-thyroid gland zibaluleke kakhulu. Iihomoni ezimbini eziphambili eziveliswa apha yi -thyroxine (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(T4)`) kunye ne-triiodothyronine (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(T3)`). Ezi homoni zibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi emininzi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Umzekelo:

• I- metabolism yomzimba wethu yinkqubo apho ukutya esikutyayo kuguqulwa kube ngamandla.
• Ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba .
• Izinto ezifana neemvakalelo zethu, ixhala, njl.
• Inqanaba lentliziyo .
• Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya .

Uyabona, nangona incinci, yenza umsebenzi omninzi. Ngoko ke nokuba le gland idumba nje, okanye ivelisa iihomoni ezininzi kakhulu okanye ezincinci kakhulu, sinokuba neengxaki.

Ngoko ke, ngaba kukho iintlobo zale dwala?

Ewe, le goiter inokwahlulwahlulwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Enye ixhomekeke kwindlela ekhula ngayo, enye ixhomekeke kumanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid.

Zihlulwe ngokwendlela ezikhula ngayo:

• I-Simple okanye i-Diffuse Goiter: Kulapho yonke i-thyroid gland idumba khona ize ivakale ithambile xa uyichukumisa.
• I-Nodular Goiter: Kule nto, kuvela iqhuma eliqinileyo okanye elizele lulwelo (iqhuma) ngaphakathi kwi-thyroid gland, elivakala ngathi liqhuma xa lichukunyiswa.
• I-Multinodular Goiter: Kulapho kuvela khona amaqhuqhuva amaninzi ngaphakathi kwi-thyroid gland. La maqhuqhuva anokubonakala ngaphandle okanye anokufunyanwa kuphela ngexesha lovavanyo.

Ngokwezinga le-hormone ye-thyroid, ezi hormone zihlukaniswa:

• I-Toxic Goiter: Kule meko, i-thyroid gland iyadumba ize ivelise i-thyroid hormone eninzi kakhulu. Oku kubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyperthyroidism.
• I-Goiter Engeyiyo Ityhefu: Kule meko, i-thyroid gland idumbile, kodwa amanqanaba e-hormone aqhelekile. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho hyperthyroidism okanye hypothyroidism, imeko yamanqanaba aphantsi e-thyroid hormone. Oogqirha bakwabiza le meko ngokuba yi-euthyroid.

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha badibanisa ezi ntlobo zimbini. Umzekelo, i-"Toxic Multinodular Goiter" yimeko apho amaqhuqhuva amaninzi enziwa khona kwi-thyroid gland aze avelise iihomoni ezigqithisileyo.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa olu hlobo lwe-gallstone?

Enyanisweni, nabani na unokuba ne-goiter. Nangona kunjalo, kuthiwa abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kane okuba nayo kunamadoda . Kwakhona, umngcipheko wokuba ne-goiter uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ixhaphake kakhulu emva kweminyaka engama-40 .

Ukongeza, abantu abanezi meko zilandelayo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana amatye enyongo:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Ukuxhathisa i-insulin
• Isifo seMetabolic

Kwakhona, ukuba ukhe waphathwa nge-radiation entloko nasentanyeni njengonyango, okanye ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unembali yesifo se-thyroid kusapho lwakho , usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-goiter.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Umhlaza wenyongo yinto eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, eMelika, malunga ne-5% yabemi banawo.

Kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, eyona nto ibangela i-goiter kukunqongophala kwe-iodine . Kuthiwa malunga nezigidi eziyi-2.2 zabantu abanengxaki yale ngxaki.

Amathuba okuba ne-goiter ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bokunqongophala kwe-iodine:

• Ukuba kukho ukungabikho kwe-iodine, kukho ithuba eliphakathi kwe -5% ukuya kwi-20% lokufumana i-goiter.
• Ukuba ukunqongophala kwe-iodine kuphakathi , kuyanda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% kunye ne-30%.
• Ukuba ukungabikho kwe-iodine kukhulu , amathuba okuba ne-goiter anokunyuka aye ngaphezulu kwe-30%.

Zeziphi iimpawu endiza kuzifumana xa ndine-gallstone?

I-goiter inokwahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwincinci kakhulu, engabonakaliyo kangako, ukuya kwinkulu kakhulu. Uninzi lwexesha, i-goiter ayinabuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-thyroiditis, apho i-thyroid gland yakho idumba kwaye ibomvu, unokufumana iintlungu.

Iimpawu eziphambili zingabonakala ngolu hlobo:

• Kuvakala ngathi liqhuma elingaphambili entanyeni yakho , ngaphantsi nje kwethambo lentamo.
• Ndivakalelwa ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni .
• Ukurhawuzela (ukutshintsha kwelizwi).
• Imithambo entanyeni ibonakala ngathi iyavuvukala.
• Ukuziva unesizungu xa uphakamisa iingalo ngaphezu kwentloko.

Kukho nezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga:

• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo .
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Isandi somlozi xa uphefumla (ngenxa yokuvaleka kwendlela yomoya).
• Ubunzima bokuginya (ngenxa yokuvaleka komqala).

Abanye abantu banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperthyroidism, esibangelwa kukwanda kweehomoni ze-thyroid kunye ne-goiter. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia) .
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu .
• Urhudo.
• Ukubila nokuba awuzilolongi okanye nokuba ubushushu begumbi abuphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukungcangcazela komzimba.
• Ixhala.

Kwakhona, abanye abantu banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-hypothyroidism, esisifo apho kukho ukwehla kweehomoni ze-thyroid kunye ne-goiter. Kwimeko enjalo, unokubona iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (Ndidinwe kakhulu) .
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Ulusu olomileyo.
• Ukukhula ngaphandle kwesizathu .
• Ukungaqheleki kwemijikelo yokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini.

Kutheni le nto i-gallstone isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

I-Goiter ngokwenene yindlela eguquguqukayo yeeseli ze-thyroid gland yakho kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo ephazamisana nokuveliswa kweehomoni ze-thyroid. Nangona ukunqongophala kwe-iodine kuyeyona nto iphambili ebangela i-goiter kwihlabathi liphela, zininzi ezinye izizathu.

Izinto ezinokubangela amatye enyongo zezi:

• Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine: I-thyroid gland yakho ifuna i-iodine ukuze yenze ii-hormone ze-thyroid. Ukuba awufumani i-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni okutyayo, i-thyroid gland izama ukwenza ii-hormone ze-thyroid ezingaphezulu. Yenza iiseli ezininzi, oko kuthetha ukuba ziya zikhula. Le yeyona sizathu siphambili kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe afana neSri Lanka, oku kuncinci kancinci ngenxa yokusebenzisa ityuwa ene-iodine. Singafumana isixa esifunekayo se-iodine kwizilwanyana zaselwandle, iimveliso zobisi, kunye netyuwa ene-iodine. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha izongezo ze-iodine ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha akufanelekanga kubantu abaninzi, njengoko kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo.
• Isifo sikaGraves: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela i-thyroid gland yakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhule. Isifo sikaGraves sinokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyperthyroidism, ekufuneka inyangwe.
• Isifo sikaHashimoto: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Sibangela ukudumba kwe-thyroid gland. Kwabanye abantu, isifo sikaHashimoto sibangela ukuba i-thyroid gland ikhule njengemeko yokubuyisela. Olu hlobo lwe-goiter ludla ngokuba ngcono ngokwalo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abane-Hashimoto's kufuneka bathathe iipilisi ze-thyroid hormone.
• Umhlaza we-thyroid:Umhlaza wendlala yegilo unokubangela ukuba indlala ikhule.
• Ukukhulelwa: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, i-thyroid gland inokukhula kancinci ngenxa yehomoni ethi ``Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)'' eveliswa emzimbeni womfazi.
• I-thyroiditis: Ukudumba kwe-thyroid gland ngokwayo kunokubangela ukuba i-thyroid ikhule. Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zoku.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-goiter zinokuvela ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Sizibiza ngokuba yi-"sporadic goiters". Amanye amayeza anokubangela oku. Umzekelo, iyeza elithi "Lithium", elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye izifo zengqondo, linokubangela olu hlobo lwe-goiter.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto kanye?

Xa usiya kugqirha, banokujonga intamo yakho ukuba i-thyroid gland ikhulisiwe na ngokuyiva. Kodwa i-goiter ithetha ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-thyroid gland yakho. Ngoko ke kufuneka ufumanise ukuba yintoni loo ngxaki.

Oogqirha benza iimvavanyo ezininzi ngaloo nto:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ugqirha uza kuyivavanya intamo yakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho amaqhuma okanye iintlungu.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-thyroid: Olu vavanyo lwegazi lulinganisa amanqanaba e-thyroid hormone. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-thyroid gland isebenza kakuhle na.
• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody: Olu vavanyo lwegazi lukhangela ii-antibodies ezithile eziveliswa ziintlobo ezithile ze-goiter. Ii-antibodies ziiproteni ezenziwe ziiseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi. Ezi zisikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezibangela izifo.
• I-ultrasound ye-thyroid: I-ultrasound luvavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi aqhelekileyo ukudlula kwizicwili zomzimba. Imifanekiso evelayo iboniswa kwiscreen sekhompyutha. Ugqirha angayibona i-thyroid gland, ejonga ubungakanani bayo kunye nokuba kukho na amaqhuma.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy yinkqubo ebandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yezicubu okanye iiseli uze uzivavanye kwilebhu. Ukuba uneqhuma elikhulu kwi-thyroid gland yakho, kunokufuneka wenze i-biopsy. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ukuze kuthintelwe umhlaza.
• Ukufunxwa kunye nokuskenwa kwe-thyroid: Olu vavanyo lokujonga imifanekiso lunika ulwazi malunga nobukhulu kunye nomsebenzi we-thyroid gland. Lubandakanya ukufaka inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezine-radioactive emthanjeni kunye nokudala umfanekiso we-thyroid gland kwisikrini sekhompyutha. Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo alusoloko lwenziwa kwaye luluncedo kuphela kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo.
• I-CT scan okanye i-MRI (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging):Ukuba iitoni zikhulu kakhulu okanye zisasazeke kwindawo yesifuba, kunokwenziwa i-CT scan okanye i-MRI ukulinganisa ubungakanani kunye nokusasazeka kweetoni.

Ngaba amatye enyongo aya kuphola ngokwawo?

I-simple goiter isenokuphola ngokwayo emva kwexesha elithile, ngaphandle konyango.

Ii-goiter ezininzi, ezifana nee-multinodular goiters, ziyakhula xa amanqanaba e-thyroid hormone eqhelekile. Nje ukuba ugqirha afumanise ukuba unayo, akukho nyango luthile lufunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, usenokuba sengozini yokuba ne-hypothyroidism okanye i-hyperthyroidism kwixesha elizayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqaphela ukuba i-thyroid gland yakho ikhulisiwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha . Kuba kukho izizathu ezininzi ze-goiter, ezinye zazo ezifuna unyango.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?

Unyango lwe-goiter luxhomekeke ekubeni i-thyroid gland yakho inkulu kangakanani, zithini iimpawu zakho, kunye nokuba yintoni unobangela. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango:

• Akukho nyango / “Ukulinda ngononophelo”: Ukuba i-goiter incinci kwaye ayikukhathazi, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba kwelokuba unyango aluyomfuneko. Kodwa uya kuyijonga ngokusondeleyo i-thyroid yakho ukuze abone utshintsho.
• Amayeza:
• I-Levothyroxine (umz. i-Levothroid®, i-Synthroid®) lunyango lokutshintsha iihomoni ze-thyroid. Ugqirha wakho angakunika eli yeza ukuba i-goiter yakho ibangelwa ngamanqanaba aphantsi ehomoni ye-thyroid (i-hypothyroidism).
• Ukuba unobangela we-goiter kukwanda kweehomoni ze-thyroid (i-Hyperthyroidism), amanye amayeza anikwa. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Methimazole (umz. i-Tapazole®) kunye ne-Propylthiouracil.
• Ukuba unobangela weetoni kukudumba, ugqirha angakunika i-aspirin okanye i-corticosteroid.
• Unyango lwe-iodine enemisebe: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hyperthyroidism. Kolu nyango, i-iodine enemisebe ithathwa ngomlomo. Le iodine ingena kwi-thyroid gland ize itshabalalise iiseli ze-thyroid, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-gland inciphe. Emva kolu nyango, unokufuna ukuthatha iipilisi zokutshintsha iihomoni ze-thyroid ubomi bakho bonke.
• Utyando: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa inkqubo yotyando ebizwa ngokuba yi-thyroidectomy ukuze kususwe yonke okanye inxalenye ye-thyroid gland yakho. Utyando lunokufuneka ukuba i-goiter inkulu kwaye ibangela ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokuginya. Utyando ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziselwa ukususa amaqhuqhuva. Utyando ludla ngokufuneka ukuba kukho umhlaza. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-thyroid gland esusiweyo, unokufuneka uthathe iipilisi zokutshintsha iihomoni ze-thyroid ubomi bakho bonke.

Ngaba singakuthintela oku?

I-goiter yokungabikho kwe-iodine (i-goiter elula) lolona hlobo lwe-goiter esinokuluthintela rhoqo. Olu hlobo lwe-goiter lunokuthintelwa ngokufaka intlanzi eyaneleyo, iimveliso zobisi, kunye netyuwa ene-iodine (ityuwa yetafile) ekutyeni. Kwezinye iintlobo ze-goiter, ukuthatha izongezo ze-iodine okanye ezinye izongezo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha akukhuthazwa ngokubanzi. Zinokwenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokuba zincede.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko? (Ingqikelelo)

Uqikelelo lwe-gallstone luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo kunye nesizathu sayo.

I-simple goiter inesimo sengqondo esihle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-thyroid gland iyaqhubeka nokukhula, inokutyhala izicwili ezingqongileyo, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuginya, kunye nokurhawuzelela.

Ukuba i-goiter luphawu lwesinye isifo se-thyroid, njengesifo sikaGraves okanye isifo sikaHashimoto, imeko ixhomekeke kwisizathu esibangela ukwanda kwe-thyroid yakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha malunga namatye endinawo enyongweni?

Nokuba kungasiphi na isizathu, ukuba ufunyaniswe une-goiter, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha rhoqo (ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka) ukuze ayijonge.

Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, thetha nogqirha wakho.

I-thyroid yakho yindlala ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho ye-endocrine, echaphazela izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wakho. I-thyroid ekhulisiweyo inokuba luphawu lwengxaki ye-thyroid engaphantsi. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-goiter inokunyangeka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iphele yodwa. Ukuba ubona iqhuma elingaphambili entanyeni yakho, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angajonga ukuba yi-goiter na kwaye yintoni ebangela oko.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ukuqonda okungcono ngeGoiter. Ngamafutshane:

• I-goiter kukudumba kwe-thyroid gland. Oku kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi.
• Ukuba ubona into efana nokudumba entanyeni, ubunzima bokuginya, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye utshintsho kwilizwi, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.
• Ayizizo zonke ii-gallstones ezifuna unyango, kodwa kubalulekile ukufumana unobangela kunye nokufuna unyango ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Nangona ukunqongophala kwe-iodine kuyimbangela ephambili ehlabathini, imeko incinci kwilizwe lethu ngenxa yetyuwa ene-iodine.
• Ungaze uthathe ii-hormones ze-thyroid okanye iipilisi ze-iodine ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
• Ukuba une-goiter, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.

Akukho nto yokoyika, ezi meko zinokulawulwa kakuhle phantsi kwesikhokelo esifanelekileyo sezonyango.