Ubuzazi ezi zinto malunga nemithambo yegazi ebalulekileyo (iCarotid Arteries) entanyeni yakho?

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu esingacingi kakhulu ngayo. Leyo yimibhobho yegazi ephambili ekwicala lentamo yethu, njengeendlela ezimbini eziya phezulu. Kwisayensi yezonyango, le ibizwa ngokuba yimithambo yegazi ye-carotid . Ngamafutshane, le yimibhobho ephambili ethwala igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini ukuya engqondweni yethu, ebusweni, nakwezinye iindawo ezithambileyo zentamo . Ifana nemibhobho ethwala amanzi esuka kwinjini yamanzi ukuya emyezweni. Nokuba kukuvaleka okanye ukuvaleka okuncinci kwezi ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kunokuba unokucinga. Ngoko ke, ukwazi okungakumbi ngezi zinto ngokweenkcukacha kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe nakusapho lwakho.

Ziphi kanye kanye ezi mithambo ye-carotid? Zenza ntoni?

Khawucinge nje, le mithambo ye-carotid iqala phezulu esifubeni sakho, ngaphantsi nje kwentamo yakho. Ukusuka apho, ihamba inyuka entanyeni yakho iye ekhakhayini lakho. Kumacala omabini entamo yakho, kumacala asekhohlo nasekunene, kukho le mithambo ye-carotid eqhelekileyo.

Ukuya phezulu kancinci, malunga nombindi wentamo, nganye kwezi mithambo ye-carotid eqhelekileyo yahlukana yaba ngamasebe amabini angaphezulu. Njengokuba indlela yahlukana yaba ngamabini. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-carotid bifurcation . Amasebe amabini aqhekeka apho ngala:

1. I-Internal Carotid Artery: Eli lisebe eliphambili elinika igazi ngqo engqondweni yethu . Lenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu.

2. Umthambo weCarotid wangaphandle: Eli candelo linika igazi kwiindawo zobuso bethu, kwiindawo zangaphandle zentamo, nakwezinye iindawo zentloko .

Le mithambo ye-carotid yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ikhula ibe ngamasebe amancinci amaninzi anika zonke izitho kunye nezicubu ezisentloko nasentanyeni izondlo ezizidingayo, oko kukuthi, igazi elineoksijini eninzi. Ifana nomlambo omkhulu oqala njengoluhlu lweentlambo ezincinci, zondla yonke indawo.

Umthambo we-carotid yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi . Ingqondo yethu ifuna ukunikezelwa rhoqo kweoksijini ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Kunjalo nangamalungu athambileyo ebusweni nasentanyeni yethu. Kungcono ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kuthe tye kwaye kungaphazanyiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho into evalekileyo okanye igazi liqhekeka ngaphakathi kulo mthambo, oko kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo.

Makhe sithethe kancinci nge-External Carotid Artery.

Umthambo we-carotid wangaphandle uqala kwi-carotid bifurcation ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, apho umthambo we-carotid oqhelekileyo wahlukana kubini. Njengoko uhamba entanyeni, kufutshane nendlebe, wahlukana ube ngamasebe amabini amakhulu. Lawa yi -maxillary artery kunye ne-superficial temporal artery .

Lo mthambo we-carotid wangaphandle ukhupha amasebe amancinci asibhozo. La masebe anika igazi kwiindawo ezininzi zentamo nobuso bethu. Umzekelo:

• Isebe elinika igazi kwi-thyroid gland yethu (`i-Superior thyroid artery`)
• Isebe elihambisa igazi ngaphakathi emqaleni (`I-Ascending pharyngeal artery`)
• Isebe elinika igazi kulwimi lwethu (`umthambo wolwimi`)
• Isebe elinika igazi kwimisipha nolusu lobuso (`uMthambo wobuso`)
• Isebe elihambisa igazi ngasemva kwentloko (`umthambo we-Occipital`)
• Isebe elinika igazi kwindawo engasemva kwendlebe (`umthambo we-auricular wangasemva`)

Iindawo ezininzi ezinje zinikwa igazi ngamasebe aphuma kulo mthambo we-carotid wangaphandle.

Masifunde nange-Internal Carotid Artery.

Lo ngomnye wabalinganiswa ababalulekileyo kwibali lethu. Umthambo we-carotid wangaphakathi uqala kwi-carotid bifurcation uze uhambe ngqo entanyeni. Emva koko ungena kwi-skull ngomngxuma osezantsi kwe-skull. Lo mngxuma ubizwa ngokuba yi-carotid canal . Lo ngumda owahlula inxalenye ye-extracranial ye-artery kwinxalenye ye-intracranial.

Xa sele ingaphakathi kwikhakayi, umthambo wangaphakathi we-carotid ulandela indlela egobileyo nejikajikayo. Oogqirha babiza le nxalenye ingaphakathi kwikhakayi, icandelo 'le-intracranial', ngamanye amagama. Umzekelo, kukho malunga namacandelo asixhenxe, afana ne-'C2: Petrous segment', 'C3: Lacerum segment', 'C4: Cavernous segment'. Abanye oogqirha basebenzisa nezinye iinkqubo zokwahlulahlula.

Kodwa, akufuneki uwakhumbule onke la magama ngentloko. Uninzi lwabantu aluyi kufuneka bawazi la magama ebomini babo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuvela i-aneurysm, oogqirha basebenzisa la magama ukukuxelela ngqo ukuba iphi. Olu lwazi lunokubaluleka ngamaxesha anje.

Umthambo we-carotid wangaphakathi ukhupha amanye amasebe abalulekileyo ngaphakathi kwekhakayi. La ngawona anika igazi engqondweni nasemehlweni ethu . Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Umthambo wamehlo unika igazi elisweni.
• Amasebe afana ne -Anterior Cerebral Artery kunye ne-Middle Cerebral Artery anika igazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokubangela ezi mithambo ye-carotid?

Kanye njengokuba umbhobho wamanzi unokuvaleka ngumhlwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, imithambo yethu ye-carotid nayo inokuba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

1. Isifo seCarotid Artery: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiCarotid Artery Stenosis . I-Stenosis ithetha "ukuncipha". Oku kubangelwa kakhulu ngumaleko omkhulu wamafutha kunye ne-cholesterol (atherosclerosis) owenzeka eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi . Le ntsalela ibizwa ngokuba yi-plaque.Kufana nokuvaleka kombhobho wamanzi. Ezi plaque deposits zihlala zenzeka kufutshane nomthambo we-carotid oqhelekileyo, apho wahlulahlula khona kabini (i-'Carotid Bifurcation'). Xa lo mthambo uvalekile, inani legazi eliya ebuchotsheni liyancitshiswa. Kwakhona, amahlwili egazi anokwenziwa phezu kwale plaque, kwaye ihlwili linokuqhekeka lize livale umthambo omncinci wegazi ebuchotsheni. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umngcipheko we -'Transient Ischemic Attack' (TIA) , imeko efana ne-mini-stroke, okanye i-stroke enzima iphezulu kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha i-plaque inokuqhekeka kwaye iqhekeza layo linokwaphuka lize livale umthambo wegazi ebuchotsheni.

2. I-Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Kulapho udonga lomthambo we-carotid luba buthathaka luze luvuthuluke njengebhaluni. Olu vuthu (`Aneurysm`) lunokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amahlwili egazi anokwenziwa ngaphakathi kolu vuthu, athintele ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni. Kwakhona, ukuba lukhula kakhulu, lunokuqhuma (`Rupture`). Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, yingxamiseko.

3. Ukuqhaqha kweCarotid Artery: Oku kukukrazuka okungaphakathi kodonga lwemithambo. Oku kukrazuka kunokucothisa okanye kuthintele ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kunokukhokelela nakwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nestroke.

4. I-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD): Le yimeko engaqhelekanga. Ibangelwa sisiphene kwindlela ezibunjwa ngayo iindonga zemithambo yegazi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni imithambo ye-carotid inciphe, ivelise i-aneurysms, okanye iqhekeke.

Singazi njani ukuba kukho ingxaki ngale mithambo yegazi? (Iimpawu kunye novavanyo)

Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zifo zemithambo yegazi emithanjeni azibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni . Ingxaki ifunyanwa kuphela xa kuvela imeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango, efana ne-'TIA' okanye 'iStroke'. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.

Lumka kakhulu ngezi mpawu!

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ngequbuliso ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi, fowunela u-1990 (i-ambulensi) ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane . Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zestroke, kwaye unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi kwaye lunciphise ukukhubazeka kwexesha elide.

• Ukuwa okanye ukulahleka kobomi kwelinye icala lobuso.
• Uvakalelwa ngathi amazwi akho ayabhidana xa uthetha, okanye awukwazi ukudibanisa amagama ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso okanye ukungaboni kakuhle kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo. Kusenokuvakala ngathi kukho ikhethini emnyama ewela phambi kwamehlo.
• Ukuba ndindisholo, ubuthathaka, okanye ukuziva ungenabomi kwelinye icala lomzimba (ingalo, umlenze, okanye zombini).
• Ukulahlekelwa luvakalelo kwicala elinye lomzimba.

Ngamanye amaxesha usenokungakwazi ukucela uncedo xa ezi mpawu zisenzeka. Ngoko ke, yazisa usapho lwakho nabahlobo bakho ngezi mpawu. Emva koko banokuzibona baze bathathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza xa ufuna uncedo.

Oogqirha bahlola njani imithambo ye-carotid?

Xa usiya kugqirha, banokubeka i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho baze bamamele isandi segazi elihamba ngemithambo yegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umthambo uvaliwe, unokuva isandi esithi "whoosh" (i-'carotid bruit'). Oku kubonisa ukuba kukho ukuvaleka kwendlela igazi elihamba ngayo, mhlawumbi ngenxa ye-plaque deposits.

Ukuba uva isandi esinjalo, okanye ukuba ugqirha wakho unezinye izizathu zokurhanelwa, unokucelwa ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo, olufana nolu:

• I-Carotid Ultrasound: Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wangaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lungabonisa ukuba kukho naziphi na izithintelo kunye nokuba zinzima kangakanani.
• I-CT Scan (`I-Computed Tomography - I-CT Scan`): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi.
• I-Carotid Angiogram: Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kumthambo wemithambo yegazi kunye nokuthatha i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuba igazi lihamba njani.
• I-MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA): Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa amasimi emagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi mithambo ivaliweyo?

Ukuba umthambo wakho we-carotid uvaliwe, kukho amayeza, utyando, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukumisela unyango olungcono kuwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Iintlobo zamayeza:

• Amayeza okulwa neeplatelet: Imizekelo yala mayeza afana ne-aspirin.
• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol: Njengamayeza e-statin.

Utyando kunye nezinye iindlela:

• I-Carotid Endarterectomy: Olu lutyando oluvula umthambo, lususe i-plaque egciniweyo ngaphakathi, kwaye luthunge umthambo kwakhona. Oku kubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi.
• I-Carotid Angioplasty kunye ne-Stenting: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci kumthambo ovalekileyo, ukwandisa umthambo ngesixhobo esifana nebhaluni, kunye nokufaka isixhobo esincinci esifana ne-mesh (i-stent) ukuthintela ukuba ingavaleki kwakhona. Le yinkqubo engenabungozi kangako kunotyando.

Singayigcina njani imithambo yethu ye-carotid isempilweni?

Ukuze ugcine le mithambo yegazi ibalulekileyo isempilweni, kubalulekile ukuba uqale ulawule amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol . Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza.

Ukongeza, ukwenza olu tshintsho lulula kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokunceda ukugcina yonke inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi, kuquka nentliziyo yakho, isempilweni:

• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko. Yeka ukutshaya nge-vape nokusebenzisa nayiphi na eminye imveliso yecuba. Cela uncedo kugqirha.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo. Umzekelo , ukutya kwaseMedithera kulungile kakhulu. Yitya imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, ukutya okutyebileyo kwifayibha, kunye neentlanzi. Nciphisa ioyile, iswekile, kunye netyuwa.
• Zilolonge ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Nangona kunjalo, licebo elihle ukubonana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba uqale inkqubo entsha yokuzilolonga.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho bufanelekile ngokweenqanaba lakho lobude.

Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam?

Xa ubona ugqirha, unokubuzwa imibuzo malunga nemithambo ye-carotid efana nale:

• Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ukuba ndibe nesifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid?
• Zeziphi iinguqu endinokuzitshintsha kwindlela yam yokuphila ukuze ndigcine imithambo yam ye-carotid isempilweni?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwemifanekiso (ezifana neeskeni) ukuze ndijonge imeko yemithambo yam ye-carotid?
• Ukuba ndivalekile kwi-carotid artery yam, loluphi unyango endifanele ndiluqwalasele?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba le mithambo yegazi ye-carotid ibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina le mithambo yegazi isempilweni, ethwala igazi elineoksijini eliya engqondweni nakwezinye iindawo zentloko.

Khumbula, uninzi lwezi ngxaki zemithambo yegazi azibonakali ekuqaleni. Ke ngoko, ukuba unezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko (ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, ukutshaya, okanye imbali yosapho lwakho yezi meko), kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.

Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunokunceda ukugcina imithambo yakho yegazi isempilweni, kungekuphela nje kwemithambo yakho yegazi. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho. Angakunika ulwazi oluthe kratya.

Umthambo we - carotid, imithambo yegazi entanyeni, ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ebuchotsheni, istroke, i-atherosclerosis, i-TIA, i-aneurysm, isifo se-carotid, indlela yokuphila enempilo