Masifunde ngqo "ngemithambo-luvo" emizimbeni yethu. Zithini kwaye zisebenza njani? Kalula nje!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba singaziva njani xa silunywa yingcongconi, okanye singashukumisa njani iingalo zethu okanye sithethe? Emva kwako konke oku kukho uthungelwano olumangalisayo lwabathunywa emizimbeni yethu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngaloo "mithambo-luvo" okanye ngesiSinhala, imithambo-luvo. Ezi zifana neengcingo ezithwala umsinga.

Yintoni kanye kanye "imithambo-luvo"?

Ngamafutshane, imithambo-luvo ifana nenkqubo yeentambo zombane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Ezi ntambo zezona zithumela imiqondiso yombane esuka engqondweni yakho iye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, ize ibuyele engqondweni yakho. Cinga ngayo, imithambo-luvo ikunceda uzive into ethile (umz., umntu uchukumisa isandla sakho), ushukumise izihlunu zakho (umz., uphakamise ingalo yakho), njalo njalo. Zikwanceda ukulawula imisebenzi yokuzimela esingayiqondiyo.

Ezi 'nerves' zenziwe ngeeseli ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-'neurons' . Ezi 'neurons' zifumaneka kuyo yonke imizimba yethu, ingakumbi engqondweni nakwi-spinal cord. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa igama elithi 'nerves' xa bethetha ngenkqubo ye-nerves engaphandle kwengqondo yakho nakwi-spinal cord. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yinkqubo ye-peripheral nervous' . Ingqondo yakho kunye ne-spinal cord xa zidibene zenza 'inkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi' . Ngoko ke xa ezi zimbini zidibana, inkqubo yethu ye-nervous epheleleyo iyakhiwa.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zemithambo-luvo? Zithini ezo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini 'zemithambo-luvo'. Masibone ukuba zithini.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwimithambo-luvo?

Ezi mithambo-luvo zifana neentlola emzimbeni wakho. Ziqokelela ulwazi oluvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho (njengesikhumba sakho, amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi) - oko kukuthi, ukuchukumisa, ukungcamla, ukuvumba, ukubona, ukuva - kwaye ziluse engqondweni yakho. Khawuthelekelele, ingcongconi ikuluma isandla sakho, uyayiva ngenxa yezi mithambo-luvo . Loo myalezo uhamba ngokukhawuleza uye engqondweni yakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwimithambo-luvo yemoto?

Ezi mithambo-luvo zifana namajoni alandela imiyalelo evela engqondweni yakho. Athatha imiyalezo evela engqondweni yakho (umz., 'phakamisa ingalo yakho', 'shukumisa umlenze wakho') aze ayithumele kwimisipha yakho kunye namadlala. Kulapho unokushukuma khona wenze izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, xa ufuna ukuncuma, umyalezo ovela engqondweni yakho udlula kwezi mithambo-luvo zentshukumo uye kwimisipha ebusweni bakho, nto leyo ebangela olo ncumo.

Kukho amanye amaqela amabini aphambili ee-nerve...

Kunye nemisebenzi yeemvakalelo kunye neyentshukumo ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, imithambo-luvo inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindlela ephuma ngayo engqondweni yethu nakwi-spinal cord.

Zithini iiNerve zeCranial?

Ezi zezakho ngqo.Imithambo-luvo eqala engqondweni ize iphume. Kukho iiperi ezili-12 zale mithambo-luvo, ukuba kucacile. Ifikelela ikakhulu ebusweni bakho, entloko, nasentanyeni. Le 'mithambo-luvo yentloko' inamandla okwenza imisebenzi yeemvakalelo (umz., ivumba, ukubona, ukungcamla), imisebenzi yentshukumo (umz., intshukumo yamehlo, imbonakalo yobuso), okanye zombini. Umzekelo, 'yimithambo-luvo yentloko' ekunceda uphakamise amashiya akho xa umangalisiwe, kwaye 'yimithambo-luvo yentloko' ekunceda unuke.

Zithini iiSpinal Nevers?

Ezi mithambo-luvo ziqala kwi -spinal cord yakho. Kukho ii- 31 pairs ze-nerves eziphuma kwi-spinal cord ziye kwi-spinal cord yakho. Ezi mithambo-luvo zomgogodla zinokwenza imisebenzi ye-sensory, imisebenzi ye-motor, okanye zombini. Umzekelo, xa uziva ungenamsebenzi okanye intlungu kwi-spinal cord yakho, ezi mithambo-luvo zithwala umyalezo ziye kwi-spinal cord. Kwakhona, ezinye ze-reflexes ozenzayo ngaphandle kokuqaphela, njengokurhoxisa isandla sakho ngokukhawuleza xa uchukumisa into eshushu, zilawulwa yile mithambo-luvo yomgogodla.

Zeziphi iingenelo ezinazo ezi mithambo-luvo emizimbeni yethu?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, 'Kulungile, kukho olu hlobo lwemithambo-luvo, kodwa lusenzela ntoni?' Enyanisweni, ngaphandle kwezi zithunywa ezibizwa ngokuba 'ziimithambo-luvo', besingenakukwazi ukwenza nto. Jonga nje ukuba zingaphi izinto ezizilawulayo:

• Intshukumo yokuzithandela: Le mithambo-luvo ilawula zonke iintshukumo esizenzayo ngabom, njengokuphakamisa iingalo zethu, ukuhambisa imilenze yethu, ukuhamba, nokuthetha.
• Ukuva zonke iimvakalelo:
• Ukuchukumisa - ukuziva uchukunyiswa ngumntu okanye ngumoya.
• Intlungu - Yimvakalelo oyifumanayo xa wenzakele okanye ubethwe ndaweni ithile.
• Ukuziva ushushu okanye ubanda.
• Ukuziva ungcangcazela.
• Ukuva.
• Ingqondo yokulinganisela - ikunceda ukuba ungawi xa uhamba.
• Imvakalelo yokungcamla.
• Imvakalelo yokuvumba.
• Umbono.

Konke oku kudluliselwa engqondweni yethu 'yimithambo-luvo'.

• Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ulawulo lokuphefumla.
• Ukulawula ukugaya ukutya.
• Ulawulo lwesantya sentliziyo.
• Impendulo yoxinzelelo: Ukulungiselela umzimba imeko engxamisekileyo.

Imithambo-luvo isebenza njani nezinye iindawo zenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo?

Kulungile, masibone ngoku, ezi 'nerves' azisebenzi zodwa. Ziyenza yonke le nto kunye nayo yonke inkqubo yethu ye-nervous. Kwenzeka njani oko?

Nditshilo ngaphambili ukuba kukho iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo:

1.Inkqubo yeNervous yePeripheral (PNS): Le yinethiwekhi yemithambo-luvo ehamba emzimbeni wonke. Ifana neendlela ezihamba kulo lonke ilizwe. Ezi ndlela (imithambo-luvo) ziqokelela imiyalezo (iimvakalelo) ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba zize zizise kwindlela ephambili, umqolo.

2. 'Inkqubo yeNervous ePhakathi' (Inkqubo yeNervous ePhakathi - i-CNS): Le yindawo yethu yokulawula. Oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo . Yile 'nkqubo yenervous ePhakathi' efumana yonke imiyalezo evela 'kwinkqubo yenervous engaphandle', iziqonde, ize igqibe 'ukuba mayenze ntoni emva koko?'. Emva koko ezo zigqibo zibuyela kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa 'imithambo'.

Cinga ngale ndlela. Ufumana iva linamathele emlenzeni wakho. Umyalezo wentlungu uthunyelwa yimithambo-luvo esemlenzeni wakho (inxalenye ye-PNS) ukuya kwi-spinal cord yakho (inxalenye ye-CNS). Ukusuka kwi-spinal cord, umyalezo uya kwingqondo yakho (elinye icala le-CNS). Ingqondo iyaqonda ukuba, "Owu, iva linamathele kum, libuhlungu." Emva koko ingqondo ithumela umyalezo ngemithambo-luvo ukuya kwimisipha yemilenze yakho, ixelela ukuba "thabatha umlenze wakho." Kwaye uthatha umlenze wakho. Konke oku kwenzeka ngokuphanyaza kweliso!

Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpendulo zenzeka njengezenzo ezizenzekelayo , oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba sicinge ngako, kwinqanaba eliphantsi lokuqonda. Umzekelo sisenzo esikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili sokurhoxisa isandla somntu kwinto eshushu. Oku kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umyalezo ufikelele engqondweni, apho umqolo wenza isigqibo aze asiphumeze. Oku kusenza sikwazi ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza ekonzakaleni.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kwimithambo-luvo xa kuthunyelwa umyalezo?

Olu tshintshiselwano lwemiyalezo aluzenzekeli nje kuphela. Yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, kodwa iyamangalisa. Makhe sijonge okwenzekayo xa i-electrical impulse ihamba nge-nerve:

1. Okokuqala, esi siginali sombane sihamba ngenxalenye ende efana nentambo yemithambo-luvo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'axon' . Cinga ngayo njengombane ohamba ngentambo.

2. Xa ifikelela esiphelweni semithambo-luvo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'axon hillock' , esi siginali yombane iba siginali yekhemikhali .

3. Emva koko, esi siginali sekhemikhali sibangela ukukhululwa kwee-chemical messengers ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters . Ezi zikhutshwa kwi-neuron enye (iseli yemithambo-luvo) ziye kwisithuba esincinci phakathi kwe-neuron elandelayo okanye umsipha. Esi sithuba sibizwa ngokuba yi-synapse . Sifana nebhulorho.

4. Ezo 'zi-neurotransmitter' zikhutshwayo ziya kwi 'receptors' ezikhethekileyo kwi 'neuron' okanye kwisihlunu esilandelayo. Kanye njengokuba isitshixo singena kwisitshixo.

5. Ngolu qhagamshelo, loo signali yekhemikhali iba yisignali yombane kwakhona.

6. Emva koko esi siginali sombane sitsha sihamba ngaloo 'neuron' yesibini.

7. Ngale ndlela, le nkqubo iyaqhubeka ide umyalezo ufikelele kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo – oko kukuthi, indawo efana nobuchopho, umsipha, okanye idlala.

Khawuthelekelele indlela okwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngayo oku! Izigidi zemiyalezo enjalo zidluliselwa emizimbeni yethu ngesiqingatha somzuzwana.

Ziphi ezi mithambo-luvo emzimbeni wethu?

Enyanisweni, imithambo-luvo ikwindawo yonke emizimbeni yethu! Njengokuba imithambo-luvo ikwindawo yonke. Uninzi lwemithambo-luvo luqala kumqolo wethu. Eminye iqala ngqo engqondweni. Emva koko isasazeka emzimbeni wonke.

Nazi ezinye zeendawo eziphambili 'zee-nerves':

• Ezandleni: Imithambo-luvo isuka egxalabeni lakho iye kwiminwe yakho. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Ulnar nerve , i-Median nerve , kunye ne-Radial nerve . Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ubetheka engqinibeni, kuvakala ngathi kukho ukubetheka kombane esandleni sakho kuba i-Ulnar nerve icinezelwe.
• Isifuba nesisu: Le ndawo inemithambo-luvo ebalulekileyo, efana ne-phrenic nerve , enceda ekuphefumleni, kunye ne-vagus nerve, ebandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwamalungu amaninzi ethu angaphakathi.
• Ubuso: Imithambo-luvo efana nemithambo-luvo yobuso, ekuncedayo ukuncuma, ukuthetha, nokuvala amehlo akho, imithambo-luvo ye-trigeminal , ezisa iimvakalelo ebusweni , kunye nemithambo-luvo ye-optic , ethwala oko ukubonayo ukuya engqondweni, ifumaneka ebusweni.
• Emilenzeni: Kukho imithambo-luvo emininzi elawula imvakalelo kunye nokunyakaza emilenzeni. Kuyo, usenokuba ukhe weva ngemithambo-luvo ye-sciatic . Le yeyona mithambo-luvo inde kwaye inkulu emzimbeni. Xa le mithambo-luvo icinezelwe, ibangela i-sciatica. Kukwakho neminye imithambo-luvo emilenzeni, efana nemithambo-luvo ye-femoral kunye nemithambo-luvo ye-tibial .
• I-Pelvis: Le ndawo inemithambo-luvo enxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nemvakalelo yamalungu omzimba, umzekelo , i-pudendal nerve .

Ngamafutshane, olu nxibelelwano 'lweemithambo-luvo' luqala kwiincam zeminwe yakho ukuya phezulu entlokweni yakho.

Yenziwa njani indlela eyakhiwe ngayo imithambo-luvo?

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni engaphakathi 'kwe-nerve' kunye nendlela eyenziwe ngayo. 'I-nerve' ifana nentambo enkulu eneengcingo ezininzi ezincinci ngaphakathi kuyo.

Kukho iinxalenye eziphambili ze-nerve:

• Ii-Axons: Ezi ziintambo ezifana neentambo zemicu ephakathi kwemithambo-luvo. Ziyindlela ephambili yokuhambisa imiyalezo.
• IiDendrites: Ezi ziindawo ezikhula kwi-neuron ezifumana imiyalezo yombane evela kwezinye ii-neurons.
• I-Endoneurium: Le yilaphu yezicubu ezinxibelelanayo ezijikeleze i-axon.
• I-Perineurium:Umaleko wezicubu ezinxibelelanayo ezijikeleze imixokelelwane emincinci (iifascicle) owenziwe kukudibana kwee-axons ezininzi.
• I-Epineurium: Le yingqimba engaphandle yezicubu ezinxibelelanayo ezigubungela yonke imithambo-luvo, njengengxolo yeplastiki engaphandle kwentambo.

Kukho enye into ebaluleke kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Myelin Sheath' . Kukho uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Oligodendrocytes' olujikeleze 'ii-axons' 'zemithambo-luvo' ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho, kunye nohlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Schwann cells' olujikeleze 'ii-axons' 'zemithambo-luvo' engaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomqolo (CNS).

Zombini ii-oligodendrocytes kunye neeseli zeSchwann ziqulethe into enamafutha ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelin. Le myelin yenza isheath eneeleya ezininzi ejikeleze i-axon, ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelin sheath. Oku kufana nokufakwa kwe-insulation ejikeleze intambo yombane. Le sheath ye-myelin yiyo evumela imiyalezo yombane ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza nge-nerve. Khawucinge nje, ukuba le sheath ye-myelin yonakele, kanye njengokuba ukufakwa kwe-insulation kwintambo kuvuza, imithambo-luvo ayinakuthumela imiyalezo ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha, imiyalezo inokuyeka ukuthunyelwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaba kukho izifo ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo?

Ewe, ngelishwa, imithambo-luvo yethu ebaluleke kakhulu inokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki. Xa imithambo-luvo yonakele, okanye xa ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo ngayo kuphazamiseka, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo zinokwenzeka.

Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo:

• I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Oku kubhekisa kumonakalo kwimithambo-luvo engaphandle kwengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo. Oku kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Le meko ixhaphakile kubantu abanesifo seswekile . Iimpawu ziquka ukungaziva, ukurhawuzelelwa, iintlungu, kunye nobuthathaka kwimilenze.
• I-Sciatica: Ndikhe ndathetha ngale nto kancinci ngaphambili. Oku kwenzeka xa kukho uxinzelelo okanye ucinezelo kwiingcambu zemithambo-luvo kumqolo wakho ongezantsi, okanye kwimithambo-luvo ye-sciatic ehamba emilenzeni yakho. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu eziqatha kunye nokungaziva mnandi okuvela emqolo wakho ukuya emilenzeni yakho.

Zininzi nezinye iimeko ezifana nale ezinokuchaphazela imithambo-luvo, ngoko ke ukuba ufumana ukungaziva kakuhle, iintlungu, ubuthathaka, okanye utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha.

Singenza ntoni ukuze sigcine imithambo-luvo yethu iphilile?

Imithambo-luvo yethu ifana nomthombo oxabisekileyo. Ngoko ke luxanduva lwethu ukuyigcina isempilweni kwaye iphilile. Ukuze senze njalo, kukho imikhwa elula, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu esinokuyilandela:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya, okanye ukuba uyatshaya, yeka: Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kungekuphela nje kwimithambo-luvo, kodwa nakumzimba wonke.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutya ukutya okutyebileyo ngeenkozo ezipheleleyo, amafutha asempilweni, iiproteni ezingenamafutha, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Ezi zinto zibonelela ngesondlo esifunekayo kwimithambo-luvo.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunokonakalisa imithambo-luvo.
• Lawula iimeko zonyango ezinokuchaphazela imithambo-luvo: Umzekelo, ukuba unesifo esifana neDiabetes Mellitus , ukuyilawula kakuhle kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela imithambo-luvo yakho.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lwexesha elide alulungelanga imithambo-luvo. Zama ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ngezinto ezifana nokucamngca nokuzilolonga.
• Lala kakuhle: Ukulala kakuhle ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ubusuku ngabunye kubaluleke kakhulu kumzimba wonke, kuquka nemithambo-luvo.
• Sela amanzi aneleyo: Ukugcina umzimba umanzi kukwanceda ukugcina imithambo-luvo isempilweni.

Ukulandela le mikhwa kuya kukunceda ugcine kungekuphela nje imithambo-luvo yakho, kodwa nayo yonke inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo isempilweni.

Yintoni enye onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho malunga nemithambo-luvo?

Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nemithambo-luvo yakho, okanye ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Xa usenza njalo, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• 'Ndingazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ndinentlungu yemithambo-luvo?'
• 'Yintoni enokubangela ukuba ndibe nesifo esinjalo' semithambo-luvo?'
• 'Zeziphi iimvavanyo endinokuzithatha ukuze ndijonge impilo yemithambo-luvo yam?'
• 'Zeziphi iindlela zonyango endinokuzifumana ukuphucula impilo yenkqubo yam yemithambo-luvo?'
• 'Ndingazithintela njani ezi ngxaki 'zovalo' ukuba zingaphindi zenzeke?'

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nale uze uqonde kakuhle imeko yakho.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngemithambo-luvo namhlanje. Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba imithambo-luvo yinkqubo emangalisayo nentsonkothileyo ehamba kuyo yonke imizimba yethu, ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni ukuya kuthi ga ngqo.

Ezi 'nerve' zidibanisa ingqondo yethu, umqolo, kunye nayo yonke enye indawo yomzimba wethu. Yiyo loo nto sinokuziva, sishukume, sicinge, kwaye sithethe. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ezi 'nerve' zikwalawula izinto 'ezizenzekelayo' esizenzayo singazi, njengokuphefumla nokugaya ukutya.

Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke kuwe ukugcina inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo isempilweni. Ukulandela imikhwa yempilo endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili (ukutya kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, ukulala ngokwaneleyo, nokungatshayi) kuya kunika yonke inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo amandla. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha. Emva koko ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo!

Imithambo - luvo, ubuchopho, umqolo, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, imvakalelo, intshukumo