Xa sicinga ngamathambo, siwacinga njengento enika amandla nokuqina emzimbeni, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu kukho into emangalisayo, njengomzi-mveliso ophilayo? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-bone marrow, okanye ngesiNgesi `(Bone Marrow)`. Le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nebaluleke kakhulu ebomini bethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale bone marrow ngokulula.
Kalula nje, yintoni le thambo lomongo?
Umongo wethambo sisicwili esithambileyo nesifana nejeli ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu. Enyanisweni, yindawo ephambili yokwenza igazi emizimbeni yethu. Zonke iiseli zakho zegazi, kuquka iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets, zenziwa kulo mongo wethambo.
Cinga ngomongo wethambo njengomzi-mveliso oyintloko wenkampani enkulu. Le mzi-mveliso kulapho umzimba wenza khona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo "zabasebenzi" (oko kukuthi iiseli zegazi) ozifunayo uze uzithumele emzimbeni wonke ngemithambo yegazi.
- Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Ezi "ziinkonzo zokuhambisa" ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.
- Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi "ngumkhosi wokuzikhusela" wemizimba yethu. Zilwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.
- Iiplatelets: Eli "liqela lokulungisa" eliyekisa ukopha xa kukho ukwenzakala kwenye indawo.
Konke oku kuveliswa kumongo wethambo. Akupheleli apho, kodwa umongo wethambo ukwanceda ukugcina amafutha ukuze umzimba uwasebenzise xa uwadinga. Ngenxa yoko, asinakuphila ngaphandle komongo wethambo.
Ubusazi na ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomongo wethambo?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomongo emizimbeni yethu. Zahlulwe ngombala wazo. Ngokomyinge, umntu omdala une-2.5 yeekhilogram zeendidi zombini emzimbeni wakhe.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo zimbini.
| Uhlobo lomongo wethambo | Umsebenzi oyintloko kunye nenkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umongo weBombo obomvu | Le yeyona mveliso iphambili eyenza iiseli zethu zegazi. Kwizonyango, le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-Hematopoiesis . Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets ziveliswa kwiiseli ezikhethekileyo ze-stem ngaphakathi komongo obomvu wethambo. |
| Umongo Wethambo Omthubi | Olu hlobo lwenziwe kakhulu ngamafutha. Umsebenzi walo ophambili kukugcina amafutha ukuze asetyenziswe xa kufuneka amandla. Kwakhona, iiseli ze-stem ezikuyo zinokunceda ekwakheni amathambo, i-cartilage, izihlunu kunye neeseli zamafutha. |
Xa sisebancinci, de sibe neminyaka esi-7 ubudala, amathambo ethu phantse abe enziwe ngomongo obomvu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngelo xesha, umzimba udinga iiseli ezininzi zegazi ukuze ukhule. Njengoko sikhula, enye yale mongo obomvu ijika ibe ngumongo otyheli.
Ndinganikela ngomongo wethambo? Ngoba?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka. Yinto entle kakhulu ukuyenza ukusindisa ubomi. Kwezinye izifo, ingakumbi i-leukemia, engumhlaza wegazi, iiseli ezikumongo wethambo ziba zingaqhelekanga, zithintela ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi ezisempilweni kwaye zivumele iiseli zomhlaza ezingaqhelekanga ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza.
Ngamaxesha anje, ngokutshintsha umongo wethambo ukusuka kumntu ophilileyo ukuya kumntu ogulayo (Bone Marrow Transplant), umzimba wesigulana unokuqalisa ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni kwakhona.
Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ii-stem cells eziphilileyo, ezithathwe kumntu ophilileyo, zifakwa egazini lomguli. Emva koko ii-cells ziya kuhlala kumongo wethambo lomguli zize ziqale ukwenza ii-blood cells eziphilileyo.
Zeziphi izifo ezichaphazela umongo wethambo?
Ekubeni umongo wethambo uyindawo ephambili yokuveliswa kwegazi, izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene negazi zinokuvela xa umsebenzi womongo wethambo uphazamisekile. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezifo eziphambili ezinjalo.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Leukemia | Lo ngumhlaza ochaphazela umongo wamathambo kunye negazi. Iiseli ezikumongo wamathambo ziyaguquka kwaye zivelise inani elikhulu leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ngaphandle kolawulo. |
| I-Multiple Myeloma | Uhlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba zii-plasma cells kwi-bone marrow luba ngumhlaza kwaye lukhula ngendlela engalawulekiyo. |
| I-Aplastic Anemia | Okwenzekayo koku kukuba umongo wethambo awuvelisi iiseli zegazi ezaneleyo (ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets). Kufana nokuba ifektri yomongo wethambo iyeka ukusebenza. |
| I-Polycythemia Vera | Oku kwenzeka xa umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezininzi kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi lijiye kwaye inyuse umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi. |
| Iimpawu zeMyelodysplastic | Eli liqela lezifo. Kule meko, iiseli zegazi eziveliswa ngumongo wethambo aziphilile kwaye azisebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, inani leeseli zegazi ezisempilweni emzimbeni liyancipha. |
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi zifo?
Nangona isifo ngasinye sineempawu ezithile xa kukho ingxaki ngomongo wethambo, ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukudinwa nokudinwa: Ukuba umzimba awunazo iiseli ezibomvu ezaneleyo, awufumani ioksijini oyifunayo.
- Izifo ezixhaphakileyo: Ngenxa yokungabikho kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi eziphilileyo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iba buthathaka.
- Ukukruquka nokuphuma kwegazi lula: Ngenxa yokuba iiplatelets azikho kakhulu, nokuba kukruquka kancinci kuthatha ixesha elide ukuyeka ukopha. Ulusu lunokukruquka lula.
- Ubuthathaka bemisipha.
- Ubumhlophe.
Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike icebiso.
Ungayijonga njani impilo yomongo wethambo?
Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unengxaki ngomongo wakho wethambo, kukho iimvavanyo ezimbini ezinokuqinisekisa oko. Zombini ezi vavanyo zihlala zenziwa phantsi kwesixhobo sokudambisa iintlungu, ukuze ungaziva ntlungu ingako.
1. Ukufuthwa kweBone Marrow: Kule nto, kusetyenziswa inaliti ekhethekileyo ukususa isampuli yolwelo kunye neeseli kumongo wethambo. Le sampuli iyavavanywa ukuze kuchongwe ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeeseli ezikumongo wethambo nokuba ziqhelekile okanye aziqhelekanga.
2. I-Bone Marrow Biopsy:Kule meko, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu zomongo wethambo kusetyenziswa inaliti enkulu kancinci. Oku kusenza siqonde ngcono indlela ezimi ngayo iiseli kumongo wethambo, kunye neentlobo nobukhulu beeseli.
Emva kolu vavanyo, kunokubakho iintlungu kunye nokukrweleka apho inaliti ifakwe khona kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa oko kuqhelekile.
Singenza ntoni ukuze sigcine umongo wethambo usempilweni?
Ekubeni umongo wethambo usisiseko samathambo ethu, igazi, kunye nezihlunu, ukwenza izinto ezinceda ukugcina ezo ndawo ziphilile kulungile nakumongo wethambo.
- Yitya ukutya okuneproteni eninzi: Faka ukutya okuneproteni eninzi njengenyama engenamafutha, intlanzi, iimbotyi, amandongomane, ubisi, kunye namaqanda ekutyeni kwakho. Iiproteni zibalulekile ekwakheni iiseli ezisempilweni.
- Lumka iivithamini kunye neeminerali zakho: I-iron, i-vitamin B9 (i-folic acid), kunye ne-vitamin B12 zibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwegazi. Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwezi zinto (imifuno, inyama, amandongomane). Kodwa qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe iipilisi zevithamini.
- Lawula ezinye iimeko zempilo: Ezinye iimeko zempilo zinokuchaphazela ngokungathanga ngqo ukusebenza komongo wethambo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kuzo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onokuba nazo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo, ukulala kakuhle, kunye nokutya okunesondlo kuluncedo kwimpilo yawo onke amalungu omzimba, kuquka nomongo wethambo.
Umongo wethambo ufana neqhawe elithuleyo, kodwa elibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Luxanduva lwethu ukuqaphela oko nokunyamekela impilo yethu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umongo wethambo ngumthombo ophambili ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu ovelisa iiseli zegazi (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets).
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomongo wamathambo, obomvu notyheli. Igazi lenziwa ikakhulu ngomongo wamathambo obomvu.
- Kwimihlaza yegazi efana ne-leukemia, ukusebenza komongo wethambo kuyaphazamiseka. Ukufakelwa umongo wethambo okunempilo kunokuba lunyango olusindisa ubomi kwizigulana ezinjalo.
- Kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukugula rhoqo, okanye ukukrweleka okulula.
- Ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwiiproteni neevithamini kunye nendlela yokuphila enempilo kunceda ukugcina impilo yomongo wamathambo.
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