Masifunde yonke into malunga nenxalenye engaphambili yengqondo yakho ngendlela elula.

Ingqondo yethu sisitho esimangalisayo kakhulu, akunjalo? Sinoxanduva phantse kuyo yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyivayo, nesiyenzayo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ekhethekileyo nebaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho. Leyo yinxalenye engaphambili yobuchopho, okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza, "iFrontal Lobe".

Yintoni i-frontal lobe yobuchopho? Iphi?

Ngamafutshane, "i-Frontal Lobe" yenye yezona ndawo zintlanu ziphambili zobuchopho bakho. Njengoko igama lisitsho, ikwindawo engaphambili kwentloko yakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, le ndawo ibalulekileyo ikwindawo engasemva kwebunzi lakho. Yicinge njenge "igumbi lokulawula" elingaphakathi kwentloko yakho.

Le `(Frontal Lobe)` isebenza ngokubambisana nezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Nantoni na esiyenzayo ngabom, oko kukuthi, ukucinga nokubala, ukwenza izigqibo, le nxalenye inceda kuzo zonke ezi zinto. Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani, iingcali zithi phakathi kwama-25% nama-40% e`(Cerebral Cortex)`, umphezulu ogobileyo ophezu kwengqondo yethu, wenziwe ngale `(Frontal Lobe).` Inkulu kancinci loo nto, akunjalo?

Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni ngale (Frontal Lobe)? Inceda ntoni imizimba yethu?

Enyanisweni, kukho imisebenzi emininzi eyenziwa yile "Frontal Lobe". Makhe sijonge eminye yemisebenzi ephambili:

• Ukuqiqa: Oku kuquka yonke into ukusuka ekucingeni nje ngento ethile ukuya ekuhlalutyeni ulwazi ngendlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ukucinga ngengqiqo, ukufikelela kwizigwebo, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokudala izinto ezintsha (ubuchule) konke oku kuwela phantsi kolu didi.
• Ukuqondana kwezentlalo: Oku "(Frontal Lobe)" kusinceda siqonde izinto ezifana nemigaqo eyamkelekileyo kuluntu, indlela esifanele siziphathe ngayo, okulungileyo ukuthetha, kunye nokubi ukuthetha. Kufana "nekhampasi yethu yentlalo."
• Imisebenzi yoLawulo: Oku kungabonakala kunzima kancinci, kodwa ngokufutshane, kuquka izinto ezifana nokuzibamba, ukuzibamba, ixesha lokuqwalasela, kunye nenkumbulo yokusebenza, oku kukukwazi ukukhumbula ulwazi olunxulumene nento ethile ngelixa usenza.
• Iintshukumo zemisipha ngokuzithandela: Zonke iintshukumo zakho zemisipha ngokuzithandela, njengokuphakamisa isandla sakho, ukuthabatha into ethile, okanye ukuvuka nokuhamba, zilawulwa apha. Kwakhona, inxalenye yengqondo elawula izihlunu esizisebenzisayo ukuthetha ikwafumaneka kule ``Frontal Lobe``.
• Ulwazi lokufunda nokukhumbula: Eli candelo likunceda ufunde into entsha, uyikhumbule ukuze uyisebenzise kamva, kwaye ukhumbule nezinto ezindala.

Khawucinge nje, le "Frontal Lobe" ikunceda ukususela xa uvuka kusasa uze ucwangcise usuku lwakho, ukuya emsebenzini nokusombulula ingxaki, ukuya kuthetha nomhlobo.

Yenziwe ngantoni le (Frontal Lobe)?

Njengayo yonke ingqondo yethu, i-"Frontal Lobe" yenziwe ziintlobo zeeseli ezikhethekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli:

1. Ii-Neuron: Ezi ziiseli zonxibelelwano eziphambili kwingqondo nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zinokuthumela imiqondiso kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ezi miqondiso zihamba ngaphakathi kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo njengemiyalezo yombane (iimpembelelo). Emva koko, ezi mpawu zombane ziguqulwa zibe ziikhemikhali kwaye zikhutshwe kwiseli yemithambo-luvo. Iseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo iyaziqonda ezo khemikhali kwaye yenze olunye uphawu lombane. Yileyo ndlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwengqondo.

2. Iiseli zeGlial: Ezi "ziiseli ezincedisayo" zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Azidlulisi imiqondiso, kodwa zenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo, njengokugcina iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ukususa inkunkuma, ukubonelela ngesondlo, kunye nokugcina isakhiwo siqinile.

Ziziphi izifo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-frontal lobe?

Phantse nasiphi na isifo esinokonakalisa izicubu zobuchopho sinokuchaphazela i-frontal lobe. Kwakhona, kukho ezinye iimeko zophuhliso lwe-neurological ezichaphazela uphuhliso lobuchopho ezinokubangela iimpawu ezinxulumene ngqo ne-frontal lobe. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeemeko ezinokuchaphazela:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ubunzima bokuthetha, ingakumbi `(Expressive aphasia)` okanye `(Broca's aphasia)` (apho uyazi khona into ofuna ukuyithetha, kodwa kunzima ukuhlanganisa amagama)
• Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo (ADHD)
• Isifo se-Autism spectrum
• Ukulimala okanye umonakalo ebuchotsheni (Izilonda ebuchotsheni) (ezi zinokubangelwa zizifo okanye izinto ezifana notyando)
• Iithumba zobuchopho (zombini iithumba ezinomhlaza nezingengomhlaza)
• Ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide
• Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula ingqondo kunye nezinye iingozi ezinzulu zobuchopho
• Ukonakala kwe-corticobasal
• Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-frontotemporal dementia (umzekelo, isifo sikaPick)
• Iimeko zemfuza (umz. isifo sikaHuntington, isifo sikaWilson)
• Intloko ebuhlungu kunye neMigraines
• Ityhefu yesinyithi esinzima okanye ukuginywa kwezinye izinto ezinobuthi
• Iintsholongwane (ingakumbi izifo ezibangela umkhuhlane wobuchopho, ezifana ne-encephalitis)
• Iimeko zempilo yengqondo, umzekelo iingxaki zeemvakalelo, iingxaki zokuxhalaba, kunye neengxaki zobuntu
• I-Lewy body dementia
• Ukuxhuzula (ingakumbi ukuxhuzula kwe-frontal lobe) kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nokuxhuzula ezifana nesifo sokuxhuzula
• I-Stroke kunye ne-Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengxaki nge-Frontal Lobe?

Enyanisweni, zininzi iimpawu ezinokubangelwa yingxaki kwi-"Frontal Lobe". Zimbini izizathu zokuba ezi mpawu zahluke:

1. Kuba "i-Frontal Lobe yakho" yenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

2. Kuba inani elikhulu leemeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokuchaphazela le "Frontal Lobe".

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezininzi eziqhele ukubonwa xa kukho iingxaki kwi-"Frontal Lobe":

• Utshintsho lobuntu: Izinto ezinje ngokuba nenkani ngakumbi kunangaphambili, ukucaphuka ngokukhawuleza, nokuziphatha ngendlela engamkelekanga ebantwini.
• Ubunzima bokubona unobangela nesiphumo, ukugxila, ukuhlela izinto, ukucwangcisa, okanye ukutshintsha ingqalelo ukusuka komnye umsebenzi ukuya komnye.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ubunzima ekwenzeni izigqibo, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokuzibamba.
• Ubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo nezenzo zomntu, ingakumbi ukulahlekelwa lulawulo kwinto ayithethayo nayenzayo.
• Ezinye iintlobo zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (i-Amnesia).
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa izihlunu ezithile, kuquka nezihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuthetha.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo ye-frontal lobe?

Oogqirha baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga impilo ye-frontal lobe yakho. Ezi ziquka iimvavanyo zokuxilonga, iimvavanyo zelebhu, kunye nee-imaging scans. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuya kwiityhefu emzimbeni (ingakumbi iimetali ezifana nobhedu, i-mercury, kunye ne-lead).
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• Uvavanyo lwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram - i-EEG) (jonga umsebenzi wombane wengqondo)
• Uvavanyo lwe-EMG (i-Electromyogram - uvavanyo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo) (lubona isantya semiyalezo ehamba ngemithambo-luvo)
• Ii-potentials ezivuselelweyo - uvavanyo lweemvakalelo (jonga indlela iimvakalelo ezihamba ngayo ziye engqondweni)
• Iskeni se-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance - i-MRI)
• Uvavanyo lwe-neuropsychological (luvavanya izinto ezifana nokucinga, inkumbulo, ingqalelo, njl.njl.)
• Iskeni yePET (iPositron Emission Tomography - iskeni yePET)

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lweemeko ezichaphazela i-frontal lobe?

Unyango lweemeko ezinxulumene ne-Frontal Lobe lunokwahluka njengeemeko ngokwazo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika ingcebiso engcono malunga neendlela zonyango ezifanelekileyo kwimeko yakho kunye noko ugqirha wakho akucebisayo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba uneempawu.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine i-Frontal Lobe yam isempilweni?

Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukugcina ingqondo yakho yonke, kuquka ne-frontal lobe yakho, isempilweni. Ezinye iimeko zengqondo zinokuthintelwa. Nangona ezinye zingenakuthintelwa, unganciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nazo. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukugcina ingqondo yakho isempilweni:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Ukutya okutyayo kuchaphazela impilo yenkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo kubalulekile ukuze ingqondo isebenze kakuhle (umzekelo, istroke siyenzeka xa iingxaki zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi zichaphazela ingqondo). Kwakhona, iivithamini ezithile ezininzi okanye ezincinci kakhulu zinokuchaphazela ingqondo.
• Fumana iindlela zokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunye nokusebenza ngokomzimba: Ubunzima bakho kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi wakho kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa iimeko ezichaphazela ingqondo, ingakumbi iingxaki zentliziyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ungacela ingcebiso kugqirha wakho wosapho malunga nokuba uluhlu lobunzima obusempilweni lukulungele kangakanani kunye nento onokuyenza ukuze ulugcine. Umsebenzi womzimba uchaphazela ngqo impilo yengqondo. Unceda ukujikeleza kwegazi kakuhle, kwaye unceda ingqondo ukuvelisa izithunywa zeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"neurotransmitters".
• Nxiba izixhobo zokukhusela xa kuyimfuneko: Ekubeni i-frontal lobe yakho ikwindawo engaphambili kwentloko yakho, usengozini enkulu yokuba neengxolo zomzimba kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela ezifana nezigcina-ntloko kunye neebhanti zokuhlala xa ukhwela izithuthi.
• Lawula izifo zakho ezingapheliyo: Iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela ingqondo ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ungaziyeka okanye uzilibazise ukuba zibi kakhulu. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-Type 2 Diabetes kunye ne-Epilepsy.

Ibali elinomdla malunga neLobe yangaphambili!

"I-Frontal Lobe" yakho kulapho iindawo zengqondo yakho ezilawula ukuba ungubani, ingakumbi ubuntu bakho nendlela oziphatha ngayo, zikhoyo. Indlela ocinga ngayo, amandla akho okusombulula iingxaki, amandla akho okwenza ubudlelwane nabantu, ukuziphatha kwakho, kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuqonda okulungileyo nokungalunganga konke kuxhomekeke kwiindawo ze-"Frontal Lobe" yakho.

Iingcali zafunda oku ngenxa yomphathi wesitimela ogama linguPhineas Gage. Ngo-1848, intonga yentsimbi yangena entlokweni kaGage ngexesha lokuqhuma kwindawo yokwakha uloliwe, yonakalisa icala lasekhohlo le-lobe yakhe yangaphambili. Ngaphambi kwengozi, uGage wayeyinkokeli ezolileyo, ehlonitshwayo phakathi kwabasebenzi awayesebenza nabo. Ngokumangalisayo, uGage wasinda kuloo ngozi. Kodwa emva kwengozi, ubuntu bakhe batshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Waba nomsindo, akahloneli, kwaye wayesoloko esebenzisa ulwimi olungcolileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lobuntu bukaGage aluzange lube yinto ehlala ihleli. Kwiminyaka emine emva kwengozi, uGage waya eChile, eMzantsi Melika, waza wasebenza njengomqhubi wenqwelo erhuqwa ngamahashe. Ugqirha owahlola uGage ngasekupheleni kuka-1858 okanye ekuqaleni kuka-1859 waxela ukuba wayesempilweni emzimbeni kwaye "wayengenangxaki yengqondo."

Nangona uGage wachacha kakhulu kule ngozi, wasweleka eSan Francisco ngo-1860 ngenxa yokuxhuzula. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oku kuxhuzula kwakubangelwa kukonakala awakufumanayo kuloo ngozi. Nangona kunjalo, ityala lakhe linegalelo elikhulu ekuqondeni kwezonyango zanamhlanje ngento eyenzekayo kwi-frontal lobe, ingakumbi indlela echaphazela ngayo ubuntu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Xa ucinga nge-"Frontal Lobe" yakho, uxelela inxalenye yengqondo yakho ukuba icinge ngayo. I-"Frontal Lobe" yakho yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zengqondo yakho. Ilawula kwaye ilawula uninzi lwezakhono ozisebenzisayo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Kwakhona kulapho ulawula khona izinto ezinje ngobuntu bakho, iimvakalelo zakho, kunye nokugweba.

Ngoko ke, ukuyinyamekela kakuhle "i-Frontal Lobe yakho", nokufumana unyango lweemeko eziyichaphazelayo, kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwindlela enegalelo ngayo ebomini bakho. Ingqondo sisixhobo esixabisekileyo, kwaye luxanduva lwethu ukuyikhusela.

I- frontal lobe, umsebenzi wobuchopho, ubuntu, ukwenza izigqibo, impilo yobuchopho, i-neuroscience