Kuthekani ukuba ngequbuliso uphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu ongazange ube nayo ebomini bakho? Okanye ukuba ngequbuliso uphathwa yimeko efana nokuxhuzula ngaphandle kwesizathu? Nangona sihlala sicinga ngezi zinto njengesiqhelo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho isizathu esingasemva koku esingakasiva kangako, kodwa esifanele sikhathazeke kakhulu ngaso. Leyo yimeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa enokuba yingozi kakhulu esithetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-AVM.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le AVM (Arteriovenous Malformation)?
Cinga ngokujikeleza kwegazi emizimbeni yethu njengenkqubo yeendlela. Imithambo yegazi ifana neendlela ezinkulu. Ithwala igazi elicocekileyo, elinomoya-mpilo omninzi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya engqondweni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Imithambo yegazi ifana neendlela ezincinci. Ibuyisela igazi elisetyenzisiweyo, elingenawo umoya-mpilo omninzi entliziyweni.
Kukho indawo edibanisa ezi ndlela zinkulu (imithambo yegazi) kunye neendlela ezincinci (imithambo yegazi) ukuze kuhambelane kwaye kulawulwe isantya. Le ndawo idibanisayo yinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincinci esiyibiza ngokuba zii-capillaries. Kulapho uxinzelelo lwegazi oluvela kwindlela luncitshiswa khona, ioksijini kunye nezondlo zinikwa izicubu ezingqongileyo, zize zibuyiselwe kwimithambo yegazi.
Khawucinge nje, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba, ngesizathu esithile, le ndawo idibanayo (ii-capillaries) ibingafumaneki, kwaye umgaqo omkhulu (umthambo) ubunokuthi ngequbuliso udibane nendlela encinci (umthambo)? Xa ukuhamba kwegazi okukhawulezayo, okunoxinzelelo oluphezulu kungena kumthambo obuthathaka ongakwaziyo ukumelana noxinzelelo, loo mthambo unokuqhuma.
Loo ngxaki ingaqhelekanga, edibeneyo yemithambo yegazi yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-Arteriovenous Malformation , okanye i-AVM . Le ngxaki idibeneyo, njengendlwane yentaka, inokubangela umngcipheko omkhulu.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-AVM:
Nangona ii-AVM zinokukhula naphi na emzimbeni wethu, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini.
| Uhlobo lwe-AVM | Indawo kunye nenkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ii-AVM zobuchopho | Ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo. Zinokuvela ngaphakathi kwithishu yobuchopho, kumphezulu wobuchopho, kwisiqu sobuchopho, okanye kumnqonqo. Ezi zezona ziyingozi kakhulu. |
| Ii-AVM ezenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ii-AVM ezikwicala) | Ezi zinokwenzeka naphi na ngaphandle kwengqondo. Umzekelo, ezi nodules zinokwenzeka nakwizitho ezifana nobuso, iingalo, imilenze, intliziyo, isibindi, okanye imiphunga. |
Zithini iimpawu ze-AVM?
Into emangalisayo ngale nto kukuba malunga ne -15% yabantu abane-AVM ababonisi zimpawu. Ixesha elininzi, ufumanisa ukuba unayo emva kokuba iqhumile kwaye iqale ukopha engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezithile.
| Udidi lweempawu | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ezinxulumene nobuchopho | |
| Iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo | - Ukuxhuzula nokuba ungazi nto okanye ungazi nto. - Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, ebuhlungu ngequbuliso. - Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo kwelinye icala lomzimba. - Ukungabi nangqondo emzimbeni. - Iingxaki zokuhamba, ukuthetha, ukukhumbula, ukucinga, okanye ukubona. |
| Iingxaki zengqondo nezeemvakalelo | - Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza. - Isiyezi. - Ukudideka kwengqondo okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo. |
| Iimpawu Kwezinye Iindawo Zomzimba | |
| Imiphunga, umqolo, kunye nesisu | - Ukuba i-AVM ikwimiphunga, unokufumana ukuphefumla okufutshane okanye ukukhohlela igazi xa usenza umthambo. - Ukuba i-AVM ikwi-spinal cord, intlungu ebuhlungu ngequbuliso kunye nokungakhululeki emilenzeni. - Intlungu zesisu. |
| Imilenze kunye nolusu | - Amaqhuma avela ezingalweni, emilenzeni, okanye esiqwini. - Intlungu kunye nokudumba kwindawo echaphazelekayo. |
Kutheni le nto ezi AVM zenzeka?
Izazinzulu azikayazi eyona nto ibangela le meko, kodwa zikholelwa ukuba yimeko yokuzalwa . Oku kuthetha ukuba amaqhina emithambo yegazi ayakheka njengoko umntwana ekhula esibelekweni. Amaxesha amaninzi, anokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Ngowuphi umonakalo onokubangelwa yi-AVM emzimbeni?
Ukuba ne-AVM kunokubangela iingozi ezintathu eziphambili:
- Ukopha: Le yeyona ngozi inkulu neyingozi . Xa igazi liphuma kwimithambo yegazi ephantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lingena kwimithambo yegazi ebuthathaka engakwaziyo ukumelana noxinzelelo, imithambo yegazi ingaqhuma. Ukuba oku kukopha kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo, kunokubangela isifo sohlangothi, okubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade engqondweni okanye nokufa.
- Ukucinezela izicubu ezingqongileyo: Njengoko igazi lizalisa ngendlela engaqhelekanga, lo mthambo wegazi unokukhula kwaye ucinezele kwiindawo ezingqongileyo zobuchopho okanye imithambo-luvo. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokuxhuzula kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha.
- Ukunciphisa ioksijini kwizicubu: Ngenxa yokuba iindawo ezidityanisiweyo ze-capillary esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili azikho, ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezisegazini azitshintshiselwani nezicubu ezijikelezileyo. Igazi lihamba ngqo ukusuka kumthambo ukuya emthanjeni. Ngenxa yoko, izicubu kunye neeseli zemithambo-luvo ezikuloo ndawo azifumani izondlo ezifunekayo kwaye zinokufa.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Emva kokumamela iimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxilonga. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa umamele nge-stethoscope, unokuva isandi "se-bruit" esahlukileyo, esibangelwa kukuhamba kwegazi ngokukhawuleza kwi-AVM.
Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kukho i-AVM, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwemifanekiso.
- Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Amaza emagnethi angasetyenziselwa ukufumana imifanekiso ecacileyo yengqondo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
- Iskeni ye-CT (Computed Tomography): Uthotho lwemifanekiso yobuchopho enqamlezileyo ifunyanwa kusetyenziswa ii-X-reyi.
- I-Catheter Angiography: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalaseleyo lokukhangela i-AVM. Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ngomthambo osesinqeni okanye engalweni ize ikhokelwe kwimithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni. Emva koko kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi, nto leyo evumela ukuba indawo, ubungakanani, kunye nokuma komthambo wegazi kubonakale ngokucacileyo kwi-X-ray.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-AVM?
Isigqibo sokunyanga i-AVM, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ukuba loluphi unyango oluza kusetyenziswa, siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela ubudala bakho, impilo, ubungakanani kunye nendawo ye-AVM, kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwayo.
Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wokopha.
| Indlela yonyango | Indlela yokwenza oko |
|---|---|
| Utyando | Olu lolona nyango luphumelele kakhulu. Ugqirha wezifo zengqondo wenza utyando oluncinci engqondweni, avale imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwi-AVM kunye nemithambo yegazi eyikhuphayo, aze ayisuse ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi. Ukuba i-AVM isusiwe ngokupheleleyo, isifo siyanyangeka. |
| Ukwakhiwa kwe-embolization | Olu asilotyando. Njengakwi-angiography, i-catheter ifakwa kwi-AVM kwaye kufakwa into ekhethekileyo efana neglue okanye iintambo ezincinci zocingo kuyo ukuze kumiswe ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Le nkqubo ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngaphambi kotyando. |
| Utyando lweRadiosurgery lweGamma Knife® | Oku akuyondlela yotyando. Apha, inani elikhulu lemitha ye-radiation lijoliswe kwi-AVM ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu. Le mitha ibangela ukuba umthambo wegazi unciphe kancinci kancinci, uvale, kwaye ungasebenzi kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka. |
Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulawula iimpawu ezifana nokuxhuzula okanye iintloko ezibuhlungu.
Ixesha lokufumana ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza!
Kungxamisekile ukuba umntu one-AVM uhlangabezana neempawu ezithile.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ngequbuliso uhlangabezana "nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu ebomini bam", ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa lilungu lomzimba, okanye ubunzima bokubona/bokuthetha, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane nawe ngokukhawuleza.
Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokopha engqondweni. Ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kunokusindisa ubomi kwaye kunciphise umonakalo engqondweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-AVM yithumba lemithambo yegazi elingaqhelekanga kodwa elinokuba yingozi elibakho xa umntu ezalwa.
- Eyona ngozi iphambili neyingozi kakhulu yile yokuba ingaqhuma ibangele ukopha engqondweni (stroke) .
- Uninzi lwabantu alunazo iimpawu. Kodwa ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ukuxhuzula, okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwi -ETU ngoko nangoko.
- Namhlanje, kukho iindlela zonyango eziphumelela kakhulu ezifana notyando, ukufakelwa kwemithambo yegazi, kunye notyando lwe-radiosurgery.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-AVM, musa ukoyika. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olungcono kwimeko yakho.
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