Masiqhelane kakuhle negxalaba lakho.

Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngelungu elibaluleke kakhulu nelihlala linengxaki emzimbeni wethu. Elo lilungu lamagxa . Xa uvuka kusasa uze ujike ingalo yakho, uphakamise ubunzima, okanye udlale ikhilikithi, eli lungu lamagxa linceda kuzo zonke ezi zinto. Ngoko masibone ukuba yintoni kanye kanye, isebenza njani, kwaye zeziphi izifo ezinokubangelwa yiyo.

Yintoni igxalaba?

Ngamafutshane, ilungu yindawo apho iziphelo zamathambo amabini zidibana khona ukuvumela intshukumo. Igxalaba lakho lenziwe ngamalunga amabini aphambili. La malungu adibanisa amathambo amathathu egxalaba lakho. Olu nxibelelwano luqiniswa ngakumbi zizicubu ezithambileyo, ezifana nezihlunu, imisipha, imisipha kunye ne-cartilage.

Amathambo amathathu aphambili egxalabeni lakho ngala:

• Ithambo legxalaba `(iScapula)`
• I-Clavicle - Abanye abantu babiza oku ngokuthi yi-collar bone.
• I-Humerus - Eli lithambo elide elingalweni yakho engasentla.

La mathambo mathathu adibene kwaye ahamba kunye emagxeni, yiyo loo nto sinokujika iingalo zethu ziye nakweyiphi na indlela, sigobe iingqiniba zethu, size sisebenze ngezandla zethu. Khawucinge nje, uyilo olumangalisayo lwale gxalaba lusenza sikwazi ukujikeleza iingalo zethu xa siphosa ibhola.

Ngawaphi amalungu amabini aphambili egxalabeni?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge la malungu mabini aphambili egxalabeni. Zombini ezi zibaluleke kakhulu.

• Eyokuqala yi -`Acromioclavicular joint` . Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lide kancinci, lidibanisa umphezulu wegxalaba lakho (obizwa ngokuba yi-`acromion`) nethambo lakho lentamo (i-`Clavicle`). Eli lilungu eliphuma kancinci phezulu kwegxalaba lakho.

• Eyesibini yi -'Glenohumeral joint' . Eli lilungu elikhulu neliphambili abantu abaninzi abacinga ngalo xa besithi 'ilungu lamagxa'. Kulapho inxalenye efana nebhola yethambo lakho elingaphezulu lengalo '(iHumerus)' ingena khona kwinxalenye efana nekomityi yethambo lakho legxa '(iScapula)' (ebizwa ngokuba yi-'glenoid cavity'). Kulapho uninzi lwentshukumo yengalo lwenzeka khona.

Loluphi uhlobo lwelungu elixhunyelweyo emagxeni?

Ilungu legxalaba, ingakumbi ilungu le-glenohumeral, lilungu le-ball-and-socket . Likwabizwa ngokuba lilungu le-spheroidal. Khawuthelekelele ukuba isiphelo esingqukuva selinye ithambo singena kwi-socket efana nekomityi kwelinye ithambo.

Ungazama oku. Bamba isandla sakho sasekunene esinqeni sakho uze usibeke esandleni sakho sasekhohlo. Ngoku songa isandla sakho sasekhohlo esinqeni sasekunene. Ngelixa ubambe inqindi yakho yasekunene esandleni sakho sasekhohlo, hambisa isandla sakho sasekunene phezulu nasezantsi, ecaleni ukuya kwelinye, nangaphaya. Yiloo ndlela ohamba ngayo xa "udibanisa ibhola nesokethi".

Ngenxa yokusebenza okudibeneyo kwala malungu mabini egxalabeni kunye nendlela i-blade yegxala ehamba ngayo ngasemva nangaphambili phezu kwe-rib cage, igxala linokuhamba ngomgama omkhulu kunalo naliphi na elinye ilungu emzimbeni wethu. Oko kuthetha ukuba singashukumisa ingalo yethu phambili, ngasemva, phezulu, ecaleni, macala onke, nakweyiphi na indlela.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwilungu legxalaba?

Ngoko ke, into ephambili eyenziwa ligxalaba kukuvumela ukuba ushukumise ingalo yakho. Ngokudibanisa loo mathambo mathathu, kukuvumela ukuba wenze iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo. Cinga ngayo, xa ufikelela kwinto ethile eshelufini, xa uphosa ibhola, xa unxiba impahla, xa ukama iinwele zakho, xa ubhala, xa utya... zonke ezi zinto zinokwenzeka ngaphandle kwegxalaba. Kufana 'nephaneli yokulawula' yengalo yethu.

Isebenza njani igxalaba?

Amathambo egxalaba asingomathambo nje kuphela. Anamalungu amaninzi awaxhasayo kwaye awancede ashukume kakuhle. Makhe sijonge ukuba ayintoni na:

• IiLigaments kunye neeTendons: Ezi zizinto ezifana nomtya, kodwa ziqinile, neziguquguqukayo. IiLigaments zibamba amathambo ndawonye ngokuqinileyo, ukuze ilungu lingashukumi. IiTendons zidibanisa izihlunu namathambo. Xa sifuna ukuhambisa ingalo yethu, izihlunu ziyafinyela, nto leyo edlulisela amandla ethanjeni nge-tendon, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ithambo lishukume.
• I-Cartilage: Le yi-tissue eguquguqukayo, efana nerabha. Kwiindawo apho amathambo adibana khona kwi-joint, kukho umaleko wale cartilage. Oku kunceda amathambo ukuba atyibilike phezu komnye nomnye kakuhle (i-articular cartilage), kuzinzise iintshukumo (umzekelo, i-labrum kwi-glenohumeral joint), kwaye, njenge-sole yesihlangu sakho, ifunxa ukuthuthumela okufika kwi-joint. Ngaphandle koku, amathambo aya kukhuhlana aze aguge.
• Izihlunu: Phakathi kwegxalaba lakho nethambo lengalo kukho inkqubo yemisipha ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-rotator cuff . Le yingqokelela yemisipha emine. Ezi zihlunu zibamba ijoyinti ngokuqinileyo, zinceda ekulizinziseni, ekulixhaseni, nasekuncedeni ekuphakamiseni nasekujikelezeni ingalo.
• IBursa: I-bursa inceda izihlunu zakho, imisipha kunye nemisipha ukuba zihambe kakuhle ngaphandle kokukhuhlana. Ifana nesingxobo esincinci esizele lulwelo. Isebenza njengomqamelo ngaphakathi kwelungu, ingakumbi phakathi kwethambo kunye nemisipha.
• I-Synovial membrane: Le membrane ijikeleza ilungu kwaye ikhupha ulwelo olunamathelayo (i-synovial fluid). Oku kugcina ilungu lithanjiswe kwaye kwenza intshukumo ibe lula, njengeoyile ematshinini. Ikwabonelela ngesondlo kwi-cartilage.

Iphi indawo egxalabeni?

Ilungu legxalaba likwindawo ephezulu yengalo yakho, apho ingalo yakho iqhagamshela khona nomzimba wakho. Sinezihlanganisi ezimbini zamagxa kwicala ngalinye lomzimba wethu, elinye lingasekunene nelinye lingasekhohlo.

Eli gama likhankanywe ngaphambili elithi ``(Acromioclavicular joint)`` lidibanisa i-collarbone yakho neblade yegxalaba lakho. Ngaphantsi kancinci apho kukho ``(Glenohumeral joint)``. Lidibanisa ithambo lengalo yakho neblade yegxalaba lakho.

Ijongeka njani igxalaba?

Kukho amalungu amabini egxalabeni lakho. Elinye libonakala lahlukile kancinci.

• Ilungu le-Acromioclavicular:Oku kudibanisa i-blade yegxalaba kunye ne-clavicle. Kubukeka ngathi ziipensile ezimbini ezidweliswe ngomgca, enye emva kwenye, kunye nomsantsa omncinci phakathi kwazo. Eli lungu lincinci kakhulu.
• Ilungu le-glenohumeral: Kulapho ithambo lengalo ephezulu (ithambo lengalo) lidibana khona nethambo lehlombe. Ithambo lehlombe linesimo esifana nekomityi (esibizwa ngokuba yi-glenoid cavity). Ithambo lengalo yakho ephezulu lide, linesiphelo esingqukuva (esibizwa ngokuba yi-humeral head). Loo nxalenye ingqukuva ingena kwisimo esifana nekomityi sethambo lehlombe, nto leyo eyenza ilungu. Eli 'bhola kunye nesokethi' yilo elivumela ingalo yakho ukuba ijikeleze kuzo zonke iindlela.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela igxalaba?

Ngenxa yokuba sisebenzisa amalungu ethu egxalabeni rhoqo, kulula ukuba enzekalise kwaye aguge. Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela igxala:

• Ukukruneka kwamalungu: I-ligament kwi-joint yegxalaba yoluliwe okanye ikrazukile. Oku kungenzeka ngokuwa ngequbuliso okanye ukujijeka kwengalo.
• Igxalaba eliphumileyo: Intloko yethambo lengalo iphuma kwi-glenoid cavity. Oku kubuhlungu kakhulu.
• I-Arthritis: Intlungu kunye nokudumba kwamalungu. Oku kunokubangelwa kukwaphuka kwe-cartilage njengoko sikhula (i-Osteoarthritis) okanye ngezinye iimeko (i-Rheumatoid Arthritis).
• I-Bursitis: Ukudumba kwesingxobo esizaliswe lulwelo (i-bursa) ngaphakathi kwilungu. Oku kunokwenzeka xa uqhubeka nokwenza iintshukumo ezifanayo.
• I-Tendinitis: Ukudumba kwemisipha egxalabeni. I-Rotator cuff tendinitis yimeko eqhelekileyo.
• Ukuphuka kwegxalaba: Ukuphuka kwelinye lamathambo egxalaba (i-clavicle, i-humerus, okanye ithambo lengalo engentla) eliqhagamshela kwilungu. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuwa.

Zithini iimpawu zeengxaki zegxalaba?

Ukuba unengxaki ngegxalaba lakho, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu: Le yeyona nto iphambili. Intlungu inokubakho xa ushukumisa igxalaba lakho, ulele, okanye umile nje.
• Ukudumba: Igxalaba lisenokubonakala lidumbile.
• Ukuqina kwemisipha, ukuqina: Kunokuba nzima ukuyiphakamisa okanye ukuyijikelezisa ingalo.
• Ukutshintsha kombala wesikhumba okanye ukukrweleka: Ukuba bekukho ukwenzakala.
• Ukushukuma okulinganiselweyo, iintlungu xa ushukumisa ingalo, okanye ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ingalo ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, kunokuba nzima ukukama iinwele zakho okanye ukuxukuxa amazinyo akho.
• Ngamanye amaxesha unokuva isandi esithi "cofa" okanye uvakalelo lokuxinana xa ushukumisa igxalaba lakho.

Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.

Ungayijonga njani impilo yamalungu egxalabeni?

Ugqirha uza kukuhlola igxalaba lakho, akubuze ukuba linjani na iintlungu, kunye nokuba zeziphi iintlobo zeentshukumo ezinzima. Emva koko, ukuba bafuna ukujonga ngokusondeleyo igxalaba, banokuyalela uvavanyo lomfanekiso.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lokufota zezi:

• I-X-reyi: Oku kunokujonga imeko yamathambo kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na izaphuko.
• I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko yezicubu ezithambileyo, ezifana nemisipha, ii-ligaments, i-cartilage, kunye nemisipha. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekujongeni izinto ezifana nokukrazuka kwe-rotator cuff.
• Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound lunokwenziwa.

Oku kunokunceda ugqirha ukuba aqonde ngcono amathambo, izihlunu, imisipha, kunye nemisipha egxalabeni lakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezifo zamagxa?

Iindlela zonyango zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokwenzakala okanye imeko yakho egxalabeni. Akukho nyango lufanayo kuzo zonke. Ngamazwi alula, nazi ezinye iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukunxiba isilingi de kube buhlungu. Oku kunika ilungu ithuba lokuphumla.
• Utyando yinkqubo yokulungisa iindawo zegxalaba (ezifana nemisipha, imisipha, kunye ne-cartilage). Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lwe-keyhole, olufana ne-arthroscopy, lunokwenziwa.
• Unyango lomzimba ukuphucula intshukumo, ukwakha amandla, kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu lubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukuthatha amayeza (umz., iintlungu zokuphelisa iintlungu, `ii-NSAIDs`) ukunciphisa ukudumba (ukudumba) okanye iintlungu. Usenokunikwa inaliti kwilungu.
• Phumla kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwesandla de ilungu liphole ngokupheleleyo, ingakumbi ukuphepha imisebenzi ebangela iintlungu.
• Ukufaka umkhenkce okanye ubushushu (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha).

Kubalulekile: Ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi unyango olufanele ukuxilongwa kwakho. Kungoko ke, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphambi kokuba wenze nantoni na ovakalelwa kukuba uyafuna ukuyenza.

Ungazigcina njani izihlunu zamagxa ziphilile?

"Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga." Oko kuthetha ukuba kungcono ukuthintela isifo ngaphambi kokuba senzeke kunokusinyanga emva kokuba senzeke. Ngoko ke, ungagcina amalungu akho egxalabeni esempilweni ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo . Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwizakhamzimba ezilungileyo emathanjeni, njenge-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D.
• Zifudumeze uze uzipholise kakuhle ngaphambi nasemva kokuzilolonga, uze wolule, ingakumbi izihlunu ezinxulumene namagxa.
• Yenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo kunye nokuzilolonga okulula njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho. Ukuzilolonga okuqinisa izihlunu zamagxa kubalulekile.
• Xa udlala imidlalo yokudibanisa, ukuphakamisa iintsimbiGcina ukuma okufanelekileyo, nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela (ukuba kuyimfuneko) kwaye ukhusele umzimba wakho ekwenzakaleni.
• Ukuba usebenza ngendlela efanayo ngamaxesha onke, thatha ikhefu ngamanye amaxesha kwaye utshintshe izikhundla.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya. Ukutshaya akulunganga kwimpilo yamalungu.

Khumbula oku ngokufutshane.

Ilungu legxalaba lakho lelona candelo liguquguqukayo lomzimba wakho, linika iingalo zakho uluhlu olubanzi lokushukuma. Ngaphandle kwala malungu, amandla akho okusebenzisa iingalo zakho ebeya kunqongophala kakhulu. Amalungu egxalaba asempilweni abalulekile kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla nakwimidlalo.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amalungu akho egxalabeni esempilweni ngokutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho, kunye nokuzifudumeza. Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na intlungu, ukudumba, okanye ubunzima bokuhamba, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngoko nangoko. Ngaleyo ndlela, ukuba kukho ingxaki, ingasonjululwa ngaphambi kokuba ibe yingxaki enkulu.

Ilungu legxalaba, igxalaba, izifo zamalungu, amathambo, iintlungu zamagxa, impilo yomzimba, iingcebiso zonyango