Ngaba wakha wambona umama wakho othandekayo, utata, okanye umakhulu wakho ethatha ixesha lokuzibophelela? Okanye kubonakala ngathi uyalibala kancinci xa esenza ikomityi yeti? Sibona ezi zinto zincinci yonke imihla. Ngamanye amaxesha siyazilibala, sicinga, "Kunjalo kanye xa sikhula." Kodwa ezi zinto zilula zithetha lukhulu ngempilo yethu, ingakumbi amandla ethu okuphila ngokuzimela. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi "Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)" kwezonyango.
Ngamafutshane, zeziphi ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ebomini bemihla ngemihla (ii-ADL)?
Oku kulula kakhulu. Ii-ADL zezona zinto zibalulekileyo esizenzayo yonke imihla ukuze sinyamekele imizimba yethu kwaye sihlale sisempilweni. Cinga ngazo, izinto esizenzayo ukususela ngexesha esivuka ngalo kusasa ukuya kwixesha esilala ngalo ebusuku. Asinakuphila ngaphandle kwezinto ezinje ngokutya, ukuhlamba, nokuya kwindlu yangasese. Ezo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo.
Kwakhona, oku kongeza ubunzima obungakumbi. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nokulawula imali, ukuzisa ukutya ekhaya, ukupheka, kunye nokuhlamba impahla. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto, kunzima ngathi ukuhlala sodwa kwaye sizimele, akunjalo?
Ngamanye amaxesha umntu ufuna uncedo kule misebenzi okwethutyana nje elifutshane. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umlenze wakho waphukile kwaye wenze utyando. Okwexeshana, uya kuba nobunzima bokuhlamba okanye ukuhamba wedwa. Ngelo xesha, umntu uya kufuna uncedo. Kodwa xa inxeba lipholile, uya kukwazi ukuzenzela ezi zinto wedwa kwakhona.
Kodwa abanye abantu bafuna uncedo ngale misebenzi ixesha elide, mhlawumbi ubomi babo bonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba banesifo esingapheliyo. Umzekelo, umntu onesifo samathambo esinzima unokuba nobunzima bokubopha amaqhosha empahla okanye ukutya kuba engakwazi ukugoba okanye ukolula amalungu akhe kakuhle. Ngokufanayo, umntu onesifo sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo esiqhubekayo (njengesifo sika-Alzheimer) unokuqala ukulibala izinto ezifana nokupheka nokusebenzisa imali.
Musa ukoyika ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto. Musa ukucinga ukuba, "Owu, ndineentloni kakhulu ukutsho ukuba andinakukwazi ukuyenza ndedwa ngoku." Ezi zinto zenzeka kubantu abaninzi. Inene, xa uthetha ngokukhawuleza ngale nto, kulula ukuba sikuncede.
Oogqirha bahlula ezi ADL zibe ngamacandelo amabini. Masizijonge ngokwahlukeneyo.
1. Imisebenzi Esisiseko Yemihla Ngemihla (ii-ADL ezisisiseko)
2. Imisebenzi yokuphila kwemihla ngemihla equka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zomculo (ii-ADL zezixhobo zomculo okanye ii-IADL)
Imisebenzi Esisiseko Yemihla Ngemihla (ii-ADL) - Izinto ezibalulekileyo ukuze usinde
Oku kuquka izinto ekufuneka sizenze ukuze siphile, izinto ezinxulumene ngqo nemizimba yethu. Ezi zifana neemfuno ezisisiseko zomzimba wethu. Ukuba asinakukwazi ukwenza nayiphi na kwezi, ziya kuyichaphazela ngqo impilo yethu.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Ukuba unako ukuhamba, kodwa ulahlekelwe yibhalansi yakho uze uwe ngelixa uhamba, yingxaki leyo. Kuthetha ukuba ungakwenza, kodwa awukwazi ukukwenza ngokukhuselekileyo . Ukuba ukhubeka phezu kweqhekeza elincinci lekhaphethi ekhaya uze uwe, okanye ukuba utyibilika uze uwe kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngezo zinto.
Musa ukuzibekela ecaleni ezi zinto ucinga ngokuthi, "Kunjalo kanye xa ukhula." Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci lunokuba sisiqalo sengxaki enkulu.
| I-ADL esisiseko | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukondla | Ukukwazi ukuthabatha ukutya esityeni uze ukufake emlonyeni wakho. Oku akubandakanyi ukupheka. |
| Ukunxiba | Ukukwazi ukukhetha impahla ngokwakho, ukuzinxiba, kunye nokubopha amaqhosha kunye neeziphu. |
| Ukuhlamba/Ucoceko Lomntu | Ukukwazi ukwenza izinto ezinje ngokuhlamba umzimba, ukuhlamba amazinyo, ukuxukuxa amazinyo, nokukama iinwele zakho wedwa. |
| Ukuhlamba indlu yangasese | Ukukwazi ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela wedwa, wenze isenzo, uze ubuye ucocekile. |
| Ilizwekazi | Ulawulo lokuzikhupha nokuchama kuphela xa befuna kwaye naphi na. |
| Ukudluliselwa/Ukushukuma | Ukukwazi ukuhambahamba, njengokuvuka ebhedini nokuhlala esitulweni, okanye ukuphuma esitulweni uhambe. |
Imisebenzi Yokuphila Ngoncedo (IADLs) - Izinto ezikunceda uphile ngokuzimela
Ngoku makhe sijonge inxalenye yesibini. Le misebenzi siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs).' Le misebenzi isenokungabi yeyona ibalulekileyo ebomini njengaleyo isisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu uza kuhlala yedwa, ngokukhuselekileyo, nangokuzimeleyo eluntwini, kufuneka akwazi ukuyenza le misebenzi. Oku kufuna ubunzima, ucwangciso, kunye nocwangco.
Amaxesha amaninzi, into yokuqala efika engqondweni xa umntu efuna uncedo kuxa engakwazi ukwenza ezi IADL. Ngamanye amaxesha uyaqonda, "Owu, andisakwazi ukukhwela ibhasi ndedwa," okanye "Ndilibala ukusela amayeza am ngamanye amaxesha." Ngamanye amaxesha umntu akaqondi, kodwa usapho lwakhe kunye noogqirha banokubona umahluko.
Amaxesha amaninzi, nomntu onengxaki yokwenza ii-IADL usenokukwazi ukwenza ii-ADL ezisisiseko esithethe ngazo ngaphambili (njengokuhlamba nokutya) ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho izinto ezifana nezifo ezinxulumene nenkumbulo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, nee-ADL ezisisiseko ziqala ukuba nzima ukuzenza.
| Umsebenzi onxulumene nezixhobo (IADL) | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Uthutho | Ukukwazi ukuqhuba imoto wedwa, okanye ukuhamba wedwa ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezifana nebhasi okanye uloliwe. |
| Ukulawula Amayeza | Ukukwazi ukukhumbula ukuthatha amayeza afanelekileyo, ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. |
| Ukulawula iiMali | Ukukwazi ukuqonda nokwenza izinto ezinje ngokuhlawula amatyala, ukubala imali nokuthenga izinto, nokwenza iibhanki. |
| Unxibelelwano | Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ifowuni ukufowuna, ukubhala ileta, okanye ukujonga i-imeyile. |
| Ukuthenga | Ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza uluhlu lwezinto ozidingayo ekhayeni lakho, yiya evenkileni, ukhethe ezo zinto, uzihlawulele, uze uzizise ekhaya. |
| Ukupheka/Ukulungiselela Isidlo | Ukukwazi ukulungiselela izithako ezifunekayo ekuphekeni nokupheka isidlo ngokukhuselekileyo ngokwesicwangciso. |
| Ukucoca Indlu Nokuhlamba Iimpahla | Ukukwazi ukwenza izinto ezinje ngokutshayela indlu, ukuyigcina icocekile, kunye nokuhlamba nokuyomisa impahla yakho. |
Ngamaxesha aphi oogqirha abakhangela ngawo ezi ADL?
Olu asilulo uvavanyo olwenziwa kuye wonke umntu ngalo lonke ixesha, kodwa lujongwa ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezithile. Ezi meko ziquka:
- Ngethuba usesibhedlele: Ukuba unyangwa esibhedlele ngenxa yesifo esithile, abahlengikazi kunye noogqirha baya kujonga ukuba unako na ukusebenza ngokuzimela ngaphambi kokuba uthunyelwe ekhaya.
- Emva kotyando, ingozi, okanye isifo sohlangothi: Ekubeni ukusebenza komzimba kuncipha emva kwento efana nale, ezi zakhono zihlala zijongwa ngexesha lokuchacha.
- Xa kukho izifo ezinciphisa inkumbulo nokusebenza kwengqondo: Ekubeni imeko yabantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sikaParkinson itshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, bajongwa rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba banako na ukusebenza ngokuzimela.
- Xa kukho iingxaki zempilo yengqondo: Ezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo zinokunciphisa umdla womntu kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Eli likwalixesha lokunikela ingqalelo.
Zilinganiswa njani ezi zakhono?
Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoku.
- Ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo: Ujonga ngqo umntu owenza umsebenzi kwaye uvavanye ukuba ungakwenza kakuhle kangakanani.
- Ukubuza uMnakekeli: Ukuba unomnakekeli, mbuze ngezakhono zakho kwaye ufumane ulwazi.
- Ukuzixela: Ngamanye amaxesha uzibuza , "Ungakwenza oku wedwa? Zithini iingxaki?"
Ukusebenzisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela, uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uncedo olufunayo. Ngokusekelwe koku, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku:
- Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuncedisa: Izinto ezifana nesixhobo sokuhamba, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokutya, kunye neziphatho zegumbi lokuhlambela.
- Ukwenza utshintsho kwimeko yasekhaya: Izinto ezinje ngokusebenzisa izitulo ezineendawo zokubeka iingalo, ukususa iikhaphethi ezityibilikayo, njl.
- Ukuqesha umntu oza kunceda: Ukuqesha umntu oza kunceda ngemisebenzi yasekhaya okanye iinkonzo zomncedisi wezempilo yasekhaya.
- Ezinye iindlela zokuhlala: Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, ukuthunyelwa kwindawo efana nendawo yokuhlala yokunceda abantu abadala okanye ikhaya labalupheleyo.
Masifunde nangemibuzo yeKatz ADL Scale.
Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ngoogqirha kwihlabathi liphela. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living' okanye 'Katz ADL scale'. Ilinganisa ukuba ungenza kakuhle kangakanani ii-ADL ezi-6 ezisisiseko esizixubushileyo ngaphambili.
Oku kulula kakhulu. Unika inqaku eli-1 ngomsebenzi ngamnye onokuthi uwenze wedwa, ngaphandle koncedo. Unika inqaku eli-0 kumsebenzi ngamnye ofuna uncedo. Amanqaku aphezulu yi-6.
Amanqaku ama-6 athetha ukuba ungenza umsebenzi wakho ngokuzimeleyo. Amanqaku ama-2 okanye ngaphantsi athetha ukuba udinga uncedo olungakumbi kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezo ADL zi-6 ezisisiseko kunye nento ekufuneka uyenze ukuze ufumane uphawu.
| Umsebenzi ovavanyiweyo kwiKatz Scale | Ukuba ufuna ukufumana inqaku eli-1... |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuhlamba | Ufanele uhlambe umzimba wakho wonke ngaphandle koncedo (kulungile ukufumana uncedo oluncinci lokuhlamba indawo enye, njengobuso bakho). |
| 2. Ukunxiba | Bafanele bakwazi ukuzinxibisa, baze benze izinto ezifana namaqhosha neziphu (kulungile ukucela uncedo lokubopha imitya yezihlangu). |
| 3. Ukuhlamba indlu yangasese | Ufanele ukwazi ukuya kwindlu yangasese, uhlale phantsi, uvuke, uze ubuye ucocekile ngaphandle koncedo. |
| 4. Ukudlulisela | Ufanele ukwazi ukuvuka uhlale phantsi ebhedini okanye esitulweni ngaphandle koncedo. |
| 5. Ilizwekazi | Kufuneka ukwazi ukulawula ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwamathumbu akho kunye nesinye. |
| 6. Ukondla | Ufanele ukwazi ukuthwala ukutya okusuka epleyitini ukuya emlonyeni wakho wedwa. |
Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa isikali seKatz ADL, kunye nezinye ii-questionnaires ezifana neLawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, elinganisa ii-IADL, ukuze afumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wemeko yakho. Ukuba ufumana ii-questionnaires ezinjalo kwi-intanethi, musa ukuzizalisa uze wenze izigqibo ngokwakho. Usenokungaziqondi kakuhle ezi nkcukacha. Eyona nto ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha uze wenze ezi zinto phantsi kwesikhokelo sakhe ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ufumana olu hlobo lokungakhululeki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imisebenzi yokuphila kwemihla ngemihla (ii-ADL) zizinto eziqhelekileyo esizenzayo sonke. Kuqhelekile ukuba ezi zinto zibe nzima ngakumbi njengoko sikhula okanye ngenxa yemeko yempilo.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ingaba umsebenzi ungenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo na . Ukuba uza kuwa okanye utyibilike, yingxaki enkulu leyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho ubona nokuba kukho into encinci ebuhlungu efana nale, musa ukuyifihla kwaye thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Okukhona uthetha ngokukhawuleza ngale nto, kokukhona kuya kuba lula ukufumana izisombululo ezinokukunceda wena okanye umntu omthandayo, zimgcine ekhuselekile, kwaye zenze ubomi bube lula.
- Ukuba uziva ulusizi, uxhalabile, okanye unesizungu ngenxa yezi nguqu, ukuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo ngale nto kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
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