Kwenzeka ntoni kwinkumbulo yakho? Masithethe ngeSifo se-Alzheimer

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyazilibala izinto? Apho kukho izitshixo zakho, igama lomntu, okanye into obuza kuyenza... Ukulibala okuncinci kuyinto eqhelekileyo kuye wonke umntu. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, oku kulibala kunokubachaphazela ngendlela enzulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esonakalisa kakhulu inkumbulo kwaye sichaphazela ingqondo. Eso siSifo sika-Alzheimer.

Yintoni i-Alzheimer's Disease?

Ngamafutshane, isifo sika-Alzheimer sesinye sezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-dementia, esibangela ukulahleka kwenkumbulo kunye nokwehla kwengqondo. Ngokuchanekileyo, sisifo esiwohlokayo se-neurodegenerative. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, iiseli ezikwingqondo yethu ziyayonakala kwaye zitshatyalaliswe. Ekugqibeleni, umntu onesifo sika-Alzheimer unokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yengqondo efana nenkumbulo kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha.

Khawucinge nje, malunga nezigidi ezingama-24 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela banesifo esi sifo. Umntu omnye kwabalishumi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 usenokuba nesi sifo. Kwakhona, umntu omnye kwabathathu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-85 kuthiwa unesifo sika-Alzheimer.

Nangona kukho unyango lokulawula ezi mpawu, akukho nyango lwesifo se-Alzheimer. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unazo ezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's?

Isifo sika-Alzheimer asichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ngokubanzi, sinokubangela ukuba ukwazi ukwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Inkumbulo
• Ubuchule bokucinga ngendlela enengqondo
• Ubuchule bokuthetha (ulwimi)
• Ukuziphatha kunye nobuntu
• Ukuqonda okusingqongileyo okungqongileyo (indawo)

Rhoqo, umntu olahlekelwe yinkumbulo okanye ezinye iimpawu ze-Alzheimer unokuba nobunzima bokubona utshintsho engqondweni nasemzimbeni wakhe. Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zibonakala ngakumbi kubantu obathandayo.

Ezi mpawu ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha (ukwehla kancinci kancinci). Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezi mpawu ezifana ne-dementia, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo

Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo lolona phawu luphambili noluqhelekileyo lwesifo sika-Alzheimer. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukukhumbula izinto ezenzeke kutshanje (inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane) okanye izinto ezenzeke kudala (inkumbulo yexesha elide).

Usenokuba nobunzima bokukhumbula ezi zinto:

• Ubuso, amagama
• Ezinye iinyani
• Indawo okhoyo (nokuba yindawo eqhelekileyo njengekhaya)

Iingxaki zenkumbulo ezibangelwa yi-Alzheimer's zinkulu kakhulu kunezinto ezincinci esihlala sizilibala apho sibeka khona iifowuni zethu okanye sizibuze ukuba sitshixe ucango na.

Ubunzima bokucinga ngendlela enengqondo

Umntu one-Alzheimer's unokubonakala edidekile okanye athathe ixesha elide ngokungaqhelekanga ukwenza izigqibo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Gqiba ngento oza kuyenza ngokulandelayo.
• Pheka ngokweresiphi
• Yenza izicwangciso.

Imiba enxulumene nolwimi

Isifo sika-Alzheimer singenza kube nzima kuwe ukuthetha, ukufunda, okanye ukuqonda ulwimi (i-aphasia). Ungenza oku kulandelayo:

• Uthetha kwaye unxibelelana kancinci kunangaphambili
• Ukuba umntu uthetha iilwimi ezininzi, uya kutshintsha iilwimi aze athethe ngendlela edidayo.
• Ulwimi oluthethwa kakhulu ebuntwaneni luya kutshintshwa lube
• Usebenzisa amagama angalunganga

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nobuntu

Usenokubona utshintsho kwindlela umntu avakalelwa ngayo okanye ubuntu bakhe. Banokuthi:

• Unokuba norhano olukhulu (nokuba ngabantu obaziyo iminyaka emininzi).
• Ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo kunokwenzeka rhoqo (kusenokuba ndlongondlongo ngaphezu kwesiqhelo)
• Usenokuziva ungazinzi rhoqo, udidekile, okanye ungaboni izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
• Usenokulahlekelwa kukuzithemba kuwe nakubantu obathandayo.

Wonke umntu uneentsuku ezimbi namaxesha anzima. Kodwa utshintsho lweemvakalelo kunye nobuntu olubangelwa yi-Alzheimer's lunamandla kakhulu kwaye lukhawulezileyo kunokuqhuma komsindo okanye umsindo oqhelekileyo.

Ukuncipha kolwazi malunga nendalo esingqongileyo

Usenokukufumanisa kunzima ukuqonda indlela izinto ezisondelelene ngayo nomzimba wakho, okanye ungaziva ungasakwazi ukulawula umzimba wakho njengangaphambili. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Ukungqubana nefenitshala
• Kunzima ukuchola into ethile.
• Ubunzima bokwenza iintshukumo zezandla ezincinci njengokubopha imitya yezihlangu okanye ukubhala kwikhibhodi

Oogqirha bahlula isifo se-Alzheimer sibe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. La manqanaba akuxelela ukuba ukufutshane kangakanani ne-dementia, ukuba isifo sakho se-Alzheimer sibi kangakanani, okanye ukuba siye saqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Zithini izizathu zesifo sika-Alzheimer?

Eyona nto ibangela isifo sika-Alzheimer kukungahlali kakuhle kweentlobo ezimbini zeeproteni engqondweni. Ngokukodwa, iintlobo ezimbini zeeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-amyloid kunye ne-tau.

Uyazi, ubuchopho bethu buneebhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo, okanye ii-neurons . Ezi neurons zezona zisinceda sicinge, sifunde, sikhumbule, kwaye sicebe. Loo protein ye-amyloid endikhankanyileyo inamathelana ngaphakathi kweeseli zobuchopho kwaye ihlangana ibe zii-plaque . Iprotheyini ye-Tau ihlangana ibe zii-tangles . Ezi plaque kunye nee-tangles zithintela ii-neurons ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Ziphazamisana nemiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali ehamba ngazo.

Xa iiproteni ze-amyloid kunye ne-tau ziqokelelana engqondweni, zibulala ii-neurons kancinci kancinci. Yile nto ibangela umonakalo osisigxina kunye neempawu zesifo se-Alzheimer. Ukufa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kuqala kwenye inxalenye yengqondo, kuze kudlulele kwezinye iindawo kancinci kancinci. I-Alzheimer's idla ngokuqala kwinxalenye yengqondo elawula inkumbulo yethu - i-hippocampus .

Iingcali zisaphanda ngesifo sika-Alzheimer ukuze zifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ezi protein deposits. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ezi protein deposits ziqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu ziqale ukubonakala. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziqale kwangethuba kwiminyaka eli-10 ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele naluphi na utshintsho.

Ngaba isifo sika-Alzheimer sidluliselwa kwilifa?

Ewe, isifo sika-Alzheimer sinokuba sisifo semfuza.

Ukuba omnye wabazali bakho okanye abantakwenu unesi sifo, umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-Alzheimer's yi-10% ukuya kwi-30%. Ukuba ababini okanye ngaphezulu kwabantakwenu banesi sifo, umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-Alzheimer's uphindwe kathathu kunomntu oqhelekileyo.

Abantu abane -gene ye-APOE e4 basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-Alzheimer's. Kwakhona, abantu abane-gene enjalo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-Alzheimer's besebancinci (kwiminyaka yokuqala). Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu one-gene ye-APOE e4 oya kufumana i-Alzheimer's. Yinto enye kuphela eyonyusa umngcipheko.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana isifo sika-Alzheimer?

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu benesifo i-Alzheimer's ngoxa abanye bengenaso, kodwa ezi zinto zinokuba zizinto ezibangela umngcipheko:

• Ukuba nemvelaphi emnyama okanye yamaLatino
• Izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume (into ethile malunga nendawo ohlala kuyo, osebenza kuyo, okanye ohlala kuyo rhoqo)
• Utshintsho kwi-genetic
• Ukulimala entloko kakhulu (Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu)
• Ukutshaya
• Ubudala bakho (isifo sika-Alzheimer sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwama-65)
• Imeko yakho yempilo iyonke

Ezinye iimeko zempilo zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-Alzheimer's. Umzekelo:

• Isifo sentliziyo
• Isifo seswekile
• I-Down syndrome ebangelwa yiTrisomy 21
• Igazi elonyukayo
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukutyeba kakhulu

Zithini iingxaki zesifo sika-Alzheimer?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu yesifo sika-Alzheimer kukwenzakala okubangelwa sisifo engqondweni. Oku kunokubangela utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwindlela ocinga ngayo, amandla akho okusebenzisa umzimba wakho, kunye nobuntu bakho. Njengoko esi sifo siqhubeka, unokuba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Iingxaki ezinjalo zinokwenzeka:

• Ukuwohloka kwempilo yomzimba iyonke
• Iintsholongwane (umzekelo, i-pneumonia okanye izifo zesikhumba)
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ubunzima bokuginya

Usenokulahlekelwa lulawulo lomzimba wakho, nto leyo enokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba:

• Izilonda zebhedi
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ukungondleki kakuhle
• Ukuwa, ukwaphuka kwamalungu omzimba kunye nezinye iingozi
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo kunye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba kwamathumbu
• Ukubola kwamazinyo, imingxunya, kunye nezinye iingxaki zamazinyo

Isifo sika-Alzheimer sifunyanwa njani?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga isifo sika-Alzheimer. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuthetha ngempilo yakho yangoku kunye nembali yezonyango.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe kunye nosapho lwakho. Baza kukubuza imibuzo baze bafunde ngempilo yakho kunye nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba uyazi ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela isifo se-Alzheimer, xelela ugqirha wakho ngaso.

Ugqirha wakho uza kubuza usapho lwakho ukuba luqaphele naziphi na iimpawu okanye utshintsho onokuthi awulubonanga. Basenokubuza malunga noku:

• Ukukwazi kwakho ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo
• Utshintsho kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo, indlela oziphatha ngayo, kunye nobuntu bakho
• Amayeza akhoyo ngoku
• Imbali yezonyango
• Imeko yempilo iyonke

Ugqirha uza kukwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo. Baza kususa nezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iingxaki zenkumbulo kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-Brain MRI (i-Brain MRI)
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo
• Iskeni ye-CT
• Iskeni yePET
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo nempilo yengqondo
• Uvavanyo lomchamo

Olu vavanyo lunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba akhangele iimpawu zeeproteni ze-amyloid aze abone ukuba zonakalisile na ingqondo yakho.

Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisana nawe kunye nosapho lwakho ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Baza kukunceda ubeke iinjongo ezinokwenzeka zempilo yakho yexesha elifutshane kunye nemeko yakho yexesha elide.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zesifo sika-Alzheimer?

Ugqirha wakho angacebisa unyango lokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Akukho nyango lwesifo se-Alzheimer, kodwa unyango lunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo.

Ukuqala unyango kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela impilo yengqondo yakho ubomi bakho bonke. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku akukho nyango lunokuthintela okanye lubuyisele umva isifo se-Alzheimer.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's. Ugqirha wakho uza kulungelelanisa indibaniselwano yezi ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho. Ungadinga:

Izithinteli zeCholinesterase

La mayeza avimba i-enzyme ekhawulezisa umonakalo engqondweni obangelwa sisifo se-Alzheimer. Angaphucula ezinye iingxaki zokukhumbula kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wokutshintsha kwendlela yokuziphatha. Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza afana nala:

• I-Donepezil
• IGalantamine
• I-Rivastigmine

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Izazinzulu zihlala ziphanda ngesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nonyango olunokwenzeka. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezinokukunceda. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luvavanyo okanye izifundo zophando ezibandakanya abantu abazinikelayo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwisifo okanye imeko ethile. Ezi zilingo zinokukunika ithuba lokuzama unyango olutsha olungekafumaneki ngokubanzi.

Ukuba uxilongwe kwangethuba, unokufumana amathuba amaninzi okuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

ILecanemab okanye iDonanemab

ILecanemab kunye neDonanemab ngamayeza e-intravenous (IV). Ziintlobo ezimbini zamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi -monoclonal antibodies . La mayeza anokunceda inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ukuba ijolise kwaye itshabalalise iiproteni ze-amyloid. Anokunceda ukususa ezinye ze-amyloid ngaphambi kokuba yonakalise ingqondo, inciphise ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo se-Alzheimer.

I-Lecanemab ijolise kwiifayibha ze-amyloid ngaphambi kokuba zihlangane. I-Donanemab ijolise kwiiproteni ze-amyloid esele zihlangene ukuze zenze iiplaque.

Njengazo zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango, la mayeza awanyangi ngokupheleleyo isifo sika-Alzheimer, kwaye awanakukwazi ukubuyisa umonakalo osele ubangelwe yi-amyloid.

Abachasi bee-receptor ze-NMDA

Ukuba une-Alzheimer's, umzimba wakho wenza ikhemikhali eninzi ebizwa ngokuba yi-glutamate . Oku konakalisa iiseli zobuchopho. Ii-NMDA antagonists zisebenza ngokuvala okanye ukuzalisa ii-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors engqondweni ezibopha kwi-glutamate. Oku kunokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo se-Alzheimer's.

I-Memantine yi-NMDA antagonist esetyenziswa kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amanye amayeza ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo kunye nenqanaba lesifo se-Alzheimer.

Amayeza okulawula iimpawu

Ugqirha wakho uza kucebisa amayeza okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho njengoko zivela. Usenokufuna:

• Amayeza okudakumba: La mayeza anokunyanga izinto ezinje ngexhala, ukungazinzi, utshintsho lweemvakalelo, kunye nokudakumba.
• Ii-antipsychotics/neuroleptics:La mayeza anokunyanga izinto ezifana ne-paranoia, i-hallucinations, kunye ne-agitation.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula: La mayeza ngamanye amaxesha anokunyanga utshintsho lweemvakalelo.

Injani ixesha lokuphila?

Isifo sika-Alzheimer asibachaphazeli bonke abantu ngendlela efanayo. Uninzi lwabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala abane-Alzheimer's bafa kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwesibhozo emva kokuba befunyenwe benaso esi sifo. Kodwa abanye abantu baphila amashumi eminyaka, ingakumbi ukuba bafunyenwe bengekafiki kwiminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuphila nesifo i-Alzheimer's (AD). Banokukunceda ubeke usukelo olunokwenzeka kunye nolindelo. Banokukunceda nokuba ukhethe nini unyango lwe-hospice olunokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe nakusapho lwakho.

Ukuba ufuna inkxaso, thetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer kunye neentsapho zabo bazive bexinezelekile kwaye bexhalabile ngakumbi, ingakumbi emva kokuba befunyenwe benaso esi sifo. Ezi mvakalelo ziyinyani kwaye ziyasebenza. Ingcali yezempilo yengqondo inokukunceda uqonde iingcinga zakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho kwaye ikuncede ujongane nazo.

Ngaba isifo sika-Alzheimer singathintelwa?

Awunakutshintsha okanye ulawule ezinye zezinto ezibangela i-Alzheimer's, ezifana neminyaka yakho kunye nemfuza. Kodwa ungazilawula ezinye izinto kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wakho. Ukugcina impilo entle iyonke kunokunceda ukukhusela ingqondo yakho ekuwohlokeni kwengqondo. Ungazama ezi zinto:

• Landela ukutya okunempilo: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo okwahlukeneyo kunokunceda ukugcina ingqondo yakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke ikwimeko entle. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa isicwangciso esithile sokutya, esifana nokutya kweMedithera okanye ukutya kweDASH .
• Yenza umthambo owaneleyo: Ukuzilolonga kunye nomsebenzi womzimba kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kunye neoksijini ukuya engqondweni. Oku kunokuphucula impilo yeeseli zakho zengqondo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube ngumdlali omkhulu ukuze uhlale usebenza. Ukuhamba, ukulima igadi, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, okanye naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi owenza umzimba wakho ushukume zonke ziindlela ezilungileyo zokuhlala usebenza.
• Hlala usebenza ngengqondo: Dlala imidlalo yebhodi, funda iincwadi, yenza iiphazili zamagama aqhelekileyo, dlala isixhobo somculo, okanye wenze ezinye izinto ozithandayo ezicela umngeni ingqondo yakho ukuba ifunde izinto ezintsha kwaye izisebenzise.
• Hlala unxibelelana nabantu: Thetha nabantu obathandayo okanye abantu abakuluntu lwakho rhoqo. Ukujoyina imisebenzi yamaqela efana neenkonzo zonqulo, iiklasi zokuzilolonga, iiklabhu zeencwadi, okanye umsebenzi wokuzithandela woluntu kunokunceda ukugcina ingqondo yakho isebenza.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-Alzheimer's kwaye ukhathazekile ngayo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwe-genetic. Banokujonga ii-genes okanye utshintsho lwe-genetic olunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho we-Alzheimer's.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unengxaki yokukhumbula okanye yokucinga, bonana nogqirha. Banokufumanisa ukuba iingxaki zibangelwa yi-Alzheimer's okanye enye imeko.

Wakuba ufunyenwe unesifo i-Alzheimer's disease (AD), kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ukuze ahlolwe rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga inkqubela yesi sifo aze alungise unyango lwakho njengoko kufuneka.

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Zeziphi iimpawu okanye utshintsho ekufuneka mna nosapho lwam siziqaphele?
• Ngaba ikho indlela yokuqikelela ukuba isifo sika-Alzheimer siya kukhawuleza kangakanani na?
• Loluphi unyango olungcono kum?
• Ngaba ndiyafaneleka na ukuba ndifumane uvavanyo lweklinikhi?

Isifo sika-Alzheimer (AD) sisifo esoyikekayo ngokwenene. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuvakala ngathi ixesha limile, okanye kunokuvakala ngathi lihamba ngokukhawuleza. Akukho ndlela ingalunganga yokuphila nemeko efana nesifo sika-Alzheimer.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Nokuba une-Alzheimer's okanye unyamekela umntu one-Alzheimer's, oogqirha bakho bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda. Banokukunceda wenze iingcebiso zonyango kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi, baphendule imibuzo yakho, bakunxibelelanise nezixhobo, kwaye bakuncede uqonde into omawuyilindele. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kwangethuba kwaye ufune unyango. Kwakhona, inkxaso yosapho kunye nabahlobo ibaluleke kakhulu kolu hambo. Ungalibali ukunyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo.

I -Alzheimer 's, i-Alzheimer's, i-Dementia, i-Memorial Loss, Impilo yoBongo, Ukwaluphala, Isifo se-Neurological