Sonke sithetha ngeentliziyo zethu ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye sicinga ngazo kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa kungakanani esikwaziyo ngokwenene ngaloo 'nkqubo yepayipi' imangalisayo ethwala igazi elixabisekileyo elimpontshwa yintliziyo ukuya kwiseli nganye encinci emzimbeni wethu, ukusuka kwiinwele zethu ukuya ezinzwaneni zethu? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngemithambo yegazi, eyenza loo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ubomi bomzimba wethu buxhomekeke kuyo. Ngamafutshane, le ifana nenkqubo yendlela engaphakathi emzimbeni wethu.
Zithini nje imithambo yegazi?
Cinga ngepompo yamanzi endlwini yakho. Emva kokuba ipompo ipompe amanzi, ifuna inkqubo yepayipi yokuthutha loo manzi iye ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlambela, nasegadini, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto injalo. Intliziyo yethu yipompo ephambili emzimbeni. Inkqubo yepayipi esasaza igazi elinomoya-mpilo kunye nelinotyebileyo kwizakhamzimba elipompelwa yile pompo kuwo onke amagumbi omzimba ibizwa ngokuba yimithambo-luvo. Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngaphandle kwale mithambo-luvo, ingqondo yethu, izintso, amalungu omzimba, kunye nalo naliphi na elinye ilungu aliyi kufumana ioksijini kunye namandla eliwadingayo ukuze lisebenze. Oko kuthetha ukuba ubomi bethu buxhomekeke kwimpilo yale nkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zemithambo yegazi?
Ewe, kukho umahluko omncinci kwindlela esebenza ngayo imithambo yegazi, kuxhomekeke kwinto eyenzayo. Singathetha kakhulu ngeentlobo ezimbini. Nangona zombini ezi zithwala igazi elicocekileyo lisuka entliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke, indlela yahlukile kancinci.
1. Imithambo Ethambileyo: Khawuthelekelele ucinezela ibhaluni egcwele amanzi. Loo xinzelelo lutsalwa ebhaluni, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, xa intliziyo ipompa igazi ngequbuliso ngoxinzelelo olukhulu, le yimithambo eneendonga ezithambileyo neziqinileyo zokumelana noxinzelelo oluqatha. Le yimithambo emikhulu ekufutshane nentliziyo. Umzekelo, umthambo omkhulu emzimbeni wethu, i-aorta, kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary, zezolu hlobo.
2. Imithambo Yemisipha: Ngoku igazi eliphuma kuloo mithambo mikhulu kufuneka lithunyelwe kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba, ukuze kube ngokuchanekileyo, engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye kwinxalenye yobuchopho. Yiloo nto le mithambo yemisipha yenzelwe yona. Inemisipha egudileyo eludongeni lwayo. Ngenxa yoko, inokufinyela kwaye yande kancinci njengoko kufuneka. Le yindlela elawulwa ngayo inani legazi eliya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Umzekelo, "umthambo we-Femoral" ethangeni, "umthambo we-Radial" esihlahleni, kunye "nomthambo we-Brachial" engalweni.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi?
Le yinto abantu abaninzi abadideka ngayo. Nangona imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili zemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu, zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Uza kuyiqonda lula le nto xa ujonge le theyibhile.
| Uphawu | Imithambo yegazi | Imithambo yegazi |
|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi ophambili | Igazi elicocekileyo (elicebileyo ngeoksijini) lithwalwa lisuka entliziyweni lisiya emzimbeni wonke. | Igazi elingenaoksijini (elibi) liyabuyiselwa lisuka emzimbeni liye entliziyweni . |
| Uhlobo lweendonga | Inamandla kakhulu, ityebile, kwaye inezihlunu (ukuze imelane noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluvela entliziyweni). | Iindonga zincinci (ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi ngaphakathi). |
| Iivalvu | Akukho mfuneko yeevalvu. Isenzo sokupompa sentliziyo sigcina igazi lihamba kwicala elinye kuphela. | Iivalvu zikho. Oku kunceda ukuthintela igazi ukuba lingahambi libuyela umva xa lichasene nomxhuzulane. |
Khumbula nje: Imithambo yegazi yileyo ithwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni. Imithambo yegazi yileyo ithwala igazi ngenye indlela.
Imithambo yegazi inceda njani amalungu ethu omzimba?
Isitho ngasinye emzimbeni wethu sinendlela yaso ethile yomthambo okanye inkqubo yamasebe emithambo yegazi. Njengokuba kukho iindlela ezivela kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo ukuya eColombo, izitho zethu nazo zineendlela ezithile zemithambo yegazi ezihambisa igazi.
| Igama le-Artery | Indawo ephambili yokubonelela ngegazi |
|---|---|
| Imithambo yeCoronary | Inika igazi entliziyweni ngokwayo. |
| Imithambo yeCarotid | Ingqondo, intloko, ubuso nentamo. |
| Imithambo yomqolo | Ubuchopho kunye nomqolo. |
| Imithambo ye-Iliac | I-pelvis. |
| Umthambo we-femoral | Imilenze. |
| Imithambo ye-Subclavian | Intloko, intamo kunye neengalo. |
| Imithambo yeCeliac kunye ne-mesenteric | Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya. |
Ezinye izinto ezinomdla onokuthi ungazazi malunga nemithambo yegazi
- Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwegazi: Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezivela kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, imithambo yakho inokuthi inciphe kwaye ivuleke (ivuleke). Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekugcineni uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luzinzile.
- Umthamo wegazi: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, malunga ne-10% yomthamo wegazi lilonke emzimbeni wakho ungaphakathi kwimithambo yakho yegazi.
- Imithambo Eyahlukileyo: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, yonke imithambo yegazi idla ngokuthwala igazi elicocekileyo neligcwele ioksijini. Kodwa kukho into enye eyahlukileyo koku. Ngumthambo wemiphunga . Lo uthwala igazi elingenaoksijini lisuka entliziyweni liye emiphungeni ukuze liphinde lifakwe ioksijini. Lo ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo kakhulu.
Yenziwa njani i-artery?
Umthambo awungombhobho nje kuphela. Lulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo olwenziwe ngamaleya amathathu.
1. Umaleko ongaphakathi (iTunica intima): Lo maleko wenza indlela yegazi. Ugudile kakhulu. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngokulula ngaphandle kokujiya.
2. Umaleko oPhakathi (iTunica media): Le yeyona ndawo inamandla yomthambo. Inezihlunu ezigudileyo kunye neefayibha ezithambileyo. Ngulo maleko ovumela umthambo ukuba unciphe kwaye wande.
3. Umaleko ongaphandle (iTunica externa): Kulapho umthambo ukhuselwe khona kwaye uqhagamshelwe kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo. Imithambo-luvo ikwaqhagamshelwe kolu maleko.
Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi?
Kukho iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezinokonakalisa inkqubo yethu exabisekileyo yemithambo yegazi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi.
- I-atherosclerosis: Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. I-cholesterol, amafutha, nezinye izinto ziyaqokelelana ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yegazi (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'plaque'), nto leyo enciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi.
- I-Aneurysm: Inxalenye ebuthathaka yodonga lwemithambo yegazi evuthuluka njengebhaluni. Oku kuyingozi kuba ingaqhuma ize yophe emzimbeni.
- Ihlwili legazi: Ihlwili legazi linokuvela ngaphakathi kumthambo kwaye livale ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Isifo semithambo yegazi: Ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Le yeyona nto ibangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Isifo semithambo ye-carotid: Ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi engqondweni. Kungakhokelela kwistroke.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lungonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi.
- I-cholesterol ephezulu: Unobangela omkhulu we-atherosclerosis.
- Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikelezayo (i-PAD): Ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya emilenzeni.
- I-Vasculitis: Ukudumba kweendonga zemithambo yegazi.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubona ingxaki kwimithambo yegazi?
Into eyoyikisayo apha kukuba izifo ezininzi ezonakalisa imithambo yegazi, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, azibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Nokuba amafutha aqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi aze aqale ukuyivala, usenokungaziva. Iimpawu zibonakala kuphela emva kokuba ingxaki ibe nkulu.
Yiyo loo nto, nokuba awunazo izifo, uyacetyiswa ukuba ubonane nogqirha wakho rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-35-40 ukuze ahlole uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol.
Iimpawu ezinokuvela xa ingxaki iba nkulu:
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana (kusenokuba luphawu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo)
- Ubunzima bokuthetha ngequbuliso, ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ukuphelelwa yimvakalelo engalweni (iimpawu zestroke)
- Ukuba ndindisholo okanye intlungu kwiingalo nasemilenzeni (ingakumbi xa uhamba)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Intlungu yesisu
- Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda ungazityesheli. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ufumana iintlungu esifubeni okanye iimpawu zestroke, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Ijongwa kwaye inyangwa njani impilo yemithambo yegazi?
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olufunekayo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nembali yezonyango zosapho lwakho.
- Uvavanyo: Uvavanyo olufana ne-`Angiography` (uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray), i-`CT` scan`, i-`MRI` scan, kunye ne-`Echocardiogram` (i-ultrasound scan yentliziyo) lunokujonga imeko yemithambo yegazi.
- Unyango: Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Le sisiseko sayo yonke into.
- Amayeza: Amayeza afana namayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol, amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namayeza okunciphisa igazi anokunikwa.
- Unyango olukhethekileyo: Ukuba umthambo uvalekile kakhulu, kunokufuneka wenze izinto ezifana ne-angioplasty (inkqubo eyandisa umthambo kwaye ifake isixhobo esifana ne-mesh esibizwa ngokuba yi-stent) okanye i-coronary artery bypass grafting (utyando oludlula ukuvaleka kwaye lwenze umthambo omtsha wegazi).
Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu iphilile kwaye icocekile?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Kulula kakhulu ukuthintela isifo kunokusinyanga emva kokuba senzeke. Izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukugcina intliziyo yakho isempilweni zikwalungile kwimithambo yakho yegazi.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Nciphisa ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, ityuwa, iswekile, ukutya okukhawulezayo, nokutya okuqhotsiweyo. Kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi agcweleyo kunye namafutha e-trans, njengezinto ezibhakiweyo kunye ne-margarine. Faka iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ekutyeni kwakho.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Nokuba uhamba ngokukhawuleza ude ubile ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kwanele.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukutshaya ngowona monakalo mkhulu onokuyenza kwimithambo yakho yegazi.
- Lala kakuhle: Kubalulekile ukuba umntu omdala alale iiyure ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-9 ngosuku.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Phumla ingqondo yakho ngokucamngca, i-yoga, okanye ukumamela umculo.
- Lawula ezinye izifo:Ukuba unesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye i-cholesterol, zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
Kanye njengokuba sicinga ngentliziyo, kufuneka sicinge ngale nkqubo yemithambo yegazi ethwala ubomi kuloo ntliziyo nakumzimba wonke. Ukuba uyinyamekela kakuhle imithambo yakho yegazi, iya kukunyamekela ubomi bakho bonke.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yemithambo yegazi ethwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezivela entliziyweni emzimbeni wonke.
- Ukutya okutyayo, umthambo owenzayo, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo zichaphazela ngqo impilo yemithambo yakho yegazi.
- Izifo zemithambo yegazi ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
- Ungaze ungazihoyi iintlungu zesifuba, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye iimpawu zestroke. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
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