Ngaba amehlo omntwana wakho abonakala emakhulu? Ngaba inokuba yi-buphthalmos? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Xa ujonga amehlo omntwana wakho omncinci, ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba elinye okanye omabini amehlo abonakala emakhulu kancinci kunelinye? Okanye, ngaba ukhe waphawula ukuba amehlo omntwana aya ekhula kancinci kancinci njengoko iinyanga zihamba? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba luphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiBuphthalmos . Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke le nto ngokulula namhlanje.

Uyazi ukuba yintoni iBuphthalmos?

Ngamafutshane, i-buphthalmos yimeko apho iliso lomntwana okanye omabini amehlo emakhulu kunesiqhelo, nokuba kukuzalwa okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zobomi. Le yimeko yokuzalwa , oko kuthetha ukuba ikhona ukususela ekuzalweni. Abanye abantwana banokuba nolu hlobo lokukhula kwiliso elinye kuphela (elicala elinye), ngelixa abanye banokuba nalo emehlweni omabini (elicala elinye).

Khawucinge nje, le yindlela elavela ngayo igama elithi "buphthalmos". NgesiGrike, igama elithi "bu" lithetha inkomo, kwaye elithi "ophthalmos" lithetha iliso. Ngoko ke lafumana igama lalo kuba linamehlo amakhulu njengenkomo. Ugqirha wamandulo waseGrisi uHippocrates wayengowokuqala ukuchonga esi sifo.

Le yimeko yemfuza ebangelwa yi-autosomal recessive . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze umntwana abe nale meko, umntwana kufuneka afumane i-gene echaphazelekayo kubazali bobabini. Yicinge njengelothari. Bobabini abazali basenokuba ne-gene, kodwa basenokungazi. Ngokomyinge, omnye kwabane kubantwana besi sibini uya kuba nale meko.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-Buphthalmos yimeko engaqhelekanga. Iyenzeka kumntu omnye kwabangama-30,000 abazelweyo . Ingachaphazela zombini izini. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba abantu abakwimimandla ethile, efana neSlovakia, iSaudi Arabia, kunye nomzantsi weIndiya, basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko.

Zithini iimpawu ze-buphthalmos?

Uphawu olucacileyo nolucacileyo losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa okanye usana oluneenyanga ezimbalwa ubudala kukuba amehlo abo abonakala emakhulu. Iliso elinye okanye omabini anokuba makhulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu soku, umntwana wakho unokufumana nezinye iimpawu. Ezi ziquka:

• Iinyembezi zihlala ziphuma emehlweni, amehlo ebonakala ebomvu, amehlo emanzi ngendlela engaqhelekanga .
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni (photophobia) . Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana akafuni kujonga ukukhanya, uvala amehlo akhe, okanye aphazamiseke.
• Ukwanda kokuqhwanyaza rhoqo, okanye ukuziva ubambekile.
• I-cornea , inxalenye eqhele ukuba mhlophe kweliso, ibonakala ifumile, ngokungathi igqunywe yinkungu.
• I-cornea iyanwebeka, inciphe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ide ibe nemicu .

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka kumntwana wethu? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto ibangela i-buphthalmos yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-primary congenital glaucoma okanye i-primary infantile glaucoma . Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-glaucoma. I-Glaucoma yonakalisa umthambo we-optic ngaphakathi kweliso, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ubone kakubi. Kukholelwa ukuba oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uhlobo lolwelo oluveliswa ngaphakathi kweliso aluphumi kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukuqokelelana koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso (uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweliso okanye i-IOP) .

• I-glaucoma yokuqala yokuzalwa yi-glaucoma eqala ekuzalweni.
• I-glaucoma yosana oluyi-primary yi-glaucoma eqala phakathi kokuzalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala.

Ukongeza kwesi sizathu siphambili, i-buphthalmos inokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• I-Aniridia: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ibonakaliswa kukungabikho ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye enemibala yeliso, i-iris . I-Aniridia inokuchaphazela ukubona.
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1: Olu lukwayimeko edla ngokubangelwa lufuzo. Iithumba zinokwakheka kwimithambo-luvo, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki zamehlo.
• I-Sturge-Weber syndrome: Le yimeko yemfuza. Ibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ikhule kakhulu, yenze amaqhuma abizwa ngokuba zii-angiomas . Le meko inokuchaphazela ulusu, ingqondo kunye namehlo.
• Ukulimala kosana xa luzalwa: Ukuba amehlo osana onzakele ngexesha lokuzalwa, oko kungaba yimbangela.

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo olwenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe oku?

Abazali badla ngokuba ngabokuqala ukubona utshintsho emehlweni omntwana wabo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga ekuboneni komntwana wakho, funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza . Ugqirha wakho wezingane usenokukuthumela kwingcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo.

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezifana ne-buphthalmos kunye ne-congenital glaucoma, njengoko unyango lwasekuqaleni lunokusindisa umbono womntwana .

Ukuze axilonge ngokuchanekileyo i-buphthalmos, ugqirha unokufuna ukuba umntwana afakwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia aze enze iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwamehlo: Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha ukuba ajonge ukuba akukho nakuphi na ukufiphala, amanxeba, okanye ukudumba kwe-cornea. Baza kulinganisa iliso baze bajonge ukuba akukho diski ye-optic efakwe kuyo, apho umthambo we-optic uphuma khona kweliso.
• I-Retinoscopy: Olu vavanyo luvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba umntwana unayo naNgaba kukho naziphi na iimpazamo zokungahoyi, ezifana ne-myopia (ukubona okukufutshane)?
• I-Gonioscopy: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi elisweni isebenza kakuhle na. Amehlo aphilileyo avelisa kwaye akhuphe ulwelo rhoqo. Kwi-glaucoma, olu lwelo aluphumi kakuhle kwaye luyaqokelelana, lunyusa uxinzelelo kwaye lonakalise umthambo we-optic.
• I-ultrasound biomicroscopy: Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu. Lungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yomphambili weliso kwaye lunokubona iingxaki zokuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni. Lunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kune-ultrasound eqhelekileyo (sonogram).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweBuphthalmos?

Xa unyanga i-buphthalmos, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso (uxinzelelo lwamehlo) . Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa olu xinzelelo. Amayeza yenye yazo.

• Amaconsi amehlo okanye izinto ezisetyenziswa eluswini zisetyenziselwa le njongo. Ezi ziquka amayeza anjenge- beta blockers , i-prostaglandin analogs , okanye i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors .

Kukwakho neenkqubo zotyando ezinokunceda ekukhupheni ulwelo ngaphakathi kweliso nasekunciphiseni uxinzelelo:

• Ukubeka ii-implants ezincinci ngaphakathi kweliso.
• Ukwenza amanxeba amancinci kwizakhiwo zeliso.
• Ukususwa kwezicubu emehlweni.

Enyanisweni, ukuba umntwana wakho une-buphthalmos, usenokuba nezinye iimeko ezifuna unyango (ezifana ne-neurofibromatosis type 1, i-Sturge-Weber syndrome, okanye i-aniridia). Ugqirha uza kunyanga nezo meko.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela oku?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela i-buphthalmos, kodwa ukuchonga imeko kwasekuqaleni kobomi bomntwana nokuqala unyango kwangethuba kunokunceda ukuthintela iziphumo ezibi .

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-buphthalmos? Ungalindela ntoni?

Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba i-buphthalmos yimeko enokunyangeka . Ukuthintela ukulahleka kombono, kungcono ukuyixilonga nokunyanga imeko ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam kule meko?

Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu ahlolwe amehlo rhoqo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu onesifo samehlo sokuzalwa. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni komntwana wakho kunye nexesha afanele aye ngalo kugqirha.

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo, yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukugcina amehlo esempilweni. Ezi zinto zibalulekile kwimpilo entle yamehlo:

• Ukutya okunempilo nokusela amanzi aneleyo.
• Ukulala ngokwaneleyo nokwenza umthambo .
• Nxiba iiglasi zokuzikhusela xa uselangeni, usebenza, kwaye udlala imidlalo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya (oku kuyasebenza nakubantu abadala abakufutshane nomntwana).

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyamekela impilo yamehlo omntwana ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi bakhe ukuya kutsho ebudaleni. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiimeko zamehlo eziqala ekuzalweni okanye kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi bakhe. Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni komntwana wakho, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba amehlo omntwana wakho abonakala emakhulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga, asenokuba yi -buphthalmos . Oku kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne -congenital glaucoma .

• Ungakhathazeki , le yimeko enokunyangeka.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokukhusela umbono womntwana.
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza .
• Kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango kunye nokuya rhoqo kuhlolo .

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo bakulungele ukukunceda wena nomntwana wakho.

i- buphthalmos, i-glaucoma yosana, i-glaucoma yokuzalwa, ukwandiswa kwamehlo, uxinzelelo lwamehlo, i-optic nerve, i-cornea