Xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza," uninzi lwethu luziva luloyiko olukhulu. Luqhelekile kakhulu. Kodwa namhlanje, isayensi ihambele phambili kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto umhlaza ungesiso isifo esinganyangekiyo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zomhlaza, kwaye kukho unyango olukhethekileyo lwazo nganye kuzo namhlanje. Ngoko ke ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe ufunyaniswe enomhlaza, ngaphambi kokuba uphakuzele, masithethe kancinci ngala mayeza.
Unyango lomhlaza lugqitywa njani?
Khumbula, ayizizo zonke izifo ezinyangwa ngamayeza afanayo. Ayizizo zonke izikhohlela ezinyangwa ngamayeza afanayo omkhuhlane. Kuyafana nangomhlaza. Ingcali yomhlaza ekunyangelayo iza kujonga izinto ezininzi ukuze ibone ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo.
Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto abazicinga kakhulu:
- Uhlobo lomhlaza: Uhlobo lomhlaza onalo. Unyango lomhlaza webele lunokwahluka kunonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga.
- Inqanaba lomhlaza: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye mkhulu kangakanani. Unyango lomhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala lwahlukile kunyango lomhlaza ophucukileyo.
- Izinga lokukhula komhlaza: Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zahlukana ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba "zinobundlongondlongo kakhulu." Ezinye zikhula kancinci kakhulu. Eli zinga likwalawula nonyango.
- Impilo yakho iyonke: Ngaba ungalunyamezela olu nyango? Ubudala bakho kunye nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo zibalulekile apha.
- Iinjongo zonyango: Ngamanye amaxesha injongo ephambili yonyango kukunyanga umhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, injongo kukulawula umhlaza, ukunciphisa iimpawu, nokukunceda uphile kamnandi (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -palliative care ).
Xa ugqirha wakho ekucebisa unyango, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde kakuhle isizathu sokuba ulunikwe. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo.
Ziziphi ezi ndlela zonyango ziphambili zomhlaza?
Kukho amaxesha apho kusetyenziswa indlela enye kuphela njengonyango lomhlaza. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, isicwangciso sonyango senziwe ngokudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye. Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ndlela zonyango ziphambili.
1. Utyando
Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa ukususa iithumba ezinomhlaza ezingasasazekanga. Ngexesha lotyando, oogqirha basusa inxalenye yethumba equlethe iiseli zomhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Emva koko izicubu eziphilileyo ezisusiweyo ziyahlolwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo na.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokususwa ngotyando. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwilungu elibalulekileyo, njengentliziyo okanye ingqondo, okanye ukuba ubandakanyeke kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu, utyando lunokuba yingozi. Kwakhona, umhlaza wegazi okanye umhlaza osasazeke emzimbeni wonke (umhlaza osasazeke emzimbeni) awunakususwa ngotyando lodwa.
2. Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (efana ne-X-reyi, kodwa inamandla ngakumbi) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Le mitha yonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza, ibangela ukuba ziyeke ukwahlukana kwaye zife.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zoku:
- Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Umatshini omkhulu ongaphandle komzimba uqondisa umsebe wemitha ojoliswe kuphela kwindawo yomhlaza.
- Unyango lweMisebe yangaphakathi: Iipellets ezincinci kakhulu ezinemisebe zifakwa ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nethumba. Oku kutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphakathi.
- Unyango lweHyperthermia: Oku kusebenzisa ubushushu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha le ndlela yenza ezinye iindlela zonyango (ezifana ne-chemotherapy) zisebenze ngakumbi.
Amaxesha amaninzi, emva kotyando, olu nyango lwemitha lusetyenziswa ukutshabalalisa neeseli zomhlaza ezincinci ezinokuthi zihlale.
3. Unyango ngamakhemikhali
I-Chemotherapy, okanye "i-chemo" njengoko siyibiza njalo, luhlobo lonyango olunikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Xa la mayeza engena egazini lomzimba, ahamba emzimbeni wonke kunye negazi. Eyona nto ikhethekileyo ngala mayeza kukuba afuna kwaye atshabalalise iiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Iiseli zomhlaza nazo luhlobo lweseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke amayeza e-chemo ayawatshabalalisa.
Olu lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu kwimihlaza esasazeke emzimbeni wonke, nakwimihlaza ephinde yavela emva konyango.
4. Unyango lweeHormone
Ezinye iihomoni emizimbeni yethu (ingakumbi iihomoni zesini) zinceda ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ukuba zikhule. Cinga ngale ndlela: njengokuba isityalo sifuna amanzi kunye nezondlo ukuze sikhule, ezinye iihomoni zifuna iihomoni ukuze zikhule. Olu nyango lusebenza ngokunciphisa okanye ukumisa ukusebenza kwezo homoni.
Le ndlela yonyango idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, ezifana nomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza weprostate.
5. Unyango lwe-immunotherapy
Olu lunyango olunomdla kakhulu. Kalula nje, luqeqesha amajoni akho omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza.
Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba inokubona nokutshabalalisa izinto ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezingena emzimbeni. Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza zinobuqhetseba kakhulu. Ziyazi indlela yokuzimela kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngoko ke olu nyango lunceda inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ukuba ibone iiseli zomhlaza ezizifihlayo ngolo hlobo. Emva koko "umkhosi" womzimba wethu ungena uze utshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
6. Unyango olujoliswe kulo
Olu lunyango olutsha noluphucukileyo kakhulu. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyakhula ngenxa yotshintsho (utshintsho) kwi-DNA yazo. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zivelise iiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezizinceda zikhule. Unyango olujoliswe kugqirha luhlobo lonyango olujolise ngqo kwaye luhlasele ezo proteni ezithile.
Oku kufana "nomjukujelwa okrelekrele" ohlasela kuphela iinjongo zotshaba emfazweni, uphepha ukwenzakalisa abantu abaqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho monakalo mkhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
Amanye amagama ambalwa ekufuneka uwaqonde malunga nonyango
Usenokumva ugqirha esebenzisa amagama anjengala xa echaza unyango. Kungcono ukwazi nje ukuba athetha ukuthini.
| Isicelo sesayensi yezonyango | Intsingiselo elula |
|---|---|
| Unyango oluPhambili | Olu lolona nyango luphambili lomhlaza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu lunokuba lutyando. |
| Unyango oluNcedisayo | Unyango olongezelelweyo olunikwayo emva konyango oluphambili (umz. utyando) ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi. Unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation lunokunikwa ngale ndlela. |
| Unyango lweNeoadjuvant (ngaphambi konyango) | Unyango olunikwa ngaphambi konyango oluphambili. Umzekelo, ukunika i-chemotherapy ngaphambi kokuba ithumba elikhulu lomhlaza linikwe ukuze lincitshiswe ukuze lisuswe lula ngotyando. |
Masifunde nangemiphumo emibi yonyango.
Xa unyango lomhlaza lubulala iiseli zomhlaza, ngamanye amaxesha lunokonakalisa iiseli ezisempilweni emizimbeni yethu. Yiyo loo nto iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zisenzeka. Kodwa khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifanayo. Abanye abantu banokugqiba unyango ngaphandle kweengxaki.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo esibi | Izinto ezibonwa rhoqo |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elifutshane (ezivela ngexesha lonyango) |
|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide (ezinokwenzeka emva konyango) |
|
Musa ukoyika ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kukho amayeza neendlela ezikhoyo namhlanje ezinokulawula nokunciphisa phantse zonke ezi zinto. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokungonwabi okufumanayo.
Ndingenza njani ukuba eli xesha lonyango libe lula kancinci kum?
Ukuya kunyango lomhlaza kunokuba nzima, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Kodwa kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze kube lula kuwe.
- Yiba nolwazi: Funda kangangoko unako ngemeko yakho kunye nonyango lwakho. Okukhona usazi okungakumbi, kokukhona unokuba noloyiko olungeyomfuneko.
- Buza imibuzo: Buza ugqirha wakho kunye nabongikazi nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Musa ukucinga ukuba, "Ngaba lo ngumbuzo ongenangqondo?"
- Cela uncedo: Kunokuba nzima kuwe ukwenza yonke into wedwa ngeli xesha. Musa ukuba namahloni okucela uncedo kusapho nakubahlobo.
- Yitya kakuhle: Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunempilo kangangoko unako. Oku kuya kunika umzimba wakho amandla okumelana nonyango.
- Thetha nabantu abaye baba namava afanayo: Joyina amaqela enkxaso kwizigulane zomhlaza. Ukuthetha nomntu oye wadlula kwimeko efanayo nawe kunokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla engqondo.
Ndifanele ndibize ugqirha wam nini?
Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olutsha emzimbeni wakho, iimpawu ezintsha, okanye ukwanda kokungakhululeki ngexesha lonyango lwakho, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuyityeshela njengento encinci.
Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza anokunikwa ukulawula iimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, idosi yamayeza akho okanye inkqubo yonyango ingadinga ukutshintshwa. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukoyika igama elithi umhlaza. Namhlanje, kukho unyango oluphambili olunokunyanga nokulawula iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza kakuhle.
- Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Utyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation zezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango. Injongo yazo nganye kukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Zonke iindlela zonyango zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kodwa uninzi lwazo lunokulawulwa. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokungonwabi onokuba nakho.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Usapho lwakho, abahlobo, kunye neqela lezonyango bakhona ukukunceda. Fumana inkxaso yabo.
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