Ukuba unesifo seswekile, uyazi ukuba kufuneka usilawule kangakanani na. Zininzi izinto ekufuneka uzenze, ezinje ngokulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho, ukunyamekela ukutya kwakho, kunye nokuzilolonga. Phakathi kwako konke oku, ngamanye amaxesha sinokulibala ngamehlo ethu. Kodwa enye yezona ngxaki zinzima ezinokubakho ngenxa yesifo seswekile kukulahlekelwa ngumbono. Phakathi kwazo, imeko eqhelekileyo nenokuba yingozi ekuboneni yiDiabetic Macular Edema, okanye i-DME ngamafutshane. Ukuva eli gama kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga noku kwaye ufumane unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ungawakhusela amehlo akho axabisekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. Ngasemva kweliso lakho, kukho indawo ebuthathaka kakhulu esebenza njengefilimu ekwikhamera. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-retina . Imifanekiso esiyibonayo irekhodwa kule retina. Xa unesifo seswekile, ingakumbi ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho akalawulwa ixesha elide, imithambo yegazi emincinci engaphakathi kweliso lakho iqala ukonakala. Njengombhobho wamanzi omdala, le mithambo yegazi iba buthathaka kwaye iqale ukuvuza igazi kunye nolwelo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-Diabetic Retinopathy .
Ngoku, xa olu lwelo luvuzayo luqokelelana kwi-retina, luqala ukudumba. Kukho inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-retina esinceda sibone ngokucacileyo, kanye embindini, ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula . Xa olo lwelo luvuzayo luqokelelana kwi-macula kwaye ludumba, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi -Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) . Xa i-macula idumba, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umbono wethu ocacileyo nocacileyo.
Ngaba uneempawu ezifana nezi?
Ingxaki enye nge-DME kukuba ngamanye amaxesha ayibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Kodwa njengoko imeko iqhubeka, unokubona izinto ezifana nezi:
- Umbono ofipheleyo: Xa ufunda incwadi, ubukele iTV, okanye ujonge ubuso bomntu, umbindi womfanekiso uba lufiphele kwaye ungacacanga.
- Imifanekiso ibonakala ithambile okanye igobile: Kwanomgca othe tye ungabonakala uthambile njengegagasi.
- Imibala ephelileyo: Imibala ibonakala ngathi ayisekho ukukhanya kwayo nokucaca kwayo, ibonakala ngathi "ihlanjiwe."
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa . Bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka , nokuba awunazo naziphi na iimpawu.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-DME?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze imibuzo embalwa aze emva koko akuhlole amehlo.
Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha
- Ngaba ukhe waphawula naluphi na utshintsho kwimbono yakho kutshanje?
- Unexesha elingakanani ufunyaniswe unesifo seswekile? Ngaba kukho umntu onayo kusapho lwakho?
- Injani iswekile yakho yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-A1c?
- Ngaba une-high blood pressure okanye i-cholesterol ephezulu?
- Ngaba kukho ezinye iimeko zempilo?
Emva koko, ezi mvavanyo zenziwa ikakhulu ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo.
| Igama lovavanyo | Ngamafutshane, wenza ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lokuBonakala koBuchule bokuBonakala | Olu luvavanyo lokufunda esilwaziyo sonke. Lulinganisa ukuba ubona ngokucacileyo kangakanani kumgama owahlukileyo. |
| Uvavanyo lwamehlo oluDilated | Ugqirha uza kubeka amathontsi esweni lakho ukuze andise umngxuma omnyama elisweni lakho. Emva koko, besebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo, baza kujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lakho ukuze bajonge imeko ye-retina yakho, ukuba kukho ulwelo oluphuma kwimithambo yegazi, nokuba kukho na ukudumba. |
| I-Fluorescein Angiogram (FA) | Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Idayi ekhethekileyo ifakwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Njengoko idayi ihamba ngemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso lakho, ikhamera ekhethekileyo ithatha imifanekiso. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni apho imithambo yegazi ivuza khona. |
| I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) | Oku kufana nokuskena ngaphakathi kweliso. Ikhamera ekhethekileyo ithatha umfanekiso wecandelo elinqamlezileyo le-retina. Oku kunokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba kukho ukudumba okungakanani kwi-macula kunye nokuba lungakanani ulwelo oluqokelelweyo. |
Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ugqirha uza kugqiba ukuba unayo na i-DME kwaye iyingozi kangakanani.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-DME?
Ngethamsanqa, ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu lwe-DME. Ugqirha wakho uza kucebisa unyango olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.1. Iinaliti ze-Anti-VEGF
Olu lolona nyango luphambili nolusebenzayo olufumanekayo ngoku. I-VEGF yiproteni enceda imithambo yegazi emitsha nebuthathaka ukuba yakheke ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Ezi naliti zithintela loo protein ye-VEGF. Oku kuthintela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kunye nolwelo oluvela kwimithambo ekhoyo ukuba lungaphumi. Ezi naliti zifakwa ngqo esweni. Nangona isenokuvakala ngathi yoyikisa kancinci, iyayithuntubeza iliso ukuze lingabi buhlungu kakhulu. Amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ngala:
- I-Aflibercept (Eylea)
- I-Bevacizumab (i-Avastin)
- I-Ranibizumab (iLucentis)
- I-Faricimab-svoa (iVabysmo) - Eli liyeza elitsha elithintela zombini iiproteni ze-VEGF kunye ne-Ang-2.
2. Unyango lweLaser (iLaser Photocoagulation)
Ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, kusetyenziswa iilaser "ukuvala" okanye ukutshisa imithambo yegazi evuzayo. Oku kunokunceda ukulawula ukudumba. Kusenokufuneka ufumane unyango oluninzi.
3. Ezinye iindlela zonyango
Kwezinye iimeko, kusetyenziswa inaliti ze-steroid. Kwakhona, ukuba ulwelo olungaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous humor) luphuma igazi kwaye lubangela ukubona okufipheleyo, kwenziwa inkqubo yotyando ebizwa ngokuba yi-vitrectomy ukuze kususwe ulwelo kwaye kufakwe isisombululo esicacileyo endaweni yalo.
Izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhathalele
Ukongeza kunyango olunikwa ngugqirha wakho, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ngokwakho. Ukwenza ezi zinto ngokuchanekileyo kunokunceda ukuthintela imeko ukuba ingabi mandundu.
- Lawula isifo sakho seswekile: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Gcina iswekile yakho egazini, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol kumanqanaba afanelekileyo achazwe ngugqirha wakho. Sela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho kanye njengoko eyalelwe.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo, lawula ubunzima bakho, kwaye uzilolonge yonke imihla. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze nesicwangciso esifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Musa ukulibazisa ukuvavanywa kwamehlo: Musa ukulibazisa ukuvavanywa kwamehlo kuba ucinga ukuba akukho nto imbi. Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukukubona rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani kwaye ajonge naziphi na ezinye iingxaki.
- Cinga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kwaye uxhalabile xa uneengxaki zokubona. Thetha ngeemvakalelo zakho nosapho lwakho, umhlobo othembekileyo, okanye ugqirha wakho. Funa uncedo kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Khumbula, i-DME yimeko yokugcina umbono ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki, jongana nayo ngenkalipho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile, ukugcina iswekile egazini lakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol ephantsi kolawulo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela amehlo akho.
- Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, qiniseka ukuba uvavanywa iliso ngokupheleleyo (uvavanyo lwamehlo oluvulekileyo) ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokungaboni kakuhle, imifanekiso egqwethekileyo, okanye imibala efipheleyo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu lwe-DME (i-Anti-VEGF injections, ii-laser). Unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, kokukhona amathuba okugcina umbono esanda.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Fumana inkxaso kugqirha wakho, kusapho nakubahlobo bakho.
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