Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba ukhe waziva urhawuzelelwa ngequbuliso eminweni yakho, okanye intlungu ebukhali emlenzeni wakho. Namhlanje sithetha ngolu hlobo lokungakhululeki oluphelela kwindawo enye, kwelinye icala lomzimba. Mhlawumbi ubusoloko uhlupheka koku ixesha elide. Ngoko makhe sibone ukuba oku kubizwa njani kwisayensi yezonyango, kutheni oku kusenzeka, kwaye yintoni enokwenziwa ngako.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iMononeuropathy?
Xa usiva igama elithi mononeuropathy, usenokucinga ukuba sisifo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa intsingiselo yalo ilula kakhulu. Igama elithi "Mono" lithetha "inye", elithi "Neuro" lithetha "imithambo-luvo", kwaye elithi "pathy" lithetha "isifo". Ngamazwi alula, i-mononeuropathy kuxa kukho umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo enye emzimbeni wethu.
Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengesakhiwo esikhulu. Igumbi lolawulo eliphambili lesi sakhiwo yingqondo kunye nomqolo. Ukusuka kweli gumbi lolawulo, kukho inkqubo yeengcingo ezithwala imiyalezo yombane kuzo zonke iindawo zesakhiwo. Loo nkqubo yeengcingo yinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Kwi-mononeuropathy, okwenzekayo kukuba ingcingo enye kuphela kule nkqubo yeengcingo yonakele.
Lo monakalo unokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini.
1. Ukonakala kwesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleze imithambo-luvo (njengesigqubuthelo seplastiki esijikeleze ucingo). Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-`(i-Myelin sheath)`.
2. Ukonakala kwenxalenye yeseli yemithambo-luvo ngokwayo (i-"Axon").
Nokuba yintoni na umonakalo, imiyalezo ehamba ngemithambo-luvo ayihambi kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, siqala ukuva izinto ezifana neentlungu, ukungaziva, kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha.
Zeziphi iimithambo-luvo ezichaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?
Enyanisweni, nawuphi na umthambo omnye emzimbeni wethu ungonakaliswa ngale ndlela. Kodwa kukho eminye imithambo enokuthi yonakale ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo (ingakumbi imithambo esondela eluswini okanye ethanjeni). Ezinye zezi meko zide zibe namagama akhethekileyo. Usenokuba ukhe waweva la magama ngaphambili.
| Imithambo-luvo echaphazelekayo kunye nemeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Median Nerve (Isifo seCarpal Tunnel) | Oku kuqhelekile kubantu abachitha ixesha elininzi bechwetheza kwikhompyutha, bethunga, bekhwela ibhayisekile, okanye besenza eminye imisebenzi ebangela uxinzelelo olungapheliyo ezihlahleni zabo. Bafumana ukurhawuzelelwa kunye nentlungu kwiminwe, njengobhontsi, umnwe wokukhomba, kunye nomnwe ophakathi. |
| I-Sciatic Nerve (Sciatica) | Kwilali zethu, oku kukwabizwa ngokuba 'yintlungu kaRiri Yakage'. Uphawu oluphambili yintlungu enzima eqala emqolo idlule ezimpundu iye ngasemva komlenze. Oku kunokwenzeka emva kokuphakamisa into enzima okanye ukuhlala kwindawo engafanelekanga. |
| I-Ulnar Neva (Ukubanjwa Kwemithambo-luvo ye-Ulnar) | Xa usebenza ixesha elide ungqiniba lwakho luphezu kwedesika, ngaba uziva ngathi umnwe wakho omncinci kunye nesiqingatha somnwe wakho weringi ziyaqaqamba? Kungenxa yokuba le mithambo-luvo iyacinezelwa. |
| I-Radial Nerve (Isifo seRadial Tunnel) | Ibangelwa luxinzelelo olukwinxalenye ephezulu yesandla. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukolula isandla. |
| Umthambo Womntu Ngamnye | Le mithambo-luvo ingonakaliswa ngokuma umlenze omnye unqamlezwe ixesha elide, okanye ngokubetheka nzima edolweni. Oku kunokubangela ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa iinzwane (ukuwa kweenyawo). |
| Umthambo woBuso (Isifo sikaBell's Palsy) | Le yimeko echaphazela umthambo (`(Cranial Nerve)`) ovela ngqo engqondweni. Ngequbuliso, elinye icala lobuso liyafa, kwaye ikona yomlomo iyajika. Nangona abantu abaninzi besoyika oku, kudla ngokuba yimeko enokunyangwa. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha imithambo-luvo emibini okanye ngaphezulu kwiindawo ezingadibaniyo emzimbeni inokonakala ngaxeshanye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Multiple Mononeuropathy".
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi imithambo-luvo echaphazelekileyo kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo , kodwa kukho iimpawu ezithile eziqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba ndindisholo nokurhawuzelela: Ukuncipha okanye ukuphelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwemvakalelo kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Kuvakala ngathi unikwe i-anesthesia.
- Intlungu okanye ukutsha: Intlungu ingavakala ngathi kukutsha, ukuhlaba, okanye ukubetheka ngombane.
- Ukuva iinaliti: Olu luphawu oluqhelekileyo. Silubiza ngokuba "ziinaliti". Igama lezonyango lale nto yi-"Paresthesia".
- Ubuthathaka bemisipha: Izihlunu ezilawulwa yimithambo-luvo ehambelanayo ziba buthathaka. Umzekelo, ukuba umthambo osesandleni wonakele, usenokungakwazi ukubamba into ngokuqinileyo ngesandla sakho, okanye ungawisa izinto. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zihlunu zinokuba buthathaka (Muscle Atrophy).
Ukuba unale mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela njengesiqhelo. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso. Ukuba unyango lulibaziseka, lunokukhokelela kwintlungu engapheliyo, ukuphelelwa zimvakalelo ngokusisigxina, okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba .
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili zezizathu ze-mononeuropathy.
1. Ukwenzakala
Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo: umonakalo othe ngqo kumthambo-luvo.
- Ukuqhubeka nokwenza intshukumo efanayo: Umzekelo, umntu ochwetheza ngendlela efanayo imini yonke, okanye umntu osebenzisa izandla zakhe ngendlela efanayo kumzi-mveliso weempahla.
- Ukuzolula kakhulu ilungu: Oku kunokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, njengaxa udlala imidlalo.
- Ukwaphuka: Xa ithambo elingalweni okanye emlenzeni liphuka, umthambo ohamba kufutshane nelo thambo ungonakala.
- Utyando okanye ukusikwa ngesixhobo esibukhali: Umthambo unganqunyulwa ngexesha lotyando okanye kwingozi.
- Unyango lwemitha yomhlaza: Olu nyango lunokonakalisa imithambo-luvo.
2. Uxinzelelo lweMithambo
Umthambo ocinezelwa zizicwili ezijikelezileyo okanye into ethile.
- Uphuhliso lwethumba: Ithumba linokuvela kufutshane nomthambo kwaye licinezeleke kuwo.
- Ukudumba okugqithisileyo (`Edema`): Ukudumba okubangelwa kukwenzakala okanye enye imeko yempilo kunokucinezela imithambo-luvo.
- I-tight cast: Ukuba i-cast (esetyenziselwa ukusonga ilungu elaphukileyo) iba lukhuni kakhulu, inokucinezela imithambo-luvo ngaphakathi.
- Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinduku:Xa usebenzisa iinduku zokubopha ubunzima bengalo yakho phantsi kwekhwapha lakho, ungayicinezela imithambo-luvo ehamba phantsi kwekhwapha lakho.
- Ukuma kakubi: Ukusebenza egadini umi ngamadolo ixesha elide, unqamle imilenze yakho, okanye ukugoba iingqiniba zakho etafileni kunokubangela ukuxinana kwemithambo-luvo.
3. Ezinye Iimeko Zempilo
I-Mononeuropathy inokubangelwa ziimeko ezithile zonyango, kodwa ezi meko zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimithambo-luvo engaphezu komnye.
- Isifo seswekile: Xa isifo seswekile singalawuleki, amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini anokonakalisa imithambo-luvo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Izifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Kwizifo ezifana neLupus kunye neRheumatoid Arthritis, inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela inokuhlasela imithambo-luvo.
- Ezinye izifo: Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV kunye ne-herpes (`Shingles`) zingonakalisa imithambo-luvo.
- Ukunqongophala kweevithamini: Ukunqongophala kweevithamini, ingakumbi ezo zikwiqela le-B, kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwemithambo-luvo.
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala: Ukusela kakhulu ixesha elide kuyingozi kwimithambo-luvo.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha onamava unokuxilonga esi sifo ngokuphulaphula iimpawu zakho aze akuhlole .
- Ukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngezinye iimeko zempilo onazo (ezifana nesifo seswekile), umsebenzi wakho, kunye nazo naziphi na iingozi zamva nje.
- Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yomzimba neyemithambo-luvo: Amandla emisipha yakho, imvakalelo, kunye nokusabela kwayo kuyajongwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba imbangela ayicacanga, okanye ukuba iimpawu zinzima, ugqirha unokucebisa uvavanyo oluthile ukuze aqinisekise ngakumbi.
- I-EMG (i-Electromyography): Oku kwenzelwa ukujonga indlela imiqondiso yombane ehamba ngayo ukusuka kwimithambo-luvo ukuya kwimisipha yakho.
- Uphononongo lokuHanjiswa kweMithambo: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa isantya apho isignali yombane ihamba khona kwimithambo-luvo. Ukuba imithambo-luvo yonakele, esi santya siyancipha.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukujonga isifo seswekile, ukungabikho kweevithamini emzimbeni, okanye ezinye iimeko zempilo.
- Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Usenokucelwa ukuba wenze i-ultrasound, i-MRI, okanye i-CT scan ukuze ubone ukuba imithambo-luvo icinezelwa sisimila okanye esinye isizathu.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomonakalo wemithambo-luvo, unobangela, kunye nobunzima beempawu zakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba unyango olulungele wena.
- Ukuphumla kunye neepilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu: Kwinqanaba lokuqala, unyango kuphela kukuphepha imisebenzi ebeka uxinzelelo kwimithambo-luvo kunye nokusela iipilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu.
- Iisplints:Ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana neCarpal Tunnel Syndrome, i-splint iyacetyiswa ukuze ingashukumi. Oku kunika umthambo ithuba lokuphumla.
- Iinaliti ze-steroid: Inaliti ye-steroid inganikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba okujikeleze imithambo-luvo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
- Unyango lomzimba: Uqeqesho olukhethekileyo olwenziwe phantsi kwesikhokelo sonyango lomzimba lunokuqinisa izihlunu, lunciphise iintlungu, kwaye lubuyisele ukuhamba kwamalungu.
- Ukunyanga imeko engundoqo: Ukuba le meko ibangelwa sisifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukugcina isifo seswekile silawulwa kakuhle.
- Utyando: Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azincedi, kwaye umthambo ucinezelwe kakhulu, kunokufuneka utyando oluncinci ukuze kuncitshiswe ucinezelo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Mononeuropathy kukonakalisa umthambo omnye kuphela emzimbeni wethu. Esi asisosifo sinzima esoyikwayo, kodwa asiyonto yokungayinaki.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukurhawuzelela, iintlungu, ukudumba, kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha kwindawo enye yomzimba.
- Ukusebenza kwindawo enye rhoqo, iingozi, uxinzelelo lwemithambo-luvo, kunye neemeko zempilo ezifana nesifo seswekile zinokuba zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela oku.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa iimpawu ziqala. Okukhona unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuchacha ngokupheleleyo eba mancinci.
- Le meko inokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngokuphumla, amayeza okudambisa iintlungu, unyango lomzimba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha notyando.
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