Ngaba wakha weva ugqirha ethetha ngengxaki yezintso kusapho lwakho okanye kumntu omthandayo? Xa sisiva into efana nale, "Zombini izintso aziphumelelanga, ngoku kufuneka senze i-dialysis," siziva sisoyika kakhulu kwaye sothukile. Yintoni kanye kanye i-dialysis? Ngaba le yinto yokoyika ngokwenene? Ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngolu nyango? Mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi efana nale engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda kakuhle.
Kalula nje, yintoni i-dialysis?
Ngamafutshane, i-dialysis yindlela yonyango eyenza umsebenzi omele wenziwe zizintso zethu xa zingasebenzi kakuhle.
Khawucinge nje ukuba umzimba wethu ungumzi-mveliso omkhulu. Yonke iseli kule mveliso iyasebenza. Lo msebenzi uvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zenkunkuma. Izintso zethu zifana nenkqubo yokucoca engcono kakhulu kule mveliso. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukucoca iimveliso zenkunkuma ezingafunekiyo, iityhefu, kunye namanzi agqithisileyo egazini kwaye zikhuphe emzimbeni njengomchamo. Izinto ezifana nenkunkuma ye-nitrogen (urea) kunye nemveliso yenkunkuma evela kwimisipha (creatinine) zisuswa ngale ndlela.
Khawucinge nje ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le nkqubo yokucoca iyaphuka okanye iyeka ukusebenza? Yonke inkunkuma eveliswa kuloo mzi-mveliso iya kuqokelelana kwaye yonke inkqubo iya kuba yingxubakaxaka, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto, xa sinengxaki yezintso, iityhefu, iimveliso zenkunkuma, kunye nolwelo olungafunekiyo ziqala ukuqokelelana egazini lethu. Le meko iyingozi kakhulu kubomi bethu.
Yiloo nto eyenziwa yi-dialysis. Oko kukuthi, yenza umsebenzi wokucoca igazi elingenakukwazi ukulicocwa zizintso, nokuba kukusetyenziswa komatshini okanye ngenye indlela ekhethekileyo. Njengokuba xa isihluzo sethu samanzi ekhaya siphuka, sizisa iibhotile zamanzi ezicocekileyo evenkileni, xa izintso zingasebenzi, sicoca igazi ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-dialysis.
Ngubani ofuna unyango lwe-dialysis?
Ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo sezintso ofuna i-dialysis. Oku kufuneka kuphela kubantu abanesifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela, okanye isifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela (ESKD).
Ngokwesiqhelo kukho izigaba ezintlanu zesifo sezintso. Kwinqanaba lesihlanu, izintso zisebenza ngaphantsi kwe-15% kwinqanaba lazo eliqhelekileyo. Kweli nqanaba, umzimba awusakwazi ukususa iityhefu eziqokelelana emzimbeni ngokwawo. Ngelo xesha, i-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso kuyimfuneko ukuze ziphile. Abanye abantu bafumana unyango lwe-dialysis phakathi kwala maxesha de bafumane ukufakelwa kwezintso.
Zithini izizathu eziphambili zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso?
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulwayo ixesha elide luyimbangela enkulu yomonakalo wezintso.
- Isifo seswekile:Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ngenxa yesifo seswekile ayonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka kwizintso.
- Izifo ezifana neLupus: Ezi zizifo apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela amalungu awo.
- Ezinye izizathu: Ngamanye amaxesha, ingozi engalindelekanga okanye usulelo olukhulu lunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Kwakhona, abanye abantu banokuba nesifo sezintso ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Ukuqala i-dialysis sisigqibo esibalulekileyo. Kodwa ukuba umntu onengxaki yezintso akayenzi i-dialysis, unokufumana i-uremia (ukuqokelelana kweetyhefu egazini) aze afe kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ke ngoko, olu lunyango olubalulekileyo olusindisa ubomi.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-dialysis:
Xa sicinga nge-dialysis, into ekuphela kwayo efika engqondweni yinkqubo yokucoca igazi ngokulidibanisa nomatshini omkhulu. Kodwa eneneni kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-dialysis. Masiqonde umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
1. I-Hemodialysis
2. I-Peritoneal Dialysis
Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ngezi ndlela zimbini emva kokuqwalasela izinto ezifana nempilo yakho kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.
| Uphawu | I-Hemodialysis | I-Peritoneal Dialysis |
|---|---|---|
| Indawo yokwenza | Idla ngokwenziwa esibhedlele okanye kwiziko le-dialysis. | Ungakwenza ngokwakho ekhaya. |
| Indlela | Umatshini uthatha igazi emzimbeni, ulihluze nge-dialyzer yokwenziwa, uze ubuyisele igazi elicocekileyo emzimbeni. | I-peritoneum, inwebu engaphakathi esiswini, isebenza njengesihluzo sendalo sokucoca igazi. |
| Ixesha kunye nokuphindaphinda | Kuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-3-4 ngexesha, malunga neentsuku ezi-3 ngeveki. | Kwenziwa yonke imihla, amaxesha ama-3-5 ngemini (imizuzu engama-30-40 nganye) okanye ebusuku xa ulele usebenzisa umatshini. |
| Utyando | Ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale, kufuneka kwenziwe utyando oluncinci (i-fistula) ukuze kwandiswe imithambo yegazi engalweni. | Kufuneka utyando ukuze kufakwe ityhubhu ethambileyo (i-catheter) ngokusisigxina esiswini. |
Okungakumbi malunga ne-hemodialysis
Le yindlela ye-dialysis esetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini. Nantsi into eyenzekayo:
1. Ukulungiselela: Ngenxa yokuba umatshini we-dialysis kufuneka upompe igazi ngokukhawuleza, imithambo yethu eqhelekileyo ayinakuyinyamezela. Ngoko ke, ugqirha uza kwenza utyando oluncinci aze adibanise umthambo kunye nomthambo engalweni yakho ukuze enze umthambo wegazi omkhulu noqinileyo (i-fistula). Le yinto esetyenziselwa ukuthatha nokubuyisela igazi kwi-dialysis.
2. Unyango: Xa usiya kwiziko le-dialysis, umongikazi ufaka iinaliti ezimbini kumthambo wegazi owenziweyo. Omnye wabo ukhupha igazi emzimbeni wakho aze alithumele kumatshini we-dialysis. Njengoko lidlula kwisihluzo sokwenziwa esibizwa ngokuba yi-dialyzer ngaphakathi kumatshini, izinto ezilahliweyo kunye namanzi angaphezulu ziyasuswa egazini. Emva koko igazi elicociweyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngenye inaliti. Le nkqubo ithatha malunga neeyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4. Ngeli xesha, ungahlala esitulweni wenze into efana nokufunda incwadi okanye ubukele iTV.
Iinkcukacha malunga ne-Peritoneal Dialysis
Le ndlela yahlukile kancinci. Ayisebenzisi matshini mkhulu. Endaweni yoko, isebenzisa into esemzimbeni wethu njengesihluzo.
1. Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kokuba olu nyango luqale, ugqirha uza kufaka umbhobho ohlala uhleli (i-catheter) esiswini sakho, ngaphezulu nje komphezulu wolusu.
2. Unyango: Ulwelo olukhethekileyo lokucoca olubizwa ngokuba yi-'dialysate' lugalelwa kwisisu ngale tube. I-membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'peritoneum' egubungela udonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu inemithambo yegazi emininzi emincinci. Xa olo lwelo lusesiswini, lusebenza njengemagnethi ukutsala inkunkuma kunye namanzi angaphezulu egazini. Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, ulwelo oluqokelelene kwinkunkuma luyakhutshwa kwakhona nge tube efanayo kwaye lususwe. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-'exchange'.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokwenza oku:
- I-CAPD (i-Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis):Kwimeko enjalo, kuya kufuneka utshintshe olu lwelo malunga nezihlandlo ezi-3-5 ngemini. Xa ingxowa yolwelo ixhonywe phezulu kunegxalaba lakho, amandla adonsela phantsi komhlaba aya kubangela ukuba ulwelo lungene esiswini sakho. Oku kuya kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30-40.
- I-APD (i-Automated Peritoneal Dialysis): Oku kulula kubantu abaninzi. Ngaphambi kokuba ulale ebusuku, uqhagamshelwe kumatshini omncinci. Ngelixa ulele, umatshini utshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ulwelo izihlandlo ezininzi ubusuku bonke.
Injani ubomi nge-dialysis? Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ezixhalabisayo?
Le yeminye yemibuzo emikhulu umntu oza kuqalisa i-dialysis ajongene nayo. Masijonge nganye nganye.
Ngaba i-dialysis ibuhlungu?
- I-Hemodialysis: Kukho imvakalelo yokuhlaba kancinci xa inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni. Emva koko, akukho ntlungu ibakho ngexesha lonyango.
- I-Peritoneal dialysis: Akukho ntlungu koku. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ulwelo luzalisa isisu, lusenokuvakala lugcwele kwaye lunzima.
Zithini iingozi zonyango lwe-dialysis?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lwezonyango, i-dialysis ineengozi ezithile.
- Kwi-hemodialysis: Kukho umngcipheko wosulelo kwindawo yokufikelela. Kwakhona, amahlwili egazi anokuthintela umthambo wegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokwehla. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, oomatshini baneenkqubo zokhuseleko. Ukuba kukho into engahambanga kakuhle, i-alamu iya kukhala kwaye umatshini uya kuma, ngoko akuyi kubakho monakalo mkhulu.
- Kwi-peritoneal dialysis: Eyona ngozi inkulu yi-peritonitis. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba iintsholongwane zingena kwindawo apho kufakwe khona ityhubhu. Ke ngoko, le nkqubo kufuneka yenziwe ngococeko oluphezulu. Kwakhona, ngokuhamba kwexesha, izihlunu zesisu zinokuba buthathaka kwaye i-hernias inokwenzeka.
Ngaba i-dialysis iya kuzenza izintso zam zibe ngcono kwakhona?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. I-Dialysis ayilonyango lwesifo sezintso. Ithatha okwethutyana kuphela ukusebenza kwezintso. Isifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela (ESKD) sisifo esingenakuguqulwa. Ke ngoko, i-dialysis iyimfuneko ubomi bakho bonke de ufumane ukufakelwa izintso.
Umntu okwi-dialysis angaphila ixesha elingakanani?
Akukho mpendulo inye koku. Kuyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana neminyaka yakho, impilo iyonke, kunye nemeko ebangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Kodwa kukho abantu abaninzi, ngonyango olufanelekileyo nangokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wabo, abaphila ubomi obonwabisayo iminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka.
Ndingasebenza ngokuqhelekileyo nge-dialysis?
Kakade unako.I-Dialysis ayithethi ukuba ubomi bakho buphelile. Uninzi lwabantu luqhubeka nobomi babo bemihla ngemihla, besenza imisebenzi yabo, kwaye benyamekela iintsapho zabo. Ungahamba nohambo. Ukuba usebenzisa i-hemodialysis, ungathetha neziko le-dialysis elikwindawo okuyo kwaye wenze amalungiselelo okufumana unyango lwakho apho. Ukuba usebenzisa i-peritoneal dialysis, kulula nangakumbi kuba ungahamba neengxowa zakho zolwelo.
Lumka kwezi mpawu: Xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko
Ukuba ufumana unyango lwe-dialysis, yazisa ugqirha wakho okanye iziko lonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuchama | Ukuyeka ukuchama okunciphileyo okanye okupheleleyo. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi | Ukudinwa, ukuquleka, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, unxano olungaqhelekanga. |
| Iimpawu zosulelo | Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuba bomvu, ukudumba, okanye ububomvu kwindawo efakwe kuyo ityhubhu. |
| Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu | Oku kungaba luphawu losulelo, ingakumbi kwabo bakwi-peritoneal dialysis. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Ukucaphuka okanye ukuhlanza okungachazekiyo. |
| Iimpawu zeHernia | Ukudumba okanye iqhubu elingaqhelekanga esiswini okanye kwindawo yemiphunga. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Dialysis yindlela yokusindisa ubomi kumntu onengxaki yezintso. Musa ukuyoyika loo nto.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-dialysis (i-hemodialysis kunye ne-peritoneal dialysis). Ugqirha wakho angakunceda ukhethe indlela efanelekileyo kwindlela yakho yokuphila kunye nemeko yakho yempilo.
- Olu lunyango oluhlala ubomi bonke (de kube kugqitywe ukufakelwa izintso), kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obupheleleyo nobusebenzayo ngelixa usebenzisa i-dialysis.
- Ukuba usebenzisa i-peritoneal dialysis , lumka kakhulu malunga nococeko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo malunga nokutya kwakho, ulwelo olusetyenziswayo, kunye namayeza.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Basoloko bekulungele ukukunceda.
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