Ngaba ugqirha wakha wakuxelela, nokuba kusapho lwakho okanye kuwe, ukuba "unemithambo yegazi evalekileyo" okanye "umthambo wegazi uvuvukile njengebhaluni"? Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kakhulu xa sisiva into enjalo. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba into efana nale ifuna utyando olukhulu, ukusikwa okukhulu, kunye nexesha elide lokuchacha. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ngoku kukho indlela yokunyanga uninzi lwezi ngxaki ngaphandle kokusikwa okukhulu, ngomngxuma omncinci kakhulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngaloo ndlela imangalisayo yonyango, 'utyando lwe-endovascular'.
Yintoni utyando lwe-Endovascular?
Ngamafutshane, utyando lwe-endovascular yindlela yokunyanga izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu ngaphandle kokwenza imingxunya emikhulu. Khawuthelekelele umbhobho wamanzi ovalekileyo endlwini yakho. Ukuze uwulungise, ufaka ucingo oluncinci kumbhobho uze ususe ukuvaleka ngaphandle kokuphula udonga.
Igama elithi "Endo" lithetha "ngaphakathi." Igama elithi "Vascular" lithetha "okunxulumene nemithambo yegazi." Ngoko ke xa ezi zimbini zidityanisiwe, igama elithi "Endovascular" lithetha "unyango olwenziwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi." Kule nto, oogqirha bafaka ityhubhu ebhityileyo neguquguqukayo (i-catheter) kwimithambo yegazi baze badlule kuyo ukuze balungise ingxaki kwimithambo yegazi. Le nkqubo inokubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi engqondweni, entliziyweni, emalungeni, nasemiphungeni.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kotyando lwesintu kunye nale ndlela intsha?
Nangona zombini ezi ndlela zonyango lwemithambo yegazi, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwindlela ugqirha ajongana ngayo nemithambo yegazi. Ukuze uqonde lo mahluko, jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uphawu | Utyando Oluvulekileyo | Utyando lwe-Endovascular |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokufikelela | Ugqirha usika ulusu, enze umngxuma omkhulu, aze afikelele emthanjeni wegazi. | Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci emthanjeni wegazi ngenaliti, kwaye kufakwa iityhubhu ezincinci (ii-catheters) ngayo. |
| Indlela Yokusika | Inkulu, ndifuna ukuthungwa. | Incinci kakhulu (malunga nobukhulu bentloko yepinki). |
| Ukopha | Iphezulu kakhulu. | Isezantsi kakhulu. |
| Ixesha lokuphiliswa | Kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. | Kunqabile kakhulu, inokubuyela esiqhelweni kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa. |
| Ubude bokuhlala esibhedlele | Iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye ngaphezulu kweveki. | Ngokwesiqhelo usuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Mhlawumbi ungagoduka ngaloo mini inye. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba zeziphi kwezi ndlela zimbini ezifanelekileyo kuwe, ecinga ngemeko yakho yempilo, ubudala, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Zeziphi iimeko eziphambili zonyango ezinyangwa ngale ndlela?
Utyando lwe-Endovascular lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
- I-Aneurysm: Oku kubuthathaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba uvuvuke ngaphandle njengebhaluni. Oku kunokwenzeka kwi-aneurysm ye-aortic yesisu okanye kwi-aortic aneurysm yesifuba, kunye nakwezinye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni. Oku kuyingozi kuba ukuba le aneurysm iyagqabhuka, inokubangela ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi.
- I-atherosclerosis: Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto. Ngamafutshane, kukuqokelelana kwe-cholesterol namafutha ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okwenza umaleko we-"plaque." Oku kubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe kwaye ithintele ukuhamba kwegazi. Le yeyona nto ibangela izifo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha.
- Isifo seCarotid Artery:Imithambo yegazi ye-carotid yimithambo yegazi emibini ephambili kumacala omabini entamo yethu ethwala igazi liye engqondweni. Xa le mithambo yegazi ivalekile, umngcipheko we-stroke uyanda kakhulu.
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Eli lihlwili legazi elenzeka kwimithambo engaphakathi emzimbeni, ingakumbi emilenzeni. Ingozi apha kukuba ukuba eli hlwili legazi liyaqhekeka lize libhajwe emthanjeni wegazi emiphungeni (Pulmonary Embolism), linokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Isifo seMithambo yoMzimba (i-PAD): Imeko ebangelwa kukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emilenzeni, ingakumbi emilenzeni. Uphawu oluphambili ziintlungu emilenzeni xa uhamba umgama omfutshane.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando?
Ukuba ucetyiswa ukuba wenze olu hlobo lotyando, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala athethe nawe ngemeko yakho kunye nembali yempilo yakho. Emva koko uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze acele iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze aqonde ngcono ingxaki. Umzekelo:
- I-ultrasound scan: Ukubona indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nendawo apho kuvaliwe khona.
- I-Angiography: Kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kufunyanwe imephu ecacileyo yemithambo yegazi.
- I-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan: Fumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yemithambo yegazi kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo.
- I-ECG kunye ne-Echocardiogram: Jonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kwezi mvavanyo, iqela lezonyango liza kucwangcisa unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngale ndlela?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-endovascular. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, uza kukhetha enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi.
| Indlela yonyango (Inkqubo) | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| I-Angioplasty | I-catheter enebhaluni ifakwa kumthambo wegazi ovalekileyo kwaye ibhaluni iyavuthelwa ukuze yandise indawo evalekileyo. |
| Ukubekwa kweStent | Emva kwe-angioplasty, ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh yesinyithi (i-stent) ifakwa ngaphakathi kumthambo ukuze ingavaleki kwakhona. |
| Utyando lwe-atheromy | Ukususa i-plaque eqokelele eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo. |
| Ukufakelwa kweStent | Ityhubhu eyenziwe ngelaphu kunye ne-mesh yesinyithi ifakwa ize ifakelwe ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ebuthathaka, efana ne-aneurysm, ukuze iqiniswe. |
| Utyando lweThrombectomy | Ukususwa ngoomatshini okanye ukunyibilika kwamayeza kwehlwili legazi (i-thrombus) elibanjwe kwimithambo yegazi (i-thrombolysis). |
| Ukwakhiwa kwe-embolization | Ukuvalwa ngabom komthambo wegazi ngokufaka into encinci efana neentsimbi emthonjeni ukuze kumiswe ukopha okanye kuthintelwe ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kwithumba. |
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Lumka kwezi mpawu!
Enye yezona nzuzo zinkulu zolu tyando kukuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima botyando, ungaya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye (ngaphandle kwesibhedlele) okanye uhlale esibhedlele usuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphinda luqhubeke nemisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla emva kwenyanga. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika icebiso elihle kakhulu ngale nto.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kuzo zonke iintlanganiso zokulandelelana nogqirha wakho emva kotyando. Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini, esifubeni, emqolo, okanye emqolo
- Ukopha kwindawo yotyando
- Intlungu okanye ukudumba emlenzeni okanye engalweni
- Ukudinwa okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo
- Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukuphelelwa yimvakalelo engalweni okanye emlenzeni
- Ubuthathaka obukhulu okanye ukudinwa
- Ubomvu besikhumba okanye ulwelo olufana nobovu oluphuma kwinxeba elincinci elenziwe ngexesha lotyando
- Ifiva
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwe-Endovascular yindlela ephucukileyo nekhuselekileyo yokunyanga imithambo yegazi emzimbeni, ngaphandle kokwenza umsikelo omkhulu.
- Oku kunokunyanga ngempumelelo izifo ezininzi eziyingozi ezifana ne-atherosclerosis, i-aneurysm, kunye ne-deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- Le ndlela inexesha elifutshane lokuchacha, iintlungu ezincinci, kwaye ihlala ixesha elifutshane esibhedlele kunotyando oluvulekileyo lwendabuko.
- Ngugqirha okuxilongayo kuphela onokugqiba ukuba le ndlela yonyango ifanelekile na kuwe.
- Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezenzekayo emva kotyando, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuzityeshela.
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