Ngaba iliso lakho linokuba 'nestroke'? (Istroke Yamehlo / Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Yeendlebe) Masifumanise kakuhle ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha waphulukana nokubona ngequbuliso kwelinye iliso, njengokucinywa kombane? Okanye wakha wazibona izinto ezincinci zidada phambi kwamehlo akho, okanye wabona izibane? Usenokuba awuzange uyinike ngqalelo ingako. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba luphawu lwesifo seliso . Esi sisifo esinzulu esifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye 'i-eye stroke'?

Ngamafutshane, 'istroke elisweni' kukuvaleka ngequbuliso komthambo wegazi, umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi kwi-retina engaphakathi kweliso lethu. Ngokwezonyango, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Retinal Artery Occlusion' . 'Ukuvaleka' kuthetha ukuvaleka. Njengaxa umbhobho wamanzi uvalekile, amanzi ayayeka ukuhamba, xa lo mthambo mncinci othwala igazi elisweni uvalekile, iliso alifumani ioksijini kunye nesondlo esifunekayo. Oku kuvaleka kudla ngokubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi .

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni le retina. I-retina ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera. Xa ukukhanya kubetha elisweni, kudala umfanekiso kwaye kuthumela umyalezo engqondweni. Ngoko ke ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kule ndawo kuyayeka, oko kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezikwiretina ziqala ukonakala, kwaye umbono wethu uyachaphazeleka ngoko nangoko.

Ngokufanayo, umthambo ohambisa igazi kwi-retina unokuvaleka. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Retinal Vein Occlusion' . Le yimeko echaphazela umbono.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olu 'xinzelelo lwamehlo' (i-Retinal Artery Occlusion) lungxamiseko lwezonyango. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu.

Ngaba zikho iintlobo zezi zinto? Uzihlula njani?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale stroke echaphazela iliso, oko kukuthi, ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ivalekile phi. Ifana nomthi onezikhonkwane ezincinci esiqwini sawo, amasebe, kunye namalungu.

• Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-Central Retinal (CRAO): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Njengesiqu somthi, lubandakanya ukuvaleka komthambo ophambili ohambisa igazi elisweni. Oku kunokuchaphazela lonke iliso, oko kuthetha ukuba ungalahlekelwa kukubona kwakho ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-Branch Retinal (BRAO): Oku kwenzeka xa umthambo omncinci, njengesebe eliphuma kumthambo oyintloko, uvaleka. Kufana nesebe elisemthini. Yinxalenye yeliso kuphela echaphazelekayo. Yinxalenye yombono kuphela enokulahleka.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ye-Twig Retinal: Lo ngumthambo wegazi omncinci nangakumbi, ofana nesebe ovalekileyo. Isiphumo sikhawulelwe kwindawo encinci nangakumbi.

Olu hlobo lunokusebenza nakwimivalo yemithambo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal yimeko engaqhelekanga. Ngokwezibalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba le meko yenzeka kumntu omnye okanye ababini kubantu abayi-100,000 ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka nakubani na, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuyiqonda le nto.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Sizibona njani?

Uninzi lwexesha, akukho ntlungu yamehlo kule meko. Yile nto ikhohlisa abantu abaninzi. Uphawu oluphambili nolokuqala kukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso okanye utshintsho ekuboneni kwelinye iliso . Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka ngalunye:

• Izinto ezidadayo, amachaphaza amancinci amnyama, nezinto ezifana nenethi ezidadayo phambi kwamehlo, kunye nokukhanya okukhawulezileyo.
• Umbono Ongacacanga.
• Amabala angaboniyo okanye ubumnyama obupheleleyo phambi kwamehlo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo izinto luqala kancinci ekuqaleni luze lukhule kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ezi mpawu zihlala zichaphazela iliso elinye kuphela. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Yiya kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka kuthi? Zithini izizathu zoku?

Eyona nto ibangela 'i-eye stroke' kukuvaleka kwegazi eliya kwi-retina. Zininzi iindlela oku kuvaleka okunokwenzeka ngazo:

1. I-Embolism: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi, i-plaque, okanye isiqwenga sethishu esivela kwenye indawo yomzimba (umzekelo, udonga lwentliziyo okanye omnye umthambo omkhulu) siqhekeka size sihambe ngegazi size sihlale kumthambo omncinci ohambisa igazi elisweni.

2. I-Thrombosis: Oku kwenzeka xa igazi liqina kwaye kwakheka ihlwili legazi ngaphakathi kumthambo ohambisa igazi elisweni.

Xa umthambo wegazi uvalekile ngale ndlela, igazi linokuvuza kuwo lize lonyuse uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso (uxinzelelo lwamehlo). Olu xinzelelo lunyukayo lungonakalisa umthambo wokubona. Oku kubonakala nakwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiglaucoma .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-'hearing stroke'?

Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko westroke elisweni ziyafana kakhulu nezo zestroke ebuchotsheni. Ezi ziquka:

• Kwabo bane-high blood pressure (i-Hypertension). Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi kweli lizwe lethu abanayo.
• Kubantu abanezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia).
• Kwabo banamafutha amaninzi kwimithambo yegazi yabo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba babe bhityile (atherosclerosis).
• Kwabo banesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo.
• Kwabo bakha baba nestroke ngaphambili.
• Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Le ngozi iyanda xa abantu bekhula.
• Kwamadoda.Uphando lubonise ukuba amadoda asemngciphekweni omkhulu kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba abafazi abanakukwazi ukuba nale meko. Abafazi nabo banokuba nale meko.
• Le ngozi iphezulu nakubantu abanesifo seswekile , kuba isifo seswekile singonakalisa imithambo yegazi.
• Umngcipheko uphezulu nakubantu abatshayayo .

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto ziyingozi, kulungile ukuba ulumke kancinci.

Ugqirha angafumanisa njani ukuba oku ‘kukubetha kwendlebe’ ngenene?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa yiyo yonke okanye inxalenye yombono wakho kwiliso elinye, yingxamiseko yezonyango . Xa ubona ugqirha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba benze oku kulandelayo:

• Uza kubuzwa ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango.
• Kuza kwenziwa uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo. Oku kuquka i-fundoscopy , okanye i-ophthalmoscopy , apho ugqirha esebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo (i-ophthalmoscope) kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo ukuhlola ingaphakathi lelihlo lakho, ingakumbi i-retina kunye nemithambo yegazi.
• Usenokucelwa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-fluorescein angiography. Oku kuquka ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osesandleni sakho nokusebenzisa ikhamera ukuthabatha imifanekiso yayo njengoko ihamba ngemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso lakho. Oku kungabonisa ngokucacileyo naziphi na iingxaki okanye ukuvaleka kwegazi.
• I-Color Fundus Photography luvavanyo oluthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yangaphakathi kweliso (i-fundus), equka i-retina.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) luvavanyo oluphambili kakhulu olubonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi kunye neengqimba ze-retina.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba kukho enye imeko, efana neGiant Cell Arteritis okanye iTemporal Arteritis, banokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-ultrasound , i-echocardiogram (ukuskena kwentliziyo), kunye novavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukujonga iimpawu zokuvuvukala egazini.

Ingaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku? Kwenziwa ntoni?

Injongo ephambili yokunyanga 'i-eye stroke' kukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-retina ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokubona. Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke ekubeni sele kudlule ixesha elingakanani ukususela oko kwavela iimpawu zokuqala kunye nohlobo lokuvaleka. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso okanye ukunyibilikisa amahlwili egazi.
• Unyango lwe-laser lokuvala imithambo yegazi evuzayo.
• Ukuhlikihla ijwabu kancinci ngeliso livaliwe. Oku kunokunceda ekushukumiseni igazi eliqhekekileyo kunye nokususa ukuvaleka.
• I-Paracentesis: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti encinci kakhulu ukususa ulwelo oluncinci ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso ngoko nangoko.
• Unyango lwe-Hyperbaric Oxygen: Kule meko, isigulana sifakwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo kwaye senzelwe ukuba siphefumle i-oksijini ecocekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kuzama ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-oksijini kwi-retina.

Kodwa khumbula, ukuze ufumane okuninzi kolu nyango, kufuneka uqale unyango kwangoko emva kokuba iimpawu zibonakala, kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu apha.

Ngaba kukho into esinokuyenza ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko?

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko 'wokuva ngestroke'. Ezi zinto zihlala zilungile kwimpilo yethu iyonke:

• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo. Ukutya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno engakumbi, kunye nokunciphisa ioyile, iswekile kunye netyuwa kulungile kakhulu.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kakuhle.
• Gcina uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol yegazi, kunye noxinzelelo lwamehlo kumanqanaba afanelekileyo. Sebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Ndwendwela ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo akho, ingakumbi ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwa kukutshaya kwimithambo yegazi.

Ukulandela ezi zinto akuyi kukunceda nje kuphela ekukhuseleni 'kwisifo sokuva', kodwa kuya kukunceda nasekukhuseleni kwezinye izifo ezininzi, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwale meko? Yintoni esifanele siyilindele?

Umonakalo obangelwe 'sistroke esingaphakathi endlebeni' unokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukuvaleka kwenzeke phi, ukuba igazi livalwe ixesha elingakanani, kwaye unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani .

Ukuba yi -branch (BRAO) okanye i-twig (Twig) retinal artery occlusion, ethintela umthambo omncinci, umonakalo unokuba mncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba yi-central (CRAO) , ethintela umthambo oyintloko, umonakalo unokuba mkhulu.

Nokuba emva konyango, abanye abantu basenokuba nombono obuthathaka. Ngamanye amaxesha umbono usenokungapholi ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto uthathwa njengento enzulu kangaka.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba 'i-hearing stroke' ithetha ukuba unesifo sohlangothi lobuchopho.Isenokuba luphawu lokuba usemngciphekweni wokuba nayo. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kuzo zombini ezi meko zifana kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo ukuba 'unesifo sokuva' kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela isifo sokuva.

Kunini apho ngokuqinisekileyo sifanele sifune ingcebiso kwezonyango?

Oku kucacile: Ukuba ufumana ukulahleka ngequbuliso, urhawuzelelo, okanye ukungaboni kakuhle kwelinye iliso, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. 'Ukubetha kwamehlo' phantse rhoqo kuchaphazela iliso elinye kuphela.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukubona kunokulahleka okwethutyana kuze kubuyiselwe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'mini-stroke esweni' . Nokuba ubona ukulahleka kokubona okwethutyana, musa ukukubetha ngoyaba. Yiphathe njengengxamiseko kwaye ubone ugqirha.

Ukulahlekelwa kukubona kwakho, nokuba kungokwexeshana okanye kungunaphakade, kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba kukho utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho kwiliso elinye. Njengokuba kunjalo xa unesifo sohlangothi engqondweni, unyango lwasekuqaleni yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana iziphumo ezingcono xa unesifo sohlangothi esweni.

Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya):

Kulungile, makhe siphinde sichaze amanqaku abalulekileyo esiwathethe namhlanje malunga 'ne-Eye Stroke / i-Retinal Artery Occlusion':

• Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Bonana nogqirha kwangoko nje ukuba uzive iimpawu.
• Uphawu oluphambili kukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso, ukufiphala, okanye ukulahleka kombono kwelinye iliso. Amaxesha amaninzi akubuhlungu.
• Izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nokutshaya ziyandisa umngcipheko.
• Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokunciphisa umonakalo wokubona.
• Umngcipheko wale meko ungancitshiswa ngokugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni nokulawula izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.

Amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu. Ngoko ke wanyamekele. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Ndikunqwenelela impilo entle wena nabantu obathandayo!

Isifo Sokubetheka Kwamehlo , Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Yee-Retina, Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Yegazi Esweni, Ukulahlekelwa Ngumbono, Izifo Zamehlo, I-Retina, Isifo Sokubetheka Kwamehlo, Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Yee-Retina