Khawucinge nje, umntu uphuma igazi elininzi kwingozi enkulu yendlela. Okanye ngexesha lotyando olukhulu, igazi elininzi lilahleka ngequbuliso. Ngamaxesha anjalo, ukuba inkqubo yendalo yokujiya kwegazi emzimbeni wethu ayisebenzi kakuhle, inokuba yingozi enkulu ebomini. Kukwimeko ezinzima kangaka apho sithetha ngonyango olusindisa ubomi olubizwa ngokuba yiFresh Frozen Plasma, okanye iFFP njengoko sonke sisazi. Mhlawumbi xa ugqirha wakho ekhankanya eli gama, usenokuziva usoyika kwaye unomdla. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nangobuhlobo malunga nokuba yintoni le FFP, inikwa bani, njani, kwaye zithini izibonelelo kunye neengozi zayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iFresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)?
Igazi lethu alikho nje into enye. Linamacandelo aliqela. Licinge njengesaladi yeziqhamo. Njengokuba kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeziqhamo kulo, igazi lethu likwanamacandelo aliqela aphambili.
- Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Ezi zezona zithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu.
- Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi zingumkhosi wethu olwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.
- Iiplatelets: Xa usikekile, zezona zinto zokuqala eziza kumisa ukopha nokugquma inxeba, njengeplasta encinci.
- Iplasma: Lo ngumlinganiswa oyintloko webali lethu. Iplasma yinxalenye yolwelo olumthubi egazini. Zonke iiseli ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zihambahamba ecaleni 'komlambo' obizwa ngokuba yiplasma.
Le plasma ayingomanzi nje kuphela. Iqulethe iiproteni ezininzi, iihomoni, kunye neetyuwa ezibalulekileyo ebomini bethu. Ezona zibalulekileyo kwezi ziiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba "zizinto ezivala igazi okanye ezivala igazi."
Cinga ngezi zinto zokujiya kwegazi njengeqela leenjineli ezincinci. Ukuba umthambo wegazi wenzakele okanye waqhekeka, ezi njineli, kunye neeplatelets ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, zenza ngokukhawuleza i-mesh ejikeleze loo ndawo, njenge-'dam', zimise ngokupheleleyo ukopha. Ukuba le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle, kwanenxeba elincinci linokubangela ukopha kakhulu.
I-FFP yinkqubo yokususa zonke ezinye iiseli kwigazi lomntu elinikelweyo, yahlula kuphela le plasma ixabisekileyo. Emva koko, ukuze kugcinwe ezo 'njineli' zixabisekileyo, oko kukuthi, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, igazi liyathathwa lize liqandiswe nzulu kubushushu obuyi--18 degrees Celsius okanye nangaphantsi kwiiyure ezisi-8. Kulapho igama elithi 'Fresh Frozen' livela khona.
Ngubani ngokwenene ofuna unyango lwe-FFP?
I-FFP ayilonyango olunikwa wonke umntu ophuma igazi. Lunyango oluxabisekileyo olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha kwiimeko ezithile ezimbalwa, xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zinganelanga. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezo meko.
| Xa kufuneka unyango | Ukuchaza ngokulula... |
|---|---|
| Ukopha kakhulu (Ukulahleka Kwegazi Okukhulu) | Ngamaxesha afana nengozi enkulu yemoto, ukuwa kwindawo ephakamileyo, okanye utyando oluntsonkothileyo, igazi elininzi lisuswa ngequbuliso emzimbeni. Ngeli xesha, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi nazo ziyancipha kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, i-FFP inikwa ukubuyisela ezo zinto zinciphileyo nokulawula ukopha. |
| Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi (Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezibangela ukugabha kwegazi) | Abanye abantu banezifo zokuzalwa. Umzekelo yi -hemophilia . Kwezi zifo, ezinye zezinto ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye aziveli emzimbeni. Kwakhona, le ngxaki iyenzeka kubantu abanesifo sesibindi. Kuba ezi zinto zijiye ziveliswa kakhulu sisibindi. Xa igazi linikwa abantu abanjalo, i-FFP isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngezo zinto zingenamsebenzi. |
| Kwabo bathatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi afana neWarfarin | I-Warfarin liyeza elithintela ukujiya kwegazi, elinikwa izifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo. Ukuba umntu othatha eli yeza wenza ingozi aze aqale ukopha, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuyeka. Nokuba i-vitamin K inikwe oku, kuthatha ixesha ukusebenza. Ke ngoko, njengesisombululo esikhawulezileyo, i-FFP inikwa ukubonelela ngezinto ezifunekayo zokujiya igazi ngokuthe ngqo. |
| Imeko engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba yi-TTP (I-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) | Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga nesiyingozi. Sibangela ukuba kubekho amahlwili egazi kwimithambo yegazi emincinci yomzimba. Ngokunika i-FFP, umzimba unokubuyisela i-enzyme engekhoyo kwaye ulawule esi sifo. |
Ngaba zikho ezinye iintlobo zeFFP?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeFFP, nganye inomahluko omncinci kwindlela eyenziwe ngayo kunye nexesha ekwenziwa ngayo. Usenokuba ukhe weva amagama anje nge-'PF24' okanye i-'Cryo-poor plasma'. Kodwa la magama awabalulekanga kangako kuwe. Ezi ziinkcukacha zobugcisa ezibalulekileyo koogqirha nakubasebenzi belebhu. Baza kukhetha uhlobo lweplasma olulungele imeko yakho. Ngoko ke akufuneki ukhathazeke ngaloo nto.
Inikwa njani unyango lwe-FFP? Ngaba lubuhlungu?
Unyango lwe-FFP ludla ngokwenziwa esibhedlele. Ayilotyando olukhulu. Yinkqubo elula, njengokunika isisombululo se-saline.
1. Ukulungiselela: Okokuqala, thatha ibhegi yeFFP kwisikhenkcezisi uyibeke kwindawo yokuhlambela ekhethekileyo yamanzi ashushu ide ifikelele kubushushu bomzimba. Oku akunakufakwa kwi-microwave, kuba ukwenza njalo kuya kutshabalalisa iiproteni ezixabisekileyo ezikuyo.
2. Ukufaka umgca we-IV: Okulandelayo, umongikazi okanye ugqirha uza kufaka i-cannula encinci emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Oku kufana nokufaka inaliti ukuze ikunike ityuwa. Ngaphandle kokuva ukurhawuzelelwa kancinci, akukho ntlungu ingako.
3. Ukunika iplasma: Ngoku ingxowa equlethe iplasma etyheli exutyiweyo iqhagamshelwe kumgca we-IV. Emva koko ifakwa kancinci emzimbeni wakho ngemithambo yakho. Ingxowa enye ye-FFP iqulethe malunga ne-200-250 milliliters. Kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 ukuba ingene emzimbeni wakho. Ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba zingaphi iingxowa aza kukunika zona kuxhomekeke kubunzima bemeko yakho.
4. Ukubeka esweni: Ngexesha lonyango, umongikazi uza kuhlala ecaleni kwakho aze ajonge uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho rhoqo, izinga lentliziyo yakho, kunye nobushushu bomzimba . Bayiqwalasela kakhulu nayiphi na i-allergy reactions. Ngoko awuwedwa, kwaye kukho umntu ohlala ekujongile.
5. Uvavanyo: Ngaphambi nasemva kokuba unikwe i-FFP, kuthathwa iisampuli zegazi kuwe kwaye uvavanyo olufana novavanyo lwe-"PT/INR" kunye novavanyo lwe-PTT lwenziwa ukujonga isantya sokujiya kwegazi. Oku kubavumela ukuba babone ukuba unyango luphumelele kangakanani.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ufumana naluphi na uvakalelo olungathandekiyo, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla ngeli xesha, xelela umongikazi okanye ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba i-FFP inokunikwa umntu walo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo siyazi ukuba xa kunikelwa ngegazi, iintlobo zegazi kufuneka zihambelane. Xa kunikelwa ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, siyazi ukuba uhlobo lwegazi O "ngumnikeli wendalo yonke" onokunika nabani na.
Kodwa xa kufikwa ekunikeleni ngeplasma, eli bali lahlukile ngokupheleleyo!
Kwi-plasma, i-plasma evela kumntu onohlobo lwegazi i-AB ngumxhasi oqhelekileyo , onokunikwa umntu onohlobo lwegazi.Kwakhona, umntu onegazi lohlobo lwe-O angafumana kuphela i-plasma yohlobo lwe-O.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki ngale nto. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ukuba uhlobo lwakho lwegazi alwaziwa, oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bebhanki yegazi baya kukhetha eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kubo bonke abantu yokukunika iplasma. Basoloko bezama ukukunika iplasma ehambelana nohlobo lwakho lwegazi.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zonyango lwe-FFP?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lwezonyango, unyango lwe-FFP luneengenelo kunye neengozi ezincinci kakhulu.
Inzuzo ephambili:
Eyona nzuzo inkulu nekuphela kwayo kukuba lunyango olusindisa ubomi. Kwimeko yokopha okungalawulekiyo, i-FFP inokubonelela ngezinto ezifunekayo zokujiya kwegazi, iyeke ukopha, kwaye isindise ubomi besigulana. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ngolu nyango.
Iingozi ezinokwenzeka (Iingxaki):
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi ngozi zinqabile kakhulu. Ekubeni iinkonzo zebhanki yegazi eSri Lanka zikumgangatho ophezulu, kuthathwa inyathelo ngalinye ukunciphisa ezi ngozi.
| Umngcipheko | Oko ikukuthi... |
|---|---|
| Ii-aleji (Iimpendulo ze-Allergic) | Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba unokusabela kwi-plasma efunyenwe ngaphandle. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezincinci ezifana nokukrweleka nokurhawuzelelwa. Ezi zihlala zilawulwa ngokukhawuleza ngamayeza. |
| Iintsholongwane (Iintsholongwane) | Lo mngcipheko ngoku uphantsi kakhulu. Kuba wonke umntu onikela ngegazi uvavanywa ngokupheleleyo izifo ezifana ne-HIV, i-Hepatitis B, kunye ne-C. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokoyika kakhulu lo mngcipheko. |
| I-TRALI (ukulimala kwemiphunga okubuhlungu) (Ukulimala Okubukhali Kwemiphunga Okunxulumene Nokutofelwa Igazi) | Oku kunqabile kakhulu kodwa kunzulu.Imeko. Xa ezinye zezinto ezikwiplasma zingasebenzi kakuhle emzimbeni wakho, imiphunga yakho izaliswa ngamanzi kwaye kuba nzima ukuphefumla. Oku kwenzeka kwiiyure ezi-6 emva kokufumana iplasma. |
| I-TACO (ukugqithisa kolwelo) (Umthwalo Ogqithisileyo Wokujikeleza Kwegazi Onxulumene Nokutofelwa Kwegazi) | Ingakumbi kumntu onesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sezintso, xa kufakwa ulwelo oluninzi emzimbeni ngaxeshanye, intliziyo isenokungakwazi ukumelana nalo. Oku kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye kubangele ubunzima bokuphefumla. Oogqirha bayayazi le nto kwaye balawula izinga lokunikezelwa kweplasma. |
Kufuneka uthethe nini nogqirha? Ngaba kufuneka uye kwi-ETU?
Uza kukhululwa esibhedlele kuphela emva kokuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubakho emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya.
Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu:
Ukuba uziva ngolu hlobo emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, fowunela isibhedlele esikunyange ngokukhawuleza, okanye uxelele ugqirha wakho.
- Ukuba uziva umkhuhlane kwaye ubanda
- Ukuba unesirhawu, irhashalala, okanye i-blister emzimbeni wakho
- Ukuba isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza kuphelile
- Ukuba uziva unesizungu okanye unentloko ebuhlungu
- Ukuba uneentlungu zomqolo
Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko!
Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zingxamiseko yezonyango . Zisenokuba ziimpawu zeemeko ezinzulu ezifana ne-TRALI okanye i-TACO ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Zingabonakala kwiiyure ezi-6 emva kokufumana i-plasma.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo
- Ifiva
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokulinda.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-FFP yinxalenye yolwelo egazini elinikelweyo etyebileyo kwiiproteni ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye.
- Oku kusetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula ukopha kakhulu kunye nokunyanga abantu abaneengxaki zokunqanda igazi.
- Olu lunyango oluxabisekileyo kakhulu olunokusindisa ubomi.
- Unyango lunikezelwa esibhedlele, phantsi kweliso likagqirha, ngendlela elula, njengokunika isisombululo setyuwa.
- Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingozi ezincinci, kodwa oogqirha baya kukunika olu nyango emva kokuqwalasela iingenelo kunye neengozi. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu azifumaneki.
- Ukuba ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, okanye umkhuhlane emva konyango, cinga ukuba yingxamiseko kwaye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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