Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye unexhala xa ugqirha ekuxelela okanye umntu omthandayo ukuba "wenze utyando lwentliziyo." Uninzi lwethu luyaxhalaba xa sisiva amagama athi "utyando" kunye "notyando." Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula kakhulu, njengokuba besiya kuthetha nomhlobo. Xa ugqiba ukufunda eli nqaku, uya kuba nokuqonda okungcono ngale nto.
Yintoni kanye kanye utyando lwentliziyo?
Ngamafutshane, utyando lwentliziyo lulo naluphi na utyando olwenziwa entliziyweni yakho okanye kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu edibana nayo. Oku kunzima kancinci. Yiyo loo nto kukho oogqirha bentliziyo abangoochwephesha kule nto.
Cinga ngako, injini yomzimba wethu yintliziyo. Xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kule njini, olu tyando luyinkonzo entle yokuyilungisa nokuyibuyisela isebenze kakuhle. Oku kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo yakho, indlela igazi elijikeleza ngayo emzimbeni, kwaye kukunike ubomi obutsha, ubomi obutsha. Abanye babiza olu tyando lwentliziyo.
Lufuneka nini utyando lwentliziyo?
Zininzi izizathu zokuba utyando lwentliziyo lunokuba yimfuneko. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zisenokuba ziingxaki esizalwa nazo (iSifo seNtliziyo esizalwa naso). Ngamanye amaxesha zisenokuba zibangelwa zizifo esizifumanayo kamva ebomini.
Ugqirha akadli ngokuthatha isigqibo sokuba udinga utyando ngoko nangoko. Esi sigqibo senziwa kuphela emva kokuba ugqirha wakho wentliziyo ekuxilongile, enze zonke iimvavanyo ezifunekayo, kwaye efumanise ukuba utyando lolona sisombululo silungileyo okanye kuphela kwingxaki yakho yentliziyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha oku kufuneka kwenziwe njengonyango olungxamisekileyo . Umzekelo, ukuba ngequbuliso uhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye ukuba ngequbuliso ufumanisa ukuba umthambo wakho wegazi uvalekile kakhulu, kunokufuneka utyando ngoko nangoko ukuze usindise ubomi bakho.
Ayizizo zonke izifo zentliziyo ezifuna utyando. Ngobuchwepheshe obuphambili bale mihla, kukho nonyango olungenalo utyando olubandakanya ukwenza umsikelo omncinci (umzekelo, iPercutaneous Coronary Intervention - PCI). Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba yintoni ekulungeleyo.
Iimeko eziphambili ezinyangwa ngotyando lwentliziyo
Makhe sijonge ezinye zeemeko ezinyangwa ngotyando lwentliziyo ngezantsi. Ungoyiki ukubona la magama, masiwaqonde ngokulula.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isifo seMitha yeCoronary (CAD) | Imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni (imithambo yegazi ye-coronary) ivalekile ziintsalela ze-cholesterol, njengothuli oluqokelelana ngaphakathi kumbhobho wamanzi, nto leyo enciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi. |
| Isifo seValve yeNtliziyo | Iindawo ezifana nomnyango (iivalvu) ezingaphakathi entliziyweni ezivumela igazi ukuba lihambe kwicala elinye kuphela azisebenzi kakuhle. Azivuli okanye zivalwe kakuhle. |
| Ukumelwa yintliziyo | Intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngamandla afanelekileyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba intliziyo ayisebenzi kakuhle, kodwa kuthetha ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle. |
| Ii-Aneurysms | Iindonga zentliziyo okanye imithambo yegazi emikhulu ziba buthathaka kwaye zidumbe njengebhaluni. Oku kunokuba yingozi, njengoko kunokugqabhuka. |
| I-Arrhythmias | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga. Oko kukuthi, intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, okanye ngaphandle kwesingqisho. |
| Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso | Iziphene zentliziyo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, umzekelo, umngxuma entliziyweni. |
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zotyando lwentliziyo?
Iintlobo zotyando ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo esinyangwayo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo zotyando ezenziwa rhoqo.
Utyando lwe-bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - CABG)
Olu lutyando "lokudlula" abantu abaninzi abaye beva ngalo. Xa umthambo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni uvaliwe, kwenziwa indlela entsha yokudlula ukuvaleka. Kufana nokuthatha indlela esecaleni ukuze udlule indlela exakekileyo. Umthambo ophilileyo ovela emlenzeni wakho okanye ngaphakathi esifubeni sakho usetyenziselwa ukwenza le ndlela intsha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lemithambo evalekileyo, oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"double" okanye "triple" bypass.
Ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kweevalvu zentliziyo (Utyando lweevalvu zentliziyo)
Ukuba ivalvu (efana nocango) entliziyweni ayisebenzi kakuhle, iyalungiswa okanye isuswe kwaye kufakwa ivalvu yokwenziwa. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba liphinde lihambe kakuhle.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Aneurysm
Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye ebuthathaka yomthambo wegazi ejike yaba njengebhaluni ize ifakelwe ityhubhu yokwenziwa (i-graft). Oku kuthintela umthambo ukuba ungadubuli.
Ukufakwa kwesixhobo sentliziyo
Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki zifakelwa entliziyweni ukunceda abantu abaneentliziyo ezibetha ngokungalungelelananga okanye abo banesifo sentliziyo.
- I-Pacemaker: Inceda abantu abaneentliziyo ezibetha ngokungalungelelananga ukuba bagcine isigqi sabo esiqhelekileyo.
- I-ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator): Ukuba isantya sentliziyo siba sibi kakhulu, siyasibona size sibangele ukubetheka okuncinci kombane ukuze sibuyisele kwisimo saso sesiqhelo.
- I-LVAD (Isixhobo Sokuncedisa Umoya Wasekhohlo): Ipompo encinci enceda intliziyo ipompe igazi kubantu abaneengxaki ezinkulu zentliziyo.
- Intliziyo Epheleleyo Yokwenziwa (TAH): Umatshini osetyenziswa okwethutyana kumntu onentliziyo engasebenziyo ngokupheleleyo de kubekho ukufakelwa intliziyo.
Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo
Le yindlela yokugqibela. Ukuba intliziyo yomntu ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye ayinakunyangwa naluphi na olunye unyango, intliziyo ephilileyo evela kumntu oswelekileyo iyafakelwa kwenye indawo. Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye alufane lwenziwe.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando? Ufanele uzilungiselele njani?
Wakuba ugqibe ekubeni wenze utyando, kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukululungiselela. Ngeli xesha, oogqirha bakho baya kukuxilonga ngononophelo.
- Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Baza kuthetha ngembali yakho yezonyango, imbali yezonyango yosapho, kunye novavanyo lwegazi ukujonga izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol egazini lakho.
- Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo: Kuyenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kujongwe ngokuchanekileyo imeko yentliziyo:
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram)
- Uvavanyo lwe-Echo (i-Echocardiogram)
- I-X-reyi yesifuba
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
- I-Angiogram yeCoronary
- I-cardiac CT okanye i-MRI scan
Emva kwako konke oku, ugqirha uza kukuxelela ngokucacileyo ukuba loluphi utyando ekufuneka ulwenze kunye nendlela yokululungiselela.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba,Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, amanye amayeza anokufuna ukuba uyeke ukuwasebenzisa ngaphambi kotyando. Ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela ngobusuku bangaphambi kotyando (ukuzila ukutya). Ukuba uyatshaya, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyeke. Ukulandela le miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu iingozi zotyando.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zotyando. Iqela lezonyango liza kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
1. Utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo: Le yindlela yendabuko. Kwenziwa utyando oluyi-intshi ezi-6-8 embindini wesifuba, kwaye i-sternum inqunyulwa kumacala omabini ukuze ifikelele entliziyweni. Ngeli xesha, uza kuqhagamshelwa kumatshini we-heart-lung bypass. Lo matshini wenza umsebenzi wentliziyo nemiphunga okwethutyana (upompa igazi kwaye unike ioksijini). Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba atyande intliziyo engashayiyo, engashukumiyo.
2. Utyando lwe-Off-pump Bypass: Olu tyando lufana notyando oluvulekileyo, kodwa intliziyo ayidibani nomatshini wentliziyo nemiphunga. Olu tyando lwenziwa ngelixa intliziyo ibetha. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kutyando lwe-bypass.
3. Utyando Olungena Ngomdla: Olu lukwabizwa ngokuba "lutyando lwe-keyhole." Endaweni yokusika okukhulu, utyando lwenziwa ngemingxunya embalwa emincinci esifubeni, kusetyenziswa ikhamera kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lwerobhothi lukwasetyenziswa koku. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba iphola ngokukhawuleza kwaye ishiya amanxeba amancinci.
Utyando lwe-bypass ludla ngokuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-3-6. Uza kuba ne-anesthesia (ube ndindisholo) kulo lonke inkqubo, ngoko awuyi kuva okanye ukukhumbula nantoni na.
Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kusiwa kwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU) . Kuya kufuneka uhlale kwi-ICU ubuncinane usuku olunye. Apho, oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi baza kuqhubeka bejonga imeko yakho. Emva koko, uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo.
Ixesha omele uhlale ngalo esibhedlele lixhomekeke kutyando olwenzileyo kunye nokuba ululame ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo emva kotyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo.
Kuqhelekile ukuziva izinto ezinje ngexesha lokuchacha:
- Kukho ukukrweleka, ukudumba, kunye nentlungu kwindawo yokusikwa.
- Isandi "sokucofa" esivela ngaphakathi esifubeni (esi siza kuphela emva kweveki okanye ezimbini).
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya, isicaphucaphu.
- Ukuqhinwa.
- Intlungu emagxeni nasemqolo ongasentla.
- Akalali.
- Ukuziva ulusizi, utshintsho lweemvakalelo.
Nangona ezi zinto ziqhelekile, ukuba intlungu ayinyamezeleki okanye unezinye iingxaki, ungoyiki ukuxelela iqela lezonyango.
Zithini iingozi zotyando lwentliziyo?
Njengalo naluphi na utyando, utyando lwentliziyo luneengozi ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, ngobuchwepheshe banamhlanje, olu tyando luphumelela kakhulu. Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho zezi:
- Ukunganyamezelani ne-anesthesia.
- Ukopha kakhulu.
- Usulelo kwindawo yokusikwa okanye ngaphakathi esifubeni.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (iiArrhythmias).
- Istroke.
- Iziphumo kwizintso.
Ukuba unezinye izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (COPD), isifo sezintso, ukuba utshaya , okanye utyebile kakhulu , umngcipheko wakho unokuba phezulu kancinci. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukulawula zonke ezi zinto ngaphambi kotyando.
Ufanele uthethe nini nogqirha?
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zomngcipheko ezibonakala ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho.
Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Intlungu yesifuba eqatha engapheziyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ifiva .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla .
- Ukuba indawo yokusikwa ibomvu, idumbile, kwaye ikhupha ulwelo olufana nobovu (iimpawu zosulelo).
- Ukucaphuka nokuhlanza okungapheliyo.
- Iimpawu zestroke, ezinje ngobunzima bokuthetha nokugoba kwelinye icala lobuso.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba oku kuyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuphiliswa okanye yingxaki enkulu. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukufowunela ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwentliziyo asinto yokoyika, lunyango oluya kukunika ubomi obutsha.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ngaphambi kotyando, ingakumbi leyo iphathelele ukuyeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa amayeza.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumla umzimba wakho ngexesha lokuchacha emva kotyando. Kuphephe ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kunye nemisebenzi enzima.
- Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ungakhululekanga kwaye unentlungu ngexesha lokuphiliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (intlungu eqatha, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumla), yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga) emva kotyando lwentliziyo kuya kukunceda uhlale usempilweni ixesha elide.
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