Sonke sivile ngomakhulu okanye utatomkhulu osele ekhulile owatyibilika wawa kwigumbi lokuhlambela waza “waphuka isinqe.” Ngamanye amaxesha sihlekisa nabahlobo bethu sithi “akufuneki uphuke isinqe sakho kuba nje umdala.” Kodwa eneneni, ukwaphuka isinqe asinto yokuthatyathwa lula. Le yingozi imbi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha itshintsha ubomi. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masiqaphele oku.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukuphuka kwesinqe?
Kulapho inxalenye ephezulu yethambo lakho lethanga (esiyibiza ngokuba yiFemur ngokwezonyango), ekufutshane nelungu lesinqe, iphuka khona. Uyazi, ithambo lesinqe lelona thambo lide nelinamandla emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke ukuze liphuke, kufuneka libe nefuthe elikhulu, njengokuwa kakhulu okanye ingozi yemoto. Xa uphuke ithambo lesinqe, phantse kufuneka utyando ukuze lilungiswe.
Ilungu lethu lesinqe lifana nelungu elinomgca we-ball-and-socket. Ingaphezulu lethambo lethanga elifana nebhola lingena kwi-socket ekwi-pelvis yethu. Nakuphi na ukwaphuka kwesi sithuba kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukuqhekeka kwesinqe.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezisekelwe kwindawo apho ikhefu likhona?
Ewe, oogqirha bahlula oku ngokwendawo apho i-femur iphuka khona.
- Ukuqhekeka kwentloko yebhinqa: Oku kukwaphuka kwenxalenye yethambo lethanga efana nebhola. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu.
- Ukuqhekeka kwentamo ye-femoral: Ukuqhekeka kwenxalenye efana nebhulorho (intamo) ye-femur edibanisa intloko efana nebhola kunye nethambo elide. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokuqhekeka kwe-hip.
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-Intertrochanteric: Ukuqhekeka kwendawo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezibonakala ngamathambo ezijikeleze intamo yethambo, apho izihlunu kunye nemisipha zinamathela khona.
Zithini iimpawu zesinqe esaphukileyo?
Xa kuvela ukwaphuka kwesinqe, kudla ngokubonakala enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intlungu ebuhlungu | Intlungu enganyamezelekiyo, eqatha kwindawo yesinqe. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuhamba | Ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ukugoba, okanye ukuthwala ubunzima esinqeni okanye emlenzeni kwaphela. |
| Ukudumba kunye nokukrweleka | Ukudumba kwendawo eyonzakeleyo kunye nokutshintsha kombala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/omfusa. |
| Ukukhubazeka | Ingquza ibonakala ingaqhelekanga xa ithelekiswa nelinye icala, umlenze ujike okanye umfutshane. |
| Ukuziva/ukubona iqhina | Ukuziva okanye ukubona into efana neqhuma kwindawo ephuke kuyo. |
Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zale ngozi?
Ngokwesiqhelo, ithambo eliqinileyo elinje lifuna ukubethelwa ngamandla ukuze liphuke.
- Ukuwa: ingakumbi ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo (ileri, uphahla).
- Iingozi zeemoto: Oku kunokwenzeka rhoqo kwiingozi zeemoto ezinzulu.
- Iingozi zemidlalo: Iingozi ezenzeka ngexesha lemidlalo edibeneyo.
Kodwa khumbula, kumntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 okanye umntu onesifo esenza amathambo abe buthathaka (umz. i-osteoporosis), umngcipheko wokuphuka isinqe uphezulu kakhulu, nokuba kukwimeko yokutyibilika nokuwa ekhaya.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona nabani na enokwaphuka isinqe xa kwenzeka ingozi, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo emfutshane |
|---|---|
| Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala | Oku kungenxa yokuba amathambo abuthathaka ngokwendalo kwaye ulungelelwano luyancipha njengoko sikhula. |
| Izifo ezibuthathaka ngamathambo | Iimeko ezifana ne-osteoporosis okanye i-osteopenia. |
| Ukuba ngumfazi | Kukho utyekelo olukhulu lokuba amathambo abe mancinci ngenxa yotshintsho lweehomoni, ingakumbi emva kokuya exesheni. |
| Izifo ezichaphazela ibhalansi | Izifo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, isiyezi esiqhelekileyo (iVertigo) okanye isifo sokuwa. |
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Emva kokuba usiwe esibhedlele, ugqirha uza kukuxilonga rhoqo kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU). Baza kuxilonga isinqe sakho nomlenze, bejonga iintlungu, ukudumba, kunye notshintsho kwimbonakalo. Baza kwenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukwaphuka kunye nokufumanisa uhlobo lwako oluchanekileyo.
- I-X-reyi yesinqe
- Iskeni ye-MRI
- Iskeni ye-CT
Inyangwa njani? Ngaba utyando luyimfuneko?
Ewe, phantse wonke umntu ophuke isinqe uya kufuna utyando. Uhlobo lotyando olufunekayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokwaphuka kwesinqe, ubudala bakho, nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando.
1. Ukutshintshwa kweSinqe/iHip Arthroplasty: Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala. Kusenokufuneka kutshintshwe lonke ilungu (ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo) okanye inxalenye yalo kuphela (ukutshintshwa okungaphelelanga).
2. Ukunciphisa Okuvulekileyo Nokulungiswa Kwangaphakathi (ORIF): Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka izikrufu, iiphini, iipleyiti, okanye intonga yesinyithi ukuze abambe amathambo aphukileyo ade aphole. Abanye abantu banamathambo anjalo ubomi babo bonke. Abanye kufuneka basuswe emva kokuba ithambo lipholile.
Ngaba iingxaki zinokwenzeka emva kotyando?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho umngcipheko weengxaki.
- I-Avascular Necrosis: Inxalenye yethambo iyafa xa igazi eliya ethanjeni linqanyulwa.
- Umanyano:Iziqwenga zamathambo eziphukileyo ezingadibani kakuhle.
- I-Malunion: Ukungalingani kakuhle kwamathambo.
- Usulelo lwamathambo (i-Osteomyelitis): Ukuba ithambo eliphukileyo lingena eluswini (ukuqhekeka okuvulekileyo), umngcipheko wosulelo lwebhaktheriya uphezulu.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Inyonga ephukileyo ithatha ubuncinane iinyanga ezininzi ukuze iphole ngokupheleleyo. Ingathatha ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka ukuze uzive ungcono kancinci kancinci. Ixesha elithathayo ukuze uphole lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- Uhlobo lotyando olwenziweyo
- Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke
- Ingaba bekukho abanye abantu abenzakeleyo kule ngozi?
Kuya kufuneka uqalise unyango lomzimba (PT) emva nje kotyando. Kuya kufuneka wenze i-PT kangangeenyanga eziliqela. Iya kukunceda uqinise izihlunu ezijikeleze isinqe sakho kwaye ikuncede uhambe kwaye ushukume kwakhona. Kusenokufuneka usebenzise isixhobo sokuhamba, iintonga, okanye intonga ekuqaleni.
Kutheni ukwaphuka kwesinqe kuyingozi kangaka?
Le yingxamiseko yezonyango kuba, ukongeza ekuphukeni kwethambo, inokonakalisa amalungu abalulekileyo alijikelezileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kwingozi enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba yaphule i-femur, umthambo we-femoral ohamba kufutshane unokonakala. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ukopha kakhulu kunokuba yingozi ebomini. Kukwakho nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
Oku kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi ukuba ingozi yenzeke kumntu omdala. Njengoko bekhula, umzimba uphola kancinci. Utyando kunye nexesha lokuchacha elilandelayo linokuba nzima kakhulu kubo. Ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba abantu abadala abaphuke isinqe abanakukwazi ukuhamba okanye ukuyeka imisebenzi yoluntu nokuba sele bephilile. Olu lodwa lunokuchaphazela impilo yabo iyonke.
Ngaba ingozi efana nale ingathintelwa?
Nangona singenakukwazi ukulawula iingozi, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Yenza indawo ekhayeni lakho ikhuseleke: Susa izinto ezityibilikayo, iingcingo ezidityanisiweyo, nezinye izinto phantsi. Beka umati ongatyibilikiyo kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukukhanya okufanelekileyo.
- Nyamekela impilo yamathambo akho: Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D. Thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze umthambo ofanelekileyo.
- Fumana uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo: Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye unembali yentsapho ene-osteoporosis, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokukhusela:Nxiba ibhanti yakho xa uqhuba. Ukuba udlala imidlalo, nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo.
- Lumka xa ufikelela kwizinto eziphakamileyo: Musa ukukhwela ezitulweni okanye etafileni ukuze ufikelele kwizinto. Sebenzisa ileli efanelekileyo okanye into enjalo.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba isinqe sakho siphukile, kusoloko kuyinto engxamisekileyo. Fowunela i-ambulensi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba umntu uwile kwaye uneempawu ezilandelayo, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
| Iimeko apho kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko | |
|---|---|
| 1. | Ukuba isinqe okanye umlenze awukwazi ukushukunyiswa konke konke. |
| 2. | Ukuba kukho intlungu enganyamezelekiyo, egqithisileyo. |
| 3. | Ukuba isinqe okanye umlenze woluliwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye utshintshe imilo. |
| 4. | Ukuba ithambo eliphukileyo libonakala ngesikhumba. |
| 5. | Ukuba indawo echaphazelekayo idumbile kakhulu kwaye inemikrwelo. |
Ingaba kulungile ukushukumisa okanye ukuphakamisa umntu ophuke isinqe?
Ayilunganga konke konke. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu uphuke isinqe, fowunela i-ambulensi ngokukhawuleza. De kufike oogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo baze bamthuthe bamse esibhedlele, onokukwenza kukuzama ukumgcina engashukumi. Musa ukubeka ubunzima emlenzeni, zama ukuma okanye ukuhamba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuphuka kwesinqe yimeko yezempilo enzulu kakhulu nengxamisekileyo. Akufanele kuthathwe lula.
- Nangona oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala, kunokwenzeka kwingozi enkulu nakubani na wanoma yiphi na iminyaka.
- Utyando ludla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuze kunyangwe.
- Ixesha lokuchacha linokuba lide, kwaye umonde kunye nonyango lomzimba kubalulekile.
- Ingakumbi kumakhaya anabazali abalupheleyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo ukuze bangatyibiliki baze bawe.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ithanga liphukile, ungazami ukushukumisa isigulana ngokwakho, kodwa fowunela i-ambulensi ngoko nangoko.
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