Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela okanye umntu omaziyo ukuba unomhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia, bathetha ngendlela nganye yokunyanga, akunjalo? Usenokuba ukhe weva igama elithi 'leukapheresis'. Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa kwaye liyinkimbinkimbi, aliloyikisi kangako. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni iLeukapheresis, kutheni yenziwa, kwaye isebenza njani ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-leukapheresis?
Cinga nje xa senza ubisi lwekhokhonathi, sicinezela ikhokhonathi size sahlule ubisi kunye ne-pulp. I-Leukapheresis yinto efana naleyo. Oku kuquka ukuthatha igazi emzimbeni wakho, ulithumele ngomatshini okhethekileyo, owahlula iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi . Emva koko lonke igazi, eliziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-plasma, kunye neeplatelets, libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-leukapheresis ayilonyango lomhlaza wegazi okanye ezinye izifo zegazi. Isetyenziswa kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango (ezifana ne-chemotherapy) ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuxhasa ezinye iindlela zonyango.
Kutheni olu nyango luyimfuneko?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba oogqirha bancome olu nyango. Makhe sijonge ezona zizathu ziphambili.
- Xa inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini liphezulu kakhulu: Kwezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia (umzekelo, `(Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML)`, `(Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia - ALL)`, `(Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - CLL)`) iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ziyanda ngokungalawulekiyo. Ezi seli zinokuhlala kwimithambo yegazi kwaye zithintele ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokonakala kwamalungu omzimba afana nentliziyo nengqondo. Ngoko ke olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukususa ngokukhawuleza ezo seli ezongezelelweyo kwaye lunike isiqabu kwisigulana.
- Qokelela ii-stem cells: Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (umzekelo, i-lymphoma, i-multiple myeloma), i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu yonakalisa umongo wethambo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi konyango, ii-stem cells eziphilileyo ziyaqokelelwa egazini zize zigcinwe, kwaye emva konyango, zibuyiselwa emzimbeni. Emva koko, ii-stem cells ezintsha eziphilileyo zinokwenziwa. Ezi stem cells ziqokelelwa ngendlela ye-leukapheresis.
- Ukunikela ngee-stem cells komnye umntu: Ukuba ungumnikeli ofanelekileyo wokufakelwa umongo wethambo komnye umguli, le ndlela ikwasetyenziselwa ukufumana ii-stem cells kuwe.
- Ukufumana iiseli zonyango olukhethekileyo:Unyango olutsha lomhlaza, olufana nonyango lweeseli ze-CAR T, lubandakanya ukuthatha iiseli zomzimba zesigulana, "uziqeqeshe" kwilebhu ukulwa nomhlaza, uze uzibuyisele emzimbeni. Ezi seli zisuswa emzimbeni ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-leukapheresis.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi konyango?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale olu nyango, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Lujonga inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye namanqanaba eeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelet.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Electrolyte: Jonga amanqanaba eetyuwa emzimbeni, njenge-calcium kunye ne-potassium.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso kunye nesibindi.
- Uvavanyo lokujiya kwegazi.
Ekubeni olu nyango luza kuthatha iiyure ezininzi, nceda unxibe impahla ekhululekileyo . Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuba uze nencwadi yokufunda okanye into oza kuyibukela kwifowuni yakho ngexesha lonyango.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango?
Uza kubekwa ebhedini ekhululekileyo, kwaye umongikazi okanye ugqirha uza kufaka ii-cannula ezimbini (iimigca ze-IV) ezingalweni zakho, njenge-saline, emithanjeni yakho. Enye iza kukhupha igazi lakho emzimbeni wakho kancinci kancinci iye kumatshini, kwaye enye iza kubuyisela igazi elicociweyo emzimbeni wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, umbhobho omnye omkhulu (umgca ophakathi) uza kufakwa kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni yakho okanye phantsi kwengalo yakho. Oku kuneendlela zombini zokuthatha igazi kunye nokulibuyisela.
Le nkqubo yonke idla ngokuthatha iiyure ezimbini okanye ezintathu .
Ngexesha lonyango, ungaziva urhawuzelelwa zizandla, iinyawo, kunye nemilebe yakho. Ungakhathazeki. Oku kungenxa yokuba amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho aphantsi kancinci. Ukuba uziva ngolu hlobo, xelela umongikazi apho, kwaye baya kongeza i-calcium kwisisombululo se-saline abakunika sona. Emva koko loo mvakalelo iya kuphela.
Yintoni onokuyilindela emva konyango?
Emva konyango lwakho, abasebenzi bezonyango baza kukujonga okwethutyana. Baza kujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo yakho. Basenokuthatha nesinye isampuli yegazi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zovavanyo, ukuba amanqanaba eeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi okanye iiplatelet aphantsi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba utofelwe igazi .
Ngaba kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga koku? Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabe?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu azixhaphakanga . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha okanye umongikazi abe ekujonga kulo lonke unyango. Ngoko ke ukuba kukho ingxaki, baya kungenelela ngoko nangoko.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.
| Imiphumela | Ithetha ntoni le nto? | Benza ntoni oogqirha? |
|---|---|---|
| I-Hypocalcemia | Amanqanaba e-calcium egazini aphantsi. Oku kunokubangela ukurhawuzelela emilebeni, ezandleni nasezinyaweni. | Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu. Xa uxelela umongikazi, baya kongeza i-calcium kwityuwa oyinikwayo. |
| I-anemia | Inani elincinci leeseli ezibomvu zegazi linokususwa ngeli xesha lenkqubo, nto leyo enokubangela ukwehla kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi. | Ugqirha unokujonga iirekhodi zakho zegazi aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, amtofele igazi. |
| I-Thrombocytopenia | Ukwehla kwamanqanaba eeplatelet, okunceda ukujiya kwegazi. Oku kwenza ukuba ukopha kube lula. | Iqela lezonyango nalo liyayijonga le nto. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, utofelo-gazi lweeplatelet lunokunikwa. |
Emva kokubuyela ekhaya naxa kufuneka uthethe nogqirha
Kungcono ukuphumla usuku olunye okanye ngaphezulu emva konyango. Ukuba ufumana olu nyango, usenokuba sele ufumana unyango lomhlaza okanye isifo esinxulumene negazi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ukuba unomkhuhlane (ongaphezulu kwama-38 Celsius okanye ama-100.4 Fahrenheit), oku kungaba luphawu losulelo.
- Ukuba ufake umgca ophakathi, indawo leyo iba bomvu, idumbe, ibe buhlungu, okanye kuphume ulwelo olufana nobovu .
- Iimpawu zakho ziya ziba mandundu kunesiqhelo.Ukuba uziva ngathi.
Musa ukuzityeshela izinto ezinje. Okukhona ukhawuleza ukuxela, kokukhona kulula ukulawula naziphi na iingxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Leukapheresis yindlela yokunyanga apho igazi elithile lisuswa emzimbeni, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zahlulwe kusetyenziswa umatshini okhethekileyo, kwaye igazi eliseleyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni.
- Oku kwenzelwa ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi eziphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga kwizifo ezifana ne-leukemia kunye nokuqokelela iiseli ezisisiseko zokufakelwa umongo wethambo.
- Nangona oku kungekuko ukunyanga esi sifo, lunyango olubalulekileyo oluxhasayo lokulawula iimpawu nokwenza ezinye iindlela zonyango zisebenze ngakumbi.
- Ukuba ndindisholo ngexesha lonyango kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Abasebenzi bezonyango apho bayakhawuleza ukunyanga ezi ngxaki. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu azifumaneki rhoqo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo malunga nolu nyango, ungaze woyike ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngalo.
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