Masifunde ngakumbi nge-liver flukes. Oku kubalulekile nakuwe!

Ngaba wakha weva ngee-liver flues? Usenokuba ucinga, 'Owu, andinakuzifumana.' Kodwa ezinye izinto esizenzayo singaziqondi ukuba zinokubangela ezi meko. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ziintoni ii-liver flues, indlela ezingena ngayo emzimbeni, kunye nendlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo.

Yintoni iLiver Fluke?

Ngamafutshane, ii-liver fluke ziimpethu ezidla iintsholongwane . Zihlala emizimbeni yethu kwaye zifunxa izondlo zethu. Kufana nokuba ziza nje ekhayeni lakho zingamenywanga kwaye zitya konke ukutya neziselo endlwini. Ii-liver fluke zingonakalisa isibindi sakho, inyongo, kunye nemibhobho yenyongo . Iindlela eziphambili ezingena ngazo emzimbeni wakho kukutya intlanzi eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle, izityalo zasemanzini (ingakumbi i-watercress), okanye ukusela amanzi angcolileyo. Zinokuchaphazela izilwanyana zasefama ezifana neenkomo neebhokhwe, kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ezifana nezinja neekati.

Nangona ezi ntshulube zingabulali ngokuthe ngqo, zingaphila emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide . Usulelo olungapheliyo olufana nolu lunokubangela ukudumba kwesibindi kwaye lonakalise amalungu omzimba. Kwezinye iimeko, le meko inokukhokelela kwizifo eziyingozi ezifana nomhlaza.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempethu zesibindi?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-liver flukes ezichaphazela abantu. Sithetha kakhulu ngeentlobo ezintathu:

• I-Clonorchis sinensis: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo losulelo lwe-liver fluke. Usulelo olubangelwa lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba yi-clonorchiasis .
• I-Opisthorchis: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zesi sidalwa esichaphazela abantu. Zi-O. viverrini (i-Southeast Asian liver fluke) kunye ne-O. felineus (i-feline liver fluke). I-O. viverrini lolona hlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo olubangela usulelo lwe-liver fluke. Usulelo olubangelwa zezi ntlobo lubizwa ngokuba yi -opisthorchiasis .
• I-Fasciola: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto, i-F. hepatica kunye ne-F. gigantica, ezinokosulela abantu. Ezi zifo zibizwa ngokuba yi-fascioliasis . Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwe-Fasciola luxhaphake kakhulu kwizilwanyana zasefama kunakubantu.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwezimpethu zesibindi?

Ngoku mhlawumbi ucinga, 'Kulungile, ndingazi njani ukuba ndinayo le nto?' Kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezixhaphakileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zosulelo lwe-liver fluke. Nazi:

• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza
• Intlungu okanye ukuthamba kwesisu
• Urhudo
• Ukuqhinwa
• Ifiva
• Ukuziva ubanda (Ukugodola)
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Iintlungu zemisipha
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
• Amalungu abuhlungu

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo iimpawu konke konke, okanye basenokungazinaki kakhulu iimpawu ukuba banazo.

Ezi zinambuzane zesibindi zingena njani emzimbeni?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba ezi zinambuzane zingena njani emizimbeni yethu. Izibungu ze-Opisthorchis kunye ne-C. sinensis worms zihlala ngendlela ye-cysts egcwele ulwelo emizimbeni yeentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo. Izibungu ze-Fasciola worms zinokufumaneka zidada emanzini okanye zifakwe kwizityalo zasemanzini ezifana nee-water lilies.

Ngoko ke, ufumana olu sulelo lwezi zinambuzane ukuba utya into enazo ezi ntsholongwane. Xa ezi ntsholongwane zingena kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya , ziyavuleka zize ziphume. Emva koko ezi zinambuzane ziya esibindini sakho, kwinyongo nakwimibhobho yenyongo, apho zikhula zibe ziintshulube ezinkulu.

Ngoko ke, oku kusasazeka njani kanye kanye?

Ungafumana usulelo lwe-liver fluke kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Kukwakho nomngcipheko wokutya intlanzi eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle. Kukwakho nomngcipheko wokutya intlanzi enetyuwa encinci, etshayiweyo, okanye efakwe ii-pickled.
• Ukutya i-watercress eluhlaza okanye ezinye izityalo zasemanzini (ezi zinokuba neempungutye zemibungu).
• Ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo nangcolileyo okanye ngokuginya amanzi anjalo ngempazamo.
• Ukutya imifuno ehlanjwe ngamanzi angcolileyo, okanye imifuno ekhuliswe kuloo manzi.

Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela?

Hayi, usulelo lwe-liver fluke alusuleli . Oku kuthetha ukuba alusuleli.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho i-liver flues zixhaphakileyo khona, okanye ukhe waya kwenye, kwaye ukuba usebenza nezilwanyana ezifana neenkomo neebhokhwe, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana olu sulelo.

Ziphi ezi ntshulube zesibindi ezixhaphake kakhulu?

Iintsholongwane zesibindi zifuna iimeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo ukuze ziphile kwaye zizale. Ngenxa yoko, nangona zifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela, zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile kunakwilizwe ngalinye. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zesibindi zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Umzekelo, uhlobo lwe-'F. hepatica' lunokufumaneka phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. I-'C. sinensis' ixhaphake kumazwe afana neTshayina, uMzantsi Korea, kunye neVietnam. I-'O. viverrini' ifumaneka kumazwe aseAsia afana neThailand neLaos.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?

Ukuba usulelo lwe-liver fluke alunyangwanga ngokufanelekileyo, iimeko ezifana nezi:

• Ukungondleki kakuhle
• Isibindi esikhulu (i-hepatomegaly)
• Ukuvaleka kwesibindi okanye 'i-fibrosis'
• Ukudumba kwenyongo okanye 'i-cholecystitis'
• Ukudumba kwe-bile duct okanye `cholangitis`
• Umhlaza we-bile duct (i-cholangiocarcinoma)

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ezi ntsholongwane zesibindi zinokuhamba ziye nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Umzekelo:

• I-Pancreas
• Imiphunga
• Ulusu
• Indlela yomchamo
• Amehlo
• Ingqondo

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?

Ukuze aqiniseke ukuba unentsholongwane yesibindi, ugqirha uza kuthatha isampuli yendle aze akhangele iintsholongwane kuyo. Bangathatha iisampulu ngaphezu kwesinye, kwiintsuku ezininzi. Ukongeza, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lujonga ii-antibodies ezichasene neeparasite (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-serology), ukusebenza kwesibindi, kunye nokwanda kohlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi-eosinophils egazini. Ukwanda kwee-eosinophils kunokuba luphawu losulelo lweparasite.
• Ukufota: Ngokwenza i-ultrasound, i-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan), okanye i-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging), ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukubona iimpawu zosulelo lwe-liver fluke (ezifana ne-cysts).
• Uvavanyo lwesibindi: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu esibindini size silihlolisise ukuze sibone iimpawu zeentsholongwane.

Ndingazisusa njani ezi zinambuzane zesibindi? (Unyango)

Oogqirha banyanga izifo zesibindi ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane . Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Triclabendazole (enikwayo kwizifo zeFasciola)
• IPraziquantel (Le inikwa usulelo lwe-Opisthorchis kunye neClonorchis)
• I-Albendazole (ikwanikwa kwizifo ze-Opisthorchis kunye neClonorchis)

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unosulelo lwe-liverworm?

Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane athathwa ixesha elifutshane (malunga nosuku olunye ukuya kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe) anokunyanga iintsholongwane zesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba azinyangwa, ezi ntsholongwane zesibindi zingahlala emzimbeni wakho iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwengamashumi amabini anesihlanu.Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanosulelo olunjalo ixesha elide banokuba neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu, ezinje ngokonakala kwesibindi, inyongo, kunye nemibhobho yenyongo.

Ungazithintela njani ezi zifo zesibindi?

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana usulelo lwe-liver fluke:

• Musa ukutya i-watercress nezinye izityalo zasemanzini ziluhlaza.
• Musa ukutya iintlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo okanye ezingaphekwanga kakuhle. Oku kuquka iintlanzi ezitshayiweyo, ezifakwe i-pickle, okanye ezifakwe ityuwa encinci. Xa upheka iintlanzi, zipheke kubushushu obucetyiswa yi-FDA (Food and Drug Administration).
• Hlamba imifuno kakuhle, uyixobule, okanye uyipheke kakuhle phambi kokuba uyitye.
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo engenazo iindlela zokucoca okanye apho ucinga ukuba amanzi angcolisiwe, sebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni xa useza kwaye upheka.
• Kuphephe ukufaka amanzi angcolisiweyo emlonyeni okanye empumlweni yakho, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nemigxobhozo, amachibi, okanye amadlelo agcwele amanzi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo lwesibindi, ingakumbi ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho ezi ntshulube zixhaphakileyo khona okanye ukhe waya kuzo , qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba utye okanye usele into engcolileyo, nokuba ibiyiminyaka eyadlulayo , xelela ugqirha wakho .

Ndingaya nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza?

Ukuba unezi mpawu ziqatha, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit (40 Celsius).
• Kulungile ukuba uhlanza kakhulu, okanye ukuba unesifo sorhudo.
• Ukuba kukho ukudideka okanye ukudideka.
• Ukuba ulusu okanye amehlo akho ajika abe tyheli (i-jaundice).
• Ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (umz., ukoma kakhulu, ukuchama kancinci, ubuthathaka, ukubetha kwentliziyo okuphezulu).

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, ungafumanisa kuluncedo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ndingalithatha njani eli yeza?"
• "Kuza kundithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiphile?"
• "Ndinexesha elingakanani ndinayo le ntsholongwane?"
• "Ngaba ndikhe ndafumana umonakalo wexesha elide?"
• "Injani imbono yam kule meko?"

Ingaba ezi ntsholongwane zesibindi zixhaphakile ebantwini? Kutheni zibizwa ngokuba yi "liver fluke"?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nezigidi ezingama-50 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela bosulelwe luhlobo oluthile lwesifo sesibindi. Ezi zifo zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zamazwe afana neTshayina, iThailand, neRashiya.

Kutheni oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Liver Fluke"? "Fluke" ithetha ukuthiIgama eliqhelekileyo elinikwa uhlobo lwe-flatworm (`trematodes okanye i-parasitic flatworm`). Abanye abantu banokubhidanisa oku nohlobo lwe-flatfish, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`fluke`. Ezi zinambuzane zibizwa ngokuba yi-`liver flukes` kuba zichaphazela isibindi.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifanele sizithathele ekhaya kweli bali?

Nangona singasoloko sive ngezifo zesibindi eSri Lanka, kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, izigidi zabantu zinokuba nazo, mhlawumbi zingazi nokuba zinjalo. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho ezi ntshulube zixhaphake khona, okanye ukuba ukhe waya kwenye, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele iimpawu zolu sulelo. Ukuba uneempawu, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe watya okanye wasela into engcolileyo, ungalibali ukuxelela ugqirha wakho . Kuba, ukuba oku kuqhubeka ixesha elide, kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezinzulu, kodwa kudla ngokubakho unyango olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo. Ke ngoko, ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iimpawu, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

I- Liver fluke, Usulelo lwezirhubuluzi, Isifo sesibindi, Ukutya iintlanzi ezingaphekwanga, Izityalo zasemanzini, Impilo