Igama elithi 'cholesterol' liqhelekile kubantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu ngoku, akunjalo? Sihlala sisiva izinto ezinje 'Ndine-cholesterol ephezulu', 'Musa ukutya ukutya okunamafutha okanye uza kuba ne-cholesterol'. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye le cholesterol? Kutheni iyingozi? Abantu abaninzi abazi ngayo. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba imizimba yethu ayibonisi zimpawu nangona i-cholesterol yethu iphezulu. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqaphele ngokupheleleyo olu tshaba luthuleyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-cholesterol?
Ngamafutshane, i-cholesterol luhlobo lwamafutha afumaneka egazini lethu. Iyimfuneko ekwakheni iiseli, ukukhusela imithambo-luvo, nokuvelisa iihomoni. Kodwa ingxaki iqala xa sinayo kakhulu.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-cholesterol:
1. I-cholesterol ye-LDL (i-low-density lipoprotein): Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi -cholesterol "embi" . Njengothuli olunamathelayo kumbhobho wamanzi, le cholesterol ye-LDL iqokelelana eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yethu, inciphe kwaye iyivale.
2. I-cholesterol ye-HDL (i-high-density lipoprotein): Le siyibiza ngokuba yi- cholesterol "elungileyo" . Isebenza ngokususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL embi kwimithambo yegazi nokuyicoca. Ifana nesicoci.
Ukongeza kwezi zimbini, kukho olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lethu olubizwa ngokuba yi-triglycerides . Njenge-LDL, xa ezi ziphezulu, zonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, isibindi sethu sivelisa i-cholesterol esiyidingayo. Kodwa sikwafumana i-cholesterol eyongezelelweyo ekutyeni esikutyayo, ingakumbi ukutya okucutshungulweyo (umz., ii-donuts, i-pizza eqandisiweyo, iibhisikithi, ii-patties, ii-rolls) kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana (ubisi, amaqanda, inyama). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le cholesterol eyongezelelweyo inokuqalisa ukonakalisa imizimba yethu ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-cholesterol ephezulu?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Nokuba i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu, usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu. Usenokuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Ngoko ke, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokwazi ukuba ingakanani inqanaba le-cholesterol yakho kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi.
Ukwazi ezi xabiso kunokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo. Ukuba sele unesifo sentliziyo, ukunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ukufa okunxulumene noko.
Ungazi njani ukuba i-cholesterol ingakanani?
Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ubudala, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba uhlolwe amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ubuncinci rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 . Oku kwenziwa ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-lipid profile . Olu vavanyo lubonisa oku kulandelayo malunga nawe:
- Inqanaba elipheleleyo le-cholesterol
- Inqanaba le-cholesterol ye-LDL (embi)
- Inqanaba le-cholesterol ye-HDL (elungileyo)
- Amanqanaba e-triglyceride
Kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho kwanasebantwaneni. Kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba abantwana bahlolwe i-cholesterol yabo kube kanye xa bephakathi kweminyaka eli-9 neli-11. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unenye yezi zinto zilandelayo ezibangela umngcipheko, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe kwangethuba (phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 neli-10).
| Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezifuna uvavanyo lwe-cholesterol kwangethuba ebantwaneni | |
|---|---|
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba umama okanye umakhulu uhlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo, sistroke, okanye imithambo yegazi ivalekile ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka engama-65. Ukuba utata okanye utatomkhulu wayenemeko enjalo ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka engama-55. Ukuba umzali okanye utatomkhulu unesilinganiselo se-cholesterol esingaphezulu kwe-240 mg/dL. |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango | Ukuba nezinye izifo ezinxulumene nesifo sentliziyo, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye nokutyeba kakhulu. |
Amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol aza kukunceda wena nogqirha wakho nigqibe ukuba ungakanani umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo, kwaye zeziphi iindlela ezilungileyo zokusinciphisa. Umzekelo, ukuba inqanaba le-LDL lomntu omdala liyi-190 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu, lithathwa njengeliphezulu kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe malunga nokuqala amayeza okulinciphisa. Ngokufanayo, ukuba inqanaba lakho le-HDL (elilungileyo) liyi-60 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu, umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo uyancitshiswa.
Zithini izizathu ze-cholesterol ephezulu?
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-cholesterol anyuke okanye anciphe.
Ukutya
- Amafutha agcweleyo kunye neecarbohydrate ezilula: Ukunciphisa ukutya okunezi zinto kunokunceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini.
- Amafutha e-Trans: Ziphephe ii-trans fats zokwenziwa. Ezi zinyusa i-cholesterol. Jonga iilebheli zezinto ezibhakiweyo, izidlo zokutya, ipizza eqandisiweyo, imajarini, njl. Ukuba ilebheli ithi "I-hydrogenated kancinci," oko kuthetha ukuba iqulethe ii-trans fats.
- Amafutha alungileyo (Amafutha angagcwaliyo): La mafutha awanyusi amanqanaba e-cholesterol. La mafutha alungileyo afumaneka kwizinto ezifana neenati, iintlanzi, iioyile zemifuno, ioyile yomnquma, kunye neeavokhado.
- Iswekile: Ukutya nokusela iswekile eninzi kunokunyusa amanqanaba akho e-triglyceride.
- Ifayibha: Ukutya okunefayibha eninzi kunceda ekunciphiseni amanqanaba e-cholesterol. Ifayibha inokufumaneka kwiimbotyi, imifuno, iziqhamo, amandongomane, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
Indlela yokuphila kunye nezinye izinto
- Ubunzima obugqithisileyo: Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokubangela isifo sentliziyo. Kukwanyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol. Ukunciphisa umzimba kunokunceda ukwehlisa i-LDL, i-cholesterol iyonke, kunye namanqanaba e-triglyceride.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kunokunciphisa i-cholesterol embi ye-LDL kwaye konyuse i-cholesterol elungileyo ye-HDL. Zama ukwenza umthambo ophakathi ubuncinane iiyure ezi-2 1/2, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ngeveki.
- Ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kunokunyusa amanqanaba amafutha egazini (i-triglyceride) kwaye kunciphise amanqanaba e-cholesterol ye-HDL elungileyo.
- Ubudala kunye nemfuza: Amanqanaba e-cholesterol adla ngokunyuka njengoko sikhula. Ngamanye amaxesha i-cholesterol ephezulu inokuba yimfuza.
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango kunye namayeza: I-cholesterol inokunyuka ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-hypothyroidism, isifo sesibindi, isifo sezintso, kunye namayeza athile afana nee-steroids.
Amayeza anciphisa i-cholesterol
Ukuba utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila lodwa alwanelanga ukulawula i-cholesterol yakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza. Olona khetho lufanelekileyo luya kuxhomekeka kumngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo.
| Udidi lweziyobisi | Ukusebenza kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iistatini | La ngamayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu. Athintela ukuveliswa kwe-cholesterol esibindini. Umzekelo: i-Atorvastatin, i-Rosuvastatin, i-Simvastatin. |
| I-Niacin | Le yivithamini B. Yehlisa i-LDL kwaye yonyusa i-HDL. |
| Izinto ezidibanisa i-bile acid | Ibopha inyongo kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya kwaye ithintele ukufunxwa kwakhona kwe-cholesterol. |
| IiFibrates | Inceda kakhulu ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-triglyceride. |
| Izithinteli zokufunxa i-cholesterol | Ithintela ukufunxwa kwe-cholesterol emathunjini. Umzekelo: Ezetimibe. |
Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumana iintlungu zemisipha ezingachazwanga ngelixa usela amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza, kuba oko kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu.
Ukongeza, abanye abantu banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana notshintsho ekusebenzeni kwesibindi, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nokuqhina. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukusela ijusi yegrapefruit ngelixa usebenzisa eli yeza. Oku kunokuchaphazela indlela elisebenza ngayo iyeza.
Iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-cholesterol ephezulu
Xa i-cholesterol isanda, ibekwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, incipha kancinci kancinci ize ityebise imithambo yegazi. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis . Xa imithambo yegazi incipha ngale ndlela, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyavalwa. Amalungu omzimba, kuquka nentliziyo yethu, afumana ioksijini ayidingayo egazini. Iingxaki zivela xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuthintelwe.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi ngemithambo emincinci.
- Intlungu yesifuba (i-Angina): Yenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo zingafumani igazi neoksijini eyaneleyo.
- Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke: Oku kunokwenzeka xa iqhekeza lamafutha liqhekeka okanye igazi liqhekeka, livala ngokupheleleyo umthambo wegazi okhokelela entliziyweni okanye engqondweni.
- Isifo seMitha yePheripheral (i-PAD): Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emilenzeni nasezinyaweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona i-cholesterol iphezulu, akukho zimpawu. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo.
- Qaphela amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol "elungileyo" (HDL) kunye "nembi" (LDL). Injongo kufuneka ibe kukunciphisa i-LDL embi kunye nokunyusa i-HDL elungileyo.
- Ukutya okunempilo (amafutha aphantsi kunye neswekile, ifayibha eninzi) kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo zezona nyathelo zisisiseko zokulawula i-cholesterol.
- Ukuba ugqirha unika amayeza, thatha njengoko uyalelwe kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Soloko uthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga namanqanaba akho e-cholesterol, izinto ezinobungozi, kunye nesicwangciso sonyango.
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