Ngaba uyayazi iMarburg Virus Disease? Kufuneka uzazi ezi zinto!

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeendaba malunga nezifo ezintsha neziyingozi ezisasazekayo ngamanye amaxesha kumazwe aseAfrika. Ngoko ke, siza kuthetha ngesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ekufuneka sonke silumke kancinci ngaso, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngaso. Esi sisifo seentsholongwane iMarburg (MVD) . Usenokungaliqondi igama xa usiva, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuliqonda.

Yintoni isifo sentsholongwane iMarburg (MVD)? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, isifo sentsholongwane iMarburg sisifo esibi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha esibulalayo . Sixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe aseAfrika. Ekuqaleni, iimpawu ziqhelekile, njengomkhuhlane kunye nokubanda. Kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, imeko inokuba mandundu, kubandakanya ukuhlanza okukhulu, ukopha, kunye neengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezichaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Khawucinge nje, esi sifo sidla ngokuqala kumalulwane okanye kwiinkawu size sisasazeke ebantwini. Emva koko, sinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye . Yiyo loo ndlela sisasazeka ngayo njengobhubhane.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba iMarburg ngumkhuhlane obangelwa yintsholongwane . Oko kukuthi, le ntsholongwane yonakalisa imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, ibangele ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba. Ngaba ukhe weva ngentsholongwane ye-Ebola ? Kaloku, intsholongwane yeMarburg ikwayintsapho enye nentsholongwane ye-Ebola. Yiyo loo nto iyingozi kangaka.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le ntsholongwane yeMarburg? Ngaba kufuneka sikhathazeke?

Enyanisweni, intsholongwane iMarburg ayifumaneki rhoqo . Nangona kunjalo, iyenzeka ngamanye amaxesha kwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika. Xa ubhubhane onjalo usenzeka, unokosulela abantu abambalwa ukuya kumakhulu ngaxeshanye.

Kutshanje, ngo-2023, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kukho ubhubhane olunjalo kabini. Olunye beluse -Equatorial Guinea ngoFebruwari 2023. Bekukho amatyala ali-16 aqinisekisiweyo, apho ali-12 asweleke khona. Elinye, elinganxulumananga nalo, beliseTanzania ngoMatshi 2023. Bekukho amatyala asi-8 aqinisekisiweyo, kwaye ama-5 asweleke.

Bekukho izifo ezinkulu ezifana nale ngaphambili:

• E-Uganda ngo-2012 - abantu abali-15 bosulelwa kwaye abane bafa.
• E-Angola, ukususela ngo-2004 ukuya ku-2005 - abantu abangama-252 basulelekile kwaye abangama-227 bafa. Jonga ukuba liphezulu kangakanani elo nani lokufa.
• KwiDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC) ukususela ngo-1998 ukuya kutsho ngo-2000 - yachaphazela kakhulu abasebenzi basezimayini kunye neentsapho zabo. Abantu abali-154 bachaphazeleka kwaye abali-128 bafa.
• Ubhubhane oluphindwe kabini eYurophu ngaxeshanye - eJamani naseYugoslavia ngo-1967. Zombini zenzeke phakathi kwabasebenzi ababephatha iinkawu eziluhlaza zaseAfrika ezazivela eUganda. Abantu abangama-31 bosulelwa kwaye abasi-7 bafa.

Ezi zibalo zibonisa indlela oku okunokuba nzulu ngayo, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba sikuqaphele oku.

Ingaba intsholongwane yeMarburg ikhona naseMelika?

Hayi, akukho matyala abikiweyo e-Marburg virus e-United States (e-US). Ngo-2008, umntu owayeye e-Uganda waba neempawu ze-Marburg emva kokubuyela e-United States. Nangona kunjalo, waphila ngokupheleleyo kwaye akazange asasaze esi sifo nakubani na. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukuba kufunyenwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo afunekayo, ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kunokulawulwa.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sentsholongwane iMarburg? Ungasichonga njani?

Iimpawu zeMarburg zibonakala ngamanqanaba amabini aphambili.

Isigaba sokuqala (sithatha malunga neentsuku ezi-5-7):

• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukukhwehlela
• Intlungu yemisipha okanye yamalungu
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba - Oku kunokubonakala njengamabala aphakamileyo, athe tyaba (maculopapular).

Emva kokuba ezi mpawu zivele, ungaziva ungcono kancinci kangangeentsuku ezimbini. Kodwa ke emva koko iimpawu eziqatha zesigaba sesibini ziyaqala.

Iimpawu zesigaba sesibini:

• Intlungu yesisu okanye yesifuba
• Ukuhlanza
• Urhudo (ukudumba)
• Isiyezi
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngokungeyomfuneko
• Ukuhlanza igazi okanye ukuphalaza igazi esitulweni
• Ukopha empumlweni, emlonyeni, emehlweni, okanye kwilungu lobufazi
• Ukudideka

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba ubukhe waya kwindawo apho iMarburg ixhaphake khona, kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Esi asisosifo sokudlala ngaso.

Yintoni ebangela isifo sentsholongwane iMarburg?

Isifo sentsholongwane iMarburg (MVD) sibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezimbini ezinxulumeneyo. Ezi yintsholongwane iMarburg (MARV) kunye nentsholongwane iRavn (RAVV) . Zikwanxulumene nentsholongwane i-Ebola. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, lo ngumkhuhlane obangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi egazini, nto leyo ethetha ukuba unokonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwaye ubangele ukopha kakhulu.

Isasazeka njani intsholongwane yeMarburg?

Le yinto sonke ekufuneka siyilumkele kakhulu. Intsholongwane yeMarburg isasazeka ngokudibana nolwelo lomzimba lwabantu okanye izilwanyana ezinesi sifo .

Zithini ezi zinto zomzimba?

• Igazi
• Umchamo/Umchamo
• Indle/Isitulo
• Ukutshica/Amathe
• Ubisi lwebele
• Amadlozi
• Ulwelo lwesisu

Ayipheleli apho,Ingadluliselwa nangaphaya kwezinto ezingcolisiweyo, izinto, okanye izixhobo zonyango. Yiyo loo nto kuthathwa amanyathelo okhuseleko aphezulu xa kunyanyekelwa isigulana esinje.

Abantu bayifumana njani intsholongwane yeMarburg?

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ii-rousettes zaseYiputa, uhlobo lwelulwane lweziqhamo, zezona zibangela iintsholongwane ze-MARV kunye ne-RAVV. Abantu baqala bosulelwe kukudibana nolwelo lomzimba okanye izicubu zamalulwane aneentsholongwane okanye iiprimates ezingezizo ezomntu. Emva koko banokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi amalungu osapho asondeleyo kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo ababakhathalelayo .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-Marburg virus?

Usemngciphekweni wokuba ne-MVD ukuba :

• Ukuba usebenza nezilwanyana ezinokuba zinentsholongwane.
• Ukuba usebenza emigodini, emiqolombeni, okanye kwiindawo apho kuhlala khona amalulwane eziqhamo.
• Ukuba usondelelene okanye unyamekela umntu onesi sifo.

Ifunyanwa njani intsholongwane kaMarburg?

Oogqirha bafumanisa isifo iMarburg ngovavanyo lwegazi . Kodwa kunokuba nzima ukusifumanisa kuba iimpawu zaso zinokufana nezezinye izifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane otyheli, imalariya, kunye nomkhuhlane wetyphoid .

Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yintsholongwane yeMarburg ngenxa yokuhamba kwakho kutshanje okanye ezinye iindlela, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga isifo se-Marburg virus?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango okanye unyango oluthile lwentsholongwane yeMarburg . Oogqirha banokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho, banyange naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela, baze bazame ukuzinzisa imeko yakho. Banokukunika oku kulandelayo:

• Ioksijini
• Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (IV) - oko kuthetha izinto ezifana ne-saline.
• Unyango lweempawu ezithile, ezifana neyeza lokudambisa iintlungu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndifumana intsholongwane yeMarburg?

Ukuba une-MVD, kufuneka uhlale kude nabanye abantu. Oogqirha nabanye abakhathalelayo kufuneka balandele amanyathelo okhuseleko akhethekileyo. Oku kuquka ukunxiba impahla yokuzikhusela (njengemaski, iiglavu, iiglasi zeglasi, kunye nee-apron) kunye nokuzahlula kwabanye. Kufuneka ujongwe ngokusondeleyo ukuze ubone iingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Kwanasemva kokuba umntu ephilile, ezinye iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide zinokubakho. Ezi ziquka:

• Iingxaki ngenkumbulo kunye nobuchule bokucinga.
• Ukuxobuka kwesikhumba.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Intlungu yemisipha.
• Ukulahleka kweenwele.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba nokuba sele uphilile, intsholongwane ingahlala kwisidoda ixesha elide . Ngoko ke, ukuze uthintele ukudlulisela esi sifo kwiqabane lakho, sebenzisa ikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga novavanyo olunokuqinisekisa ukuba intsholongwane ayisekho kwisidoda sakho.

Ngaba ungasinda kwintsholongwane yeMarburg?

IMarburg idla ngokuba sisifo esibulalayo . Nangona kunjalo, kukho abasindileyo. Izinga lokufa eliqhelekileyo limalunga nama-80% . Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zobhubhane, eli zinga lokufa linokwahluka kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha linokwahluka ukusuka kwi-23% ukuya kwi-90%. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayingomntu wonke ofanayo.

Ungazikhusela njani kwintsholongwane yeMarburg? Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo!

Imibutho yezempilo yoluntu izama ukulawula ukuqhambuka okunje ngokubeka esweni amatyala amatsha, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bezempilo abanyamekela izigulana ze-MVD, njl. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzithatha:

• Ukuba unyamekela isigulana esine-MVD, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela (ezifana nemaski, iiglasi zeglasi, i-apron, iiglavu). Kuphephe ukudibana nolwelo lomzimba waso. Nokuba unxibe iiglavu, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokudibana naso.
• Sebenzisa iikhondom okanye ungabelani ngesondo ude uqiniseke ukuba intsholongwane ayikho kwimbewu yakho (ukuba wena okanye iqabane lakho nikhe nafumana i-MVD). Nokuba niphilile, intsholongwane ingaphila kwimbewu ixesha elide. Akukho bungqina buncinci bokuba ingaphila ixesha elide kangako kwincindi yesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Kuphephe ukudibana nayo nantoni na ocinga ukuba inokuba ingcoliswe lulwelo lomzimba olusulelekileyo. Musa ukuyichukumisa imbewu yesondo ude uqiniseke ukuba ayinayo intsholongwane.
• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa isidumbu somntu osweleke ngenxa ye-MVD. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela. Lumka oku nakwimicimbi yomngcwabo.
• Kuphephe ukudibana nezilwanyana ezifana namalulwane eziqhamo kunye neenkawu kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo (ezifana nemiqolomba kunye nemigodi).
• Kuphephe ukutya inyama yehlathi.
• Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwindawo apho intsholongwane yeMarburg ixhaphake khona, jonga iimpawu zakho kangangeentsuku ezingama-21. Ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba neMarburg, hlala kude nabanye abantu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yintsholongwane iMarburg – umzekelo, ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho izilwanyana zithwala khona intsholongwane, okanye ukuba uye waya kwindawo apho kukho ubhubhane – kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Hlala ujonge iimpawu zakho kangangeentsuku ezingama-21 emva kokuba uchaphazelekile. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yiMarburg kunye nendlela owachaphazeleka ngayo.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit okanye i-40 Celsius).
• Ukopha okungaqhelekanga.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye yesisu.
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho lwengqondo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ungayithintela njani intsholongwane kwabanye abantu?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndiza kusulelana ixesha elingakanani?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

IMarburg sisifo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esinokuba yingozi . Xa usiva ngokuqhambuka kwezifo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva usoyika, "Owu, ingaba oku kuya kwenzeka nakum?" Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba usenokuba sesichengeni sentsholongwane iMarburg, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kwaye uthintele ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala ulumkile ngempilo yakho ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba uchaphazelekile yile ntsholongwane. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu, musa ukoyika okanye ukulibazisa, kodwa funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngoko nangoko. Ukuzazi ezi zinto nokulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko yeyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza sonke.

Intsholongwane yaseMarburg , iMVD, umkhuhlane wegazi obangelwa yintsholongwane, i-Ebola, izifo ezosulelayo, iAfrika, iimpawu, uthintelo