"Isifo seswekile" sisifo esiqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu, kwaye sisifo esixhaphakileyo kubantu abaninzi. Mhlawumbi umntu kusapho lwakho, umhlobo, okanye nawe ngokwakho uyachaphazeleka sesi sifo. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abazi kakuhle oku. Abanye abazi nokuba banesifo seswekile na. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesi sifo, okanye esaziwa ngokwezonyango njenge-`(Diabetes Mellitus)`, ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye isifo seswekile?
Ngamafutshane, isifo seswekile yingxaki eyenzeka xa umzimba wethu uvelisa ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Insulin' okanye xa usebenzisa i-insulin eyivelisayo. Cinga ngale ndlela: iiseli emzimbeni wethu zifana nezindlu ezincinci. Ezi zindlu zifuna amandla, okanye "ipetroli", ukuze zisebenze. Le petroli yi-"Glucose" okanye iswekile, eyenziwe ngokutya esikutyayo. Kodwa ukuze le glucose ingene ezindlwini ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli, ifuna isitshixo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"insulin".
Esi sihluthulelo se-insulin senziwa sisitho esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Pancreas" esiswini sethu. Isifo seswekile senzeka ngenxa yesinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- I-pancreas yakho ayivelisi kwaphela i-insulin .
- I-pancreas ayivelisi i-insulin eninzi kakhulu .
- Umzimba awuphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Insulin Resistance." Kufana nokuba nesitshixo kodwa isitshixo esiqhekekileyo emnyango.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, i-glucose ayinakungena kwiiseli kodwa iqokelelana egazini. Oku kuxa amanqanaba eswekile egazini enyuka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisifo seswekile.
Isifo seswekile sisifo esihlala ubomi bonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukusilawula kakuhle kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo seswekile?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zesifo seswekile. Masiziqonde ngokucacileyo.
| Uhlobo lwesifo seswekile | Kalula nje... | Ngoobani abachaphazeleka kakhulu? |
|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwe-1 lwesifo seswekile | Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba ulahlekelwa yiyo yonke i-insulin. Umthombo wabo oyintloko we-insulin yi-injection yangaphandle. | Nangona idla ngokufunyaniswa xa umntu eselula okanye eselula (ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala), inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka. |
| Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile | Umzimba uvelisa i-insulin, kodwa ubungakanani bayo abwanele. Okanye iiseli zomzimba aziphenduli kuloo insulin (Insulin Resistance). Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo ehlabathini. | Idla ngokuvela kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala nabatyebe kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokutyeba kakhulu, ngoku iyenzeka nakubantu abancinci, kwanabantwana. |
| I-prediabetes | Amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphezulu kunesiqhelo, kodwa akaphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba angabizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile. Oku kufana nesilumkiso. | Nabani na osengozini yokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini usengozini. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuphuhliswa kwesifo seswekile. |
| Isifo Seswekile Sokukhulelwa | Ingxaki yesifo seswekile sexeshana ebangelwa kukutshintsha kweehomoni ngexesha lokukhulelwa. | Kwenzeka kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Le meko idla ngokuphela emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini uyanda kamva. |
Ezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo ziphambili, kukho iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-"Monogenic diabetes", ezibangelwa zizinto zemfuza. Isifo seswekile sinokubangelwa nangamayeza athile okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango.
Zithini iimpawu zesifo seswekile? Uzibona njani?
Iimpawu zesifo seswekile zingahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwaso. Ngamanye amaxesha, isifo seswekile singabakho ngaphandle kweempawu.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 (zinokwenzeka ngequbuliso) | |
| Ukuziva unxaniwe kakhulu | Ukuziva unganxanwanga nokuba usela amanzi angakanani na. |
| Ukuchama rhoqo | Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo, ingakumbi ebusuku. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba mncane nangona usitya kakuhle. |
| Ukudinwa kakhulu nokudinwa | Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu nangona ndingenzanga nto. |
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Utshintsho oluthile embonweni, uzive ulufifi. |
| Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini (zihlala zikhula kancinci kancinci) | |
| Ukuphola kwenxeba okulibazisekileyo | Kwanenxeba elincinci lithatha ixesha ukuphola. |
| Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo | Ukurhawuzelela rhoqo, ingakumbi kwindawo yesini. |
| Usulelo lweMvubelo | Usulelo lwemvubelo oluhlala lukho. |
| Ukungabi nangqondo kwamalungu | Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukutsha kwezandla neenyawo. |
Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa asisoloko sineempawu, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe isifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo seswekile?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezingentla, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo seswekile, kungcono ukubona ugqirha uze uhlolwe. Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi eziphambili zegazi ukuze kufunyanwe isifo seswekile.
- Uvavanyo lweswekile yegazi lokuzila ukutya (FBS): Uvavanyo lwegazi olwenziwa emva kokuzila ukutya iiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-10 (ngaphandle kokutya okanye ukusela nantoni na ngaphandle kwamanzi).
- Uvavanyo lwe-A1c (HbA1c): Oku kunika umbono wamanqanaba akho aphakathi eswekile egazini kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 ezidlulileyo.
- Uvavanyo lweShukela egazini elingacwangciswanga (RBS): Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha losuku.
- Uvavanyo Lokunyamezela Iswekile Egazini (OGTT): Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi emva kokuzila ukutya, emva koko kuselwa isiselo esineswekile, kuze kuthathwe igazi kwakhona emva kweyure enye neyesibini ukujonga inqanaba leswekile.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye isifo seswekile esingaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
Unyango kunye nolawulo lwesifo seswekile
Akukho nyango lwesifo seswekile okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila , sinokulawulwa kakuhle kwaye ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni ngaphandle kweengxaki. Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:
- Ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini ngaphakathi koluhlu olujoliswe kulo.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol.
- Ukuthintela ezinye iingxaki zempilo (amehlo, izintso, iingxaki zemithambo-luvo) ezinokubangelwa sisifo seswekile.
Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo seswekile onaso.
1. Amayeza
- I-Insulin: Wonke umntu onesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 kunye nabanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kufuneka bathathe inaliti ye-insulin.
- Amayeza Omlomo: Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, oogqirha banika iipilisi ezifana ne-metformin. Ezi zinceda umzimba ukuba usebenzise i-insulin ngcono okanye uvelise i-insulin engakumbi.
2. Ukutya Okunempilo
Ukutya kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni isifo seswekile. Iswekile kunye neziselo ezineswekile, kunye nokutya okunesitatshi (isonka, irayisi) kunokunyusa ngokukhawuleza amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
- Izinto ezilungileyo zokutya:Imifuno, iziqhamo (buza ugqirha wakho), iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, inyama engenamafutha, kunye nentlanzi.
- Izinto ekufuneka zincitshiswe: Iswekile, iziselo ezineswekile, ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, ityuwa, ukutya okucutshungulweyo.
3. Ukuzilolonga
Ukuzilolonga ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ukudada, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki, kunokuphucula indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kwi-insulin. Kunokukunceda nokulawula ubunzima bakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na inkqubo yokuzilolonga.
Ngaba isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini singathintelwa?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo unako! Nangona isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 singenakuthintelwa, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini .
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni. Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, zama ukunciphisa umzimba.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo.
- Zilolonge rhoqo.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka.
- Ukuba ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni, bona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Ukuba udinga unyango olungxamisekileyo ngenxa yeempawu ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seswekile asiyonto yokoyika, yimeko enokulawulwa kakuhle.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ukutya kwakho, umthambo, kunye nonyango njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
- Qaphela iimpawu. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Jonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo.
- Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, ingakumbi ngendlela yokuphila esempilweni.
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