Sonke siyazi ukuba iingcongconi ziyinto ephazamisayo, akunjalo? Xa silunywa kancinci, asiyihoyi kangako. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ezinye iingcongconi zinokubangela isifo esibi esinokuchaphazela ubomi bakho? I-Malaria yenye yezifo eziyingozi kangaka. Esi sisifo esinokukhokelela ekufeni ukuba asinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masifumane iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo esinayo malunga ne-malaria kunye nendlela yokuhlala sikhuselekile kuyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni imalariya?
I-Malaria sisifo esidluliselwa ukusuka kwenye ingcongconi ukuya kwenye. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iingcongconi ezinokudlulisela esi sifo. Sidluliselwa yingcongconi yebhinqa i-Anopheles. Le ngcongconi ihlala ngaphakathi kwi-parasite encinci kakhulu. Ngokuchanekileyo, igama lale ngcongconi yiPlasmodium.
Cinga ngale ngcongconi njengomntu ohambisa isilwanyana. Ihambisa 'iphakheji' eyingozi (loo ngcongconi) emzimbeni wakho. Xa ingcongconi ikuluma, ezi ngcongconi zingena egazini lakho kunye namathe ayo.
Emva koko ezi ntsholongwane ziya ngqo esibindini sakho. Apho, ziyanda buthule, zingabonisi zimpawu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zenza abantwana abaninzi. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, amawaka ezi ntsholongwane zintsha angena egazini lakho kwakhona aze aqale ukuhlasela iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Kulapho uqala khona ukubonisa iimpawu zemalariya.
Esi sifo sinokuba nzima kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Zithini iimpawu zemalariya?
Iimpawu zemalariya ekuqaleni zibonakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha usenokungacingi ukuba yimalariya. Kodwa ezi mpawu zinokuba nzima kancinci kancinci.
Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwinyanga emva kokulunywa yingcongconi. Abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka.
Makhe sijonge ngokucacileyo iimpawu eziphambili.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda | Ngequbuliso, uziva ubanda kakhulu uze uqale ukungcangcazela. Emva koko ufumana umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukubila, uze ufe. Oku kungaziphinda-phinda ngomjikelo. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nentlungu yemisipha | Kuqhelekile ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu enganyamezelekiyo kunye neentlungu zemisipha. |
| Ukudinwa | Ndiziva ndidiniwe kangangokuba andikwazi kwenza nto. |
| Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu | Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo nazo zinokubonakala. |
| Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-Jaundice) | Njengoko iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa, ulusu kunye namhlophe emehlweni anokuba tyheli. |
| Umchamo omnyama | Umchamo unokuba mnyama, ngamanye amaxesha ube negazi. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokuxhuzula | Xa isifo siba sibi kakhulu, iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana nezi zinokubonakala. |
Sidluliselwa njani esi sifo?
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, esi sifo sidluliselwa ikakhulu ngokulunywa yingcongconi ephethe i-malaria parasite.
Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, inokudluliselwa ngezinye iindlela.
- Ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana: Umntwana ozelwe ngumama onesifo semalariya naye unokosulelwa sesi sifo.
- Utofelo-gazi: Ukunika umntu ophilileyo igazi elivela kumntu onentsholongwane.
- Ukufakelwa kwamalungu omzimba: Ngokufaka ilungu lomzimba kumntu osulelekileyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweenaliti zenaliti ezingcolisiweyo: Ngokwabelana ngenaliti enye yenaliti phakathi kwabasebenzisi beziyobisi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba imalariya ayisosifo esinokusasazeka ngokunxibelelana nje, ukuthimla, ukwabelana ngokutya, okanye ukuwolana.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona nabani na enokufumana imalariya, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezinzima ngenxa yesi sifo.
- Abantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala: Ngenxa yokuba amajoni abo omzimba awakakhuli ngokupheleleyo, kunzima kubo ukulwa nesi sifo.
- Oomama abakhulelweyo: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, amasosha omzimba ayancipha kancinci ngokwendalo. Oku kunokwenza imalariya ibe mandundu ngakumbi, kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuzalwa kweentsana ezinobunzima obuphantsi.
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka: Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, njengabo banezifo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS kunye nabo banyangwa umhlaza, basengozini enkulu.
- Abahambi abavela kwiindawo apho imalariya ingaxhaphakanga khona: Umntu ohlala kwilizwe apho imalariya ixhaphakileyo uba nomzimba okhuselekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sihamba sisuka kwilizwe elingenamalariya njengelethu ukuya kwilizwe elinjalo, esi sifo sinokuba sibi kakhulu kuba esi silwanyana asiqhelekanga emizimbeni yethu.
Ngawaphi amazwe anenani eliphezulu labantu abanemalariya?
I-Malaria ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe ashushu anemozulu eshushu nefumileyo.
- Amazwe aseAfrika (uninzi lwawo)
- Embindini naseMzantsi Melika
- Iziqithi zaseCaribbean (ezifana neHaiti, iDominican Republic)
- Amanye amazwe eMzantsi naseMzantsi-mpuma Asia
- Iziqithi zoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki
Ngethamsanqa, iSri Lanka lilizwe eliphumelele ekupheliseni imalariya. Ngoko ke, akukho mngcipheko wokufumana imalariya kwilizwe lethu ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhambela amazwe akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwimalariya.
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Ukuba ubukhe waya kwilizwe apho imalariya ixhaphakileyo kwaye ubonisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ugqirha uya kuqala acinge ukuba usenokuba unemalariya.
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa oku kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi .
1. Ukutshiza igazi: Ithontsi elincinci legazi elivela emnweni wakho libekwa kwisilayidi seglasi lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kuya kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iiparasite zePlasmodium zikhona na egazini. Kuya kuchonga nohlobo lweparasite (P. falciparum, P. vivax, njl.njl.)
2. Uvavanyo Lokuxilonga Olukhawulezileyo: Olu vavanyo lunokubonelela ngeziphumo ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwe-microscope ludla ngokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa isifo.
Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwelinye ilizwe, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho. Loo nkcazelo inokuba luncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango lwemalariya?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba imalariya sisifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kufuneka sinyangwe kwangethuba nangendlela efanelekileyo.
Unyango lusetyenziswa ngamayeza abulala intsholongwane yemalariya. La mayeza siwabiza ngokuba ngamayeza okulwa nemalariya.
Uhlobo lwamayeza owanikwayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.
- Uhlobo lwe-Plasmodium parasite osulelwe yiyo.
- Ubukhali beempawu zakho.
- iminyaka yakho.
- Nokuba ukhulelwe okanye awukhulelwe.
- Apho ufumene khona esi sifo (iintsholongwane zemalariya ezifumaneka kwamanye amazwe azinawo amayeza athile).
Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo anikwayo ngala:
- `I-Artemether-lumefantrine`
- `Atovaquone-proguanil`
- ``Chloroquine'' okanye ``Hydroxychloroquine''
- I- Doxycycline ( iDoxycycline (iDoxycycline) )
- `I-Quinine`
- `I-Primaquine`
Eli yeza linikwa njengepilisi okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, njengenaliti ye-intravenous (IV).
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kufuneka uthathe amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho lonke ixesha lekhosi emiselweyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuwathatha amayeza kuba nje uzive ungcono. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba isifo siphinde sibuye ngenxa yeentsholongwane ezisele emzimbeni wakho.
Ungazikhusela njani kwi-malaria? (Ukuthintela)
Ukuba undwendwela ilizwe apho imalariya ixhaphake khona, kungcono "ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo singabikho endaweni yokusinyanga." Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze usithintele.
| Indlela yokuthintela | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Amayeza okuthintela | Bona ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika amayeza okulwa nemalariya afanelekileyo kwindawo oya kuyo. Kuya kufuneka uwathathe la mayeza ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kohambo lwakho. |
| Ukukhuselwa kwiingcongconi | - Faka isitshizi sezinambuzane esine-DEET. - Nxiba impahla ende, ekhululekileyo egubungela umzimba wakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka. - Sebenzisa inethi yokuthintela iingcongconi xa ulele ebusuku. - Nciphisa ixesha ochitha ngaphandle ngalo lonke ixesha leengcongconi ezithandwa kakhulu (ngokuhlwa nakusasa). |
| Ukugonywa | Ugonyo lwemalariya lukhona ngoku, kodwa okwangoku lucetyiswa kuphela kubantwana abancinci abahlala kumazwe apho imalariya ixhaphakileyo khona. Okwangoku alukhuthazwa kubahambi. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Malaria sisifo esibi esidluliselwa ziingcongconi esinokubulala ukuba asinyangwa.
- Nangona okwangoku kungekho mngcipheko wokufumana imalariya eSri Lanka, umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba uya kumazwe aseAfrika, eMzantsi Melika, nakwamanye amazwe aseAsia.
- Iimpawu zokuqala zisenokufana nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukugodola, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu zezona mpawu ziphambili.
- Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na ezi mpawu emva kokutyelela ilizwe elinomhlaza we-malariya, funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngelizwe oye kulo.
- I-malaria inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ifunyaniswe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Xa usiya kwilizwe elinomhlaza we-malaria, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzikhusela kwiingcongconi kwaye uthathe amayeza okuthintela njengoko ugqirha ecebisile.
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