Ngaba unazo ezi mpawu? Masithethe ngeMultiple Sclerosis (MS)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho okanye umbono wakho ufiphala ngequbuliso? Okanye uziva ngathi ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho xa uhamba? Kukho amaxesha apho uzibuza ukuba ezi zinto ziyadlula nje, okanye ngaba zisiqalo sento enkulu? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enzima kancinci, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqaphela. Yiyo loo nto i-Multiple Sclerosis , okanye i-MS ngamafutshane.

Yintoni iMultiple Sclerosis?

Ngamafutshane, i-multiple sclerosis (MS) yimeko apho inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo , okuyinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba .

Cinga ngemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wakho njengeentambo zombane. Ezi ntambo zineshelufu yokukhusela ezijikelezileyo, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, iiseli zethu zemithambo-luvo zineshelufu yokukhusela ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelin . Ezi shelufu ze-myelin zinceda imiqondiso ukuba ihambe ngemithambo-luvo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Olu nxibelelwano lubalulekile kuyo yonke into esiyibonayo, esiyivayo, nesishukumisa imizimba yethu.

Ngoku, okwenzekayo kumntu one-MS kukuba inkqubo yakhe yokuzikhusela yomzimba ihlasela ngempazamo ezi seli ze-myelin . Kufana nomkhosi wethu uhlasela ilizwe lethu. Oku konakalisa iisheath ze-myelin. Emva koko ezo miyalezo zemithambo-luvo azihambi kakuhle, zibambeke embindini, okanye zihambe ngendlela engalunganga. Lo monakalo unokwenzeka engqondweni, emgogodleni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nakwimithambo-luvo edibana namehlo.

Okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-MS. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umonakalo nokulawula iimpawu. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-MS?

I-MS ichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo, ngoko ke oogqirha bayahlulahlula ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho. Ezi azizozifo zahlukeneyo, kodwa yindlela esizibonakalisa ngayo esi sifo.

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili:

1. I-Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS): Eli lixesha lokuqala iimpawu ze-MS zivela. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina baneleyo bokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yi-MS. Ezi mpawu zibangelwa kukonakala kwe-myelin. Ayinguye wonke umntu one-CIS oza kuba ne-MS, kodwa abanye banokuba ne-MS kwixesha elizayo.

2. I-Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-MS . Malunga nama-85% abantu abane-MS bawela kolu luhlu. Okwenzekayo kukuba iimpawu ezintsha zivele ngequbuliso, okanye iimpawu ezindala ziba mandundu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "kukubuyela umva" okanye "luhlaselo ." Emva koko, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi mpawu ziyancipha okanye zinyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukuxolelwa."Lixesha.

3. I-Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS): Abantu abaninzi abane-RRMS ekugqibeleni baba ne-SPMS. Kweli nqanaba, umonakalo wemithambo-luvo uyaqokelelana kancinci kancinci kwaye iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci kancinci. Ukubuyela umva kusenokubakho, kodwa amaxesha okuphumla, okanye amaxesha okuphela kweempawu, afutshane.

4. I-Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS): Kolu hlobo, iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci kancinci kwasekuqaleni. Akukho kuphinda kuvele okanye kuphinde kuvele kwakhona njengakwi-RRMS.

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zine ziphambili, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ze-MS:

• I-Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis: Olu luhlobo lwe-multiple sclerosis olubangela ukususwa kwe-myelination kwiindawo ezinkulu zobuchopho. Ezi zinokubonakala ngathi ziithumba. Kunokufuneka i-biopsy ukuze kuchongwe ukuba le yithumba lobuchopho.
• I-Balo's Concentric Sclerosis: Kule meko, umonakalo we-myelin ubonakala njengeendandatho ezixineneyo kwi-MRI scan, yiyo loo nto igama layo.
• I-Marburg Variant Multiple Sclerosis: Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga nolunzima lwe-MS. Iimpawu zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokubulala ukuba azinyangwa.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-MS?

Izifundo ezenziwe kumazwe afana ne-United States zibonisa ukuba phantse isigidi sabantu abadala baphila ne-MS. Kukho nabantu abanale meko eSri Lanka.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala ze-MS?

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-MS zingabandakanya:

• Utshintsho lombono: Umbono ofiphele kwelinye iliso, intlungu (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -optic neuritis ), ukubona kabini, kwaye mhlawumbi nokulahlekelwa ngumbono.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha: Ngokwesiqhelo kwicala elinye lobuso okanye lomzimba, okanye ngaphantsi kwesinqe.
• Ukungaziva mnandi okanye iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga: Oku kuyenzeka nakwicala elinye lobuso okanye lomzimba, okanye ngaphantsi kwesinqe. Kungavakala ngathi kukurhawuzelela, okanye kungavakala ngathi akukho nto konke konke.

Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu ze-MS?

Nazi ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubangelwa yi-MS:

• Ukudinwa: Akupheleli nje ekudinweni, kodwa kukudinwa okunganyamezelekiyo nokugqithisileyo.
• Ukungakhathali
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukusebenza kwesinyi: ukuchama rhoqo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi kunye nokulungelelaniswa
• Ubunzima bokusebenza kwengqondo:Oko kuthetha ukwehla kokucinga, inkumbulo, ingqalelo, ukufunda, kunye nokugweba.
• Utshintsho kwimikhwa: ukucaphuka, ukudandatheka, ixhala.
• Ukuqina kwemisipha kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha/ukungcangcazela

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu zahlukile kumntu nomntu. Oko unakho ngolunye usuku kunokwahluka koko unakho ngolunye. Usenokuba neempawu ezininzi kwezi, kodwa azikho zonke ngaxeshanye.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo une-MS?

Oku kunzima ukukutsho, kuba into "eqhelekileyo" iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Nge-MS, unokuba namaxesha okuxolelwa . Oko kuthetha amaxesha apho iimpawu zakho ziphela khona kwaye unokuba phantse njengangaphambili. Usenokulibala nokuba une-MS, de iimpawu zakho zibuye. Indlela le "iqhelekileyo" evakalelwa ngayo, kunye nokuba ivakalelwa kangakanani, inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-MS kunye nenqanaba lesifo.

Yintoni ebangela i-MS?

Eyona nto ibangela i-MS kukutshatyalaliswa kwe-myelin (demyelination) . Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-myelin sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons) ebuchotsheni bakho nakwi-spinal cord. Yiyo ethumela imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo yakho kunye nomzimba wakho wonke, ilawula izinto ezinje ngombono, iimvakalelo, kunye nentshukumo.

Umsebenzi wenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela kukukhusela kwizinto eziyingozi emzimbeni wakho, njengeebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Kodwa kwi-MS, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba iba namandla kakhulu kwaye ngempazamo icinge ukuba i-myelin esempilweni (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezingaphantsi kwayo) ziyingozi. Xa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ihlasela le myelin isempilweni, iyayonakalisa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-demyelination .

Ugqirha angasebenzisa uvavanyo lomfanekiso, olufana ne-MRI, ukufumana ubungqina bomonakalo we-myelin. Basenokubiza oku ngokuba sisilonda, isilonda, okanye i-plaque . Apho i-myelin yonakele khona, imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ayihambi kakuhle. Yiloo nto ibangela iimpawu ze-MS.

Iingcali azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu benesifo se-MS, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi zinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo se-MS:

• Ukutshaya
• Ukuvezwa zizinto ezinobungozi: Umzekelo, ukuchatshazelwa ngumsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu, izibulali-zinambuzane.
• Amanqanaba aphantsi evithamini D
• Ukuvezwa kwintsholongwane: Umzekelo, intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr okanye i-mononucleosis .
• Ukutyeba kakhulu ngexesha lobuntwana
• Utyekelo lwemfuza:Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesi sifo, okanye ukuba unezakhi zofuzo ezikubangela ukuba ube nesi sifo, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba naso.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-MS?

Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba ne-MS ukuba:

• Ukuba uneminyaka ephakathi kwama -20 nama-40 ubudala.
• Ukuba unemvelaphi yaseMantla Yurophu .
• Ukuba ungumfazi (abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-MS).

Kodwa khumbula, i-MS inokuchaphazela nabani na. Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, inokuchaphazela nabantwana .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-MS?

Ukuba iimpawu ze-MS ziya zisiba mandundu okanye ziya zisiba mandundu ngakumbi, iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ubunzima bokuhamba ngaphandle koncedo.
• Ukulahlekelwa kulawulo lwamathumbu okanye isinyi .
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo .
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo .
• Ukudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba .

Ifunyanwa njani i-MS?

Akukho vavanyo lunye olunokuchonga i-MS ngokuqinisekileyo. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha uya kugqiba kwelokuba une-MS emva kokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, uvavanyo lwe-neurological, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi .

Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kufunda ngakumbi ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yezonyango. Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi, i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans yengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo, kunye novavanyo lolwelo lomqolo wakho.

Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo lwe-MS. Kusenokufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba wazi ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-MS zinokufana nezezinye izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Nangona ukulibaziseka ekuxilongweni kunokukukhathaza, ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunokunceda ugqirha wakho anyange iimpawu zakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-MS?

Uvavanyo lokuxilonga lunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba angaziboni ezinye izifo ezineempawu ezifanayo neze-MS. Uvavanyo lungabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lomchamo
• Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Uvavanyo lwe-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Olu vavanyo lujonga umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo yamehlo.
• Ukubhajwa Kweempundu: Kule meko, kuthathwa isampuli yolwelo lomqolo emgogodleni ize ihlolwe.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Evoked Potential (EP): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa indlela ezihamba ngayo ngokukhawuleza ii-nerve impulses.

Ngubani oxilonga i-MS?

Ukuba umboneleli wakho oyintloko ukrokrela ukuba usenokuba ne-MS, uza kukuthumela kwingcali yezifo zengqondo . Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni izifo zenkqubo yeemvakalelo, eziquka ingqondo kunye nomqolo.

Ngaba i-MS inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokunyanga ngokupheleleyo i-MS.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-MS?

Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango lwe-multiple sclerosis kukunciphisa umonakalo ongakumbi, ukulawula iimpawu, kunye nokuthintela iingxaki . Isicwangciso sakho sonyango singabandakanya:

• Amayeza
• Unyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, okanye unyango lokuthetha
• Ingcebiso ngempilo yengqondo

Ezinye iindlela zokulawula iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esikuchaphazela ngayo esi sifo. Zingabandakanya:

• Ukunxiba iiglasi okanye ukuthatha amayeza eengxaki zokubona.
• Ukuvuselela Ubuchopho Obunzulu Kwiintlungu Zemisipha.
• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuncedisa ezifana nomsimelelo, isixhobo sokuhamba, okanye isitulo esinamavili xa unengxaki yokuhamba.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula okanye amayeza okuthintela ukuqaqamba kwemisipha (umz. , i-gabapentin okanye i-nortriptyline ).
• Amayeza anjenge -donepezil kwiimpawu zengqondo.
• Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezifana ne -acupuncture kunye ne-yoga .

Ukuba umzimba wakho awuphenduli kakuhle kumayeza athile ngexesha lohlaselo lwe-MS, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukutshintshwa kwe-plasma (plasmapheresis) . Oku kusebenza ngakumbi ekunciphiseni umonakalo ovela kuhlaselo olukhoyo kunokuthintela uhlaselo olungaphezulu kwixesha elide.

Ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi onokuthi uthathe inxaxheba kuzo. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luvavanyo ebantwini lokufumana unyango olutsha lwe-MS nezinye izifo, nokuba ngamayeza amatsha okanye iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa amayeza akhoyo.

Amayeza e-multiple sclerosis

Amayeza e-multiple sclerosis anokunciphisa ukuphinda-phinda isifo, anciphise uphuhliso lwezilonda/amanxeba amatsha engqondweni nasemgogodleni, kwaye anciphise ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zamayeza e-MS zezi:

1. IiNyango eziguqula izifo (ii-DMT):Ii-DMT zinciphisa inani lokubuyela umva kwesifo, zicothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-MS, kwaye zithintela ukwakheka kwezilonda ezintsha engqondweni yakho nasemgogodleni. Kukho amayeza aliqela avunyiweyo yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kunyango lwe-MS oluhlala ixesha elide.

2. Amayeza okulawula ukuphinda ubuye: Kwiintlaselo ezinzima, amayeza anjenge -corticosteroids (afana ne -methylprednisolone ) ayayicinezela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye anciphise ukudumba ngokukhawuleza. La mayeza anokukhawulezisa ixesha lakho lokuchacha emva kohlaselo. Akwanciphisa umonakalo kwi-myelin sheath ejikeleze iiseli zakho zemithambo-luvo. Ugqirha wakho angakunika la mayeza nge- IV (ngaphakathi kwemithambo) . Ezinye iindlela zonyango zexesha elifutshane zohlaselo ezinzima ziquka unyango lwe-IV immunoglobulin okanye i-plasma exchange .

Ii-DMT ze-MS

Nazi ii-DMTs ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-MS kunye neendlela zazo zokulawula:

• Iinaliti eluswini lwakho: i-Beta interferon, i-glatiramer acetate, okanye i-ofatumumab.
• Ukufunxwa kwimithambo yegazi (IV): I-Alemtuzumab, i-natalizumab, i-rituximab, i-ocrelizumab, okanye i-ublituximab.
• Amayeza omlomo: I-Cladribine, i-dimethyl fumarate, i-diroximel fumarate, i-monomethyl fumarate, i-fingolimod, i-siponimod, i-ponesimod, i-ozanimod, okanye i-teriflunomide.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu

Ngaba i-multiple sclerosis inokuthintelwa?

Okwangoku akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela i-MS.

Indlela yokunciphisa ukuvela kweempawu ze-MS?

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokunciphisa inani lokuqaqamba, ukuphinda ubuye, kunye nokuhlaselwa onako kukuthatha unyango oluguqula izifo (ii-DMT) .

Kubalulekile nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni . Izigqibo ozenzayo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Ukuze uhlale usempilweni, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo.
• Ukulala ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi yomzimba rhoqo.
• Ukungayisebenzisi imveliso yecuba.

Ukujongana nesifo esinganyangekiyo kunokuba nzima ngengqondo. I-MS ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela indlela ovakalelwa ngayo kunye nenkumbulo yakho. Ingcali yezengqondo okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondoUkusebenzisana yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokulawula esi sifo kwixesha elide.

Iyintoni imbono ye-MS?

I-Multiple sclerosis yimeko yobomi bonke engenanyango . Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo zisebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu nasekunciphiseni ukuvela kwezifo ezingapheliyo. Nokuba unonyango okanye awunalo, i-MS inokuba yingxaki ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngaphandle koncedo. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo likho ukukuxhasa kulo lonke uhambo lwakho lwe-MS, lithatha amanyathelo okuthintela iingxaki kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Ngaba isifo se-multiple sclerosis sichaphazela ubomi bakho?

Ungalindela ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ne-MS. Nangona izifundo ezindala zibonise ukuba i-MS inganciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwakho malunga neminyaka eli-10, oku kuye kwaphucuka kakhulu ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwiindlela zonyango. Kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu apho i-MS ibulalayo.

Ngaba umntu one-MS angaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo?

Ewe. I-MS inokuba yimeko enzima ukuyixilonga nokuyilawula, kodwa iqela lakho lokhathalelo liza kukunceda kuzo zonke iindlela. Nangona kungekho nyango, ungaphila ubomi obanelisayo nobusebenzayo nge-MS. Ukususela kumayeza ukuya kunyango, kukho iindlela zokukunceda ukuba usebenze kakuhle ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Kukho namaqela enkxaso anokukunceda uqhagamshelane nabanye abaye baba namava afanayo.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ufanele ubone ugqirha ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuziva uvakalelwa kakhulu bubushushu.
• Ukuba uziva ungaqinisekanga okanye ungalingani.
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto.
• Ingakumbi ukuba une-hayindwo okanye ukurhawuzelela ezandleni okanye ezinyaweni zakho.
• Utshintsho lombono ngequbuliso.
• Ukuba uziva ubuthathaka ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni yakho.

Ukuba une-MS kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, okanye ukuba iimpawu ezikhoyo ziya zisiba mandundu, xelela ugqirha wakho.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Usenokubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Ndifanele ndiye kangaphi kunyango lomzimba?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kumayeza owanike wona?
• Ndifanele ndiwathathe nini kwaye kangaphi amayeza?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Ungandinika iingcebiso zokugcina impilo isempilweni?
• Ngaba kukho amaqela enkxaso onokuwacebisa?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) yimeko ecaphukisayo nesongela ubomi. Iimpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso kwaye zibe mandundu. I-MS inokukwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokuba neengozi ukuba ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho.

Kodwa, awuwedwa. Ugqirha unokukunceda ulawule le meko kwaye uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ngokukhuselekileyo. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, kunokufuneka wenze utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela yakho yokuphila, njengokusebenzisa isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuhamba okanye ukunxiba iiglasi. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abane-MS baphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobukhutheleyo ngoncedo lweqela labo lokhathalelo. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neendlela zakho zonyango, iimpawu okanye iingxaki ekufuneka uziqaphele, ungathandabuzi ukubuza oogqirha bakho. Ukwaziswa nokufumana inkxaso efanelekileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphila ngempumelelo ne-MS.

` I-Multiple Sclerosis, i-MS, Isifo se-Neurological, i-Myelin, ubuchopho, i-Spine Cord, iimpawu, unyango, isifo se-Autoimmune, i-Multiple Sclerosis