Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ubunzima, ukuxinana, okanye iintlungu esifubeni sakho xa udiniwe kancinci, xa unyuka izinyuko, okanye xa uziva uxhalabile kancinci? Uninzi lwethu luyalibala oku, sicinga ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi isifo sesisu. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlungu esifubeni ekufuneka ziphathwe ngolo hlobo. Mhlawumbi olu luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu olunikwa yintliziyo yakho. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje, ukuba intliziyo ayifumani gazi laneleyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Myocardial Ischemia?
Eli gama livakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa inyani ilula. I-Myocardial Ischemia kuxa izihlunu zentliziyo yakho zingafumani umlinganiselo wegazi eziwudingayo ukuze zisebenze kakuhle. Siyazi ukuba igazi lilo elithwala ioksijini nezinye izondlo emzimbeni wonke. Ngoko ke xa umlinganiselo wegazi oya entliziyweni uncipha, ayifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
Njengokuba injini yamanzi ifuna amanzi ukuze isebenze, intliziyo yethu ikwafuna ukunikezelwa kwegazi rhoqo. Ukuba olu nikezelo lwegazi luyema okwethutyana okanye lunciphe kakhulu, iiseli kwimisipha yentliziyo ziqala ukonakala. Ukuba le meko iba mandundu ngakumbi, inokukhokelela ekubeni yisifo sentliziyo (iMyocardial Infarction okanye iHeart Attack) .
Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko?
Nangona le meko inokwenzeka nakubani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Jonga ukuba unayo na enye yezi zinto ziyingozi.
| Into enobungozi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Igazi elonyukayo | Xa uxinzelelo lusanda, imithambo yegazi inokonakala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibe ncinci kwaye ithintele ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| I-Cholesterol ephezulu | I-cholesterol embi egazini ifakwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi (njengehlwili), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe mxinwa. |
| Isifo seswekile | Isifo seswekile singonakalisa nemithambo yegazi, sinciphise ukuguquguquka kwayo, size sithintele ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) onesifo sentliziyo, nawe usengozini enkulu. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba | Ukutshaya kuyayonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo imithambo yegazi kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi. |
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Uphawu oluphambili noluqhelekileyo lwale meko ziintlungu zesifuba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-angina . Oku kunokuvakala ngathi sisitshiso sentliziyo okanye ukungagayi kakuhle kokutya, kodwa kwahlukile kancinci.
Injani intlungu ye-angina?
- Ukuziva ngathi kukho ubunzima obunzima esifubeni
- Ukuziva uxinezelekile esifubeni
- Ukuqina kwesifuba
- Njengokutsha ngaphakathi esifubeni.
- Ngamanye amaxesha kuvakala ngathi kukungaziva
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-angina.
I-Angina inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
1. I-Stable Angina: Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa uxinezelekile (umz., ukuzilolonga, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza). Intlungu iyaphela xa uphumla okanye usela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho (umz., ipilisi yokubeka phantsi kolwimi lwakho) .
2. I-Angina engazinzile: Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu . Le ntlungu inokuvela nokuba uphumle okanye ulele ebusuku. Ayipheli nasemva kokuba usele amayeza. Oku kungaba luphawu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ngoko ke kufuneka ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza .
Iimpawu ngaphandle kwe-angina
Ukongeza kwiintlungu zesifuba, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:
- Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki okubonakala engalweni yasekhohlo, egxalabeni, entanyeni, emhlathini, emqolo, okanye esiswini .
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo .
- Ndiziva ndibanda kwaye ndibila .
- Ukuziva ugcwele, ukungagayi kakuhle kokutya, okanye ukuba neqhubu emqaleni.
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza .
- Ukuba nesiyezi , ukuba nentloko ebuthathaka, ubuthathaka obukhulu, okanye ukuziva uxhalabile.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungangqalanga.
Abantu abanesifo seswekile, ingakumbi, ngamanye amaxesha banokuba ne-ischemia engathethiyo okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo ngaphandle kwentlungu esifubeni. Ke ngoko, kufuneka balumke kakhulu ngezinye iimpawu.
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu ixesha elingaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-5, yingxamiseko. Fowunela iNkonzo yeeAmbulensi ka-1990 ngoko nangoko.
Kutheni ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni kuncipha? Zithini izizathu?
Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yile nto yiCoronary Artery Disease . Ngamafutshane, oku kukuqokelelana kwe-cholesterol namafutha (esikubiza ngokuba yi-`(Plaque)`) kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni (imithambo yegazi ye-coronary), nto leyo ebangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ibe mxinwa. Kufana nokugqwala okuqokelelana kumbhobho wamanzi ngokuhamba kwexesha uze uwuvale. Xa umthambo uncipha, inani legazi elifunekayo entliziyweni alikwazi ukuhamba.
Ezinye izizathu:
- Ihlwili legazi: Ukuba umaleko onamafutha (i-plaque) oqokelelene kumthambo onciphileyo uyaqhambuka, ihlwili legazi linokwenziwa kuloo ndawo lize livale umthambo ngokupheleleyo.
- I-Coronary Artery Spasm: Ngamanye amaxesha imithambo yegazi entliziyweni iyaxina ngequbuliso, imise ukuhamba kwegazi okwethutyana.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana ne-cocaine.
- Ukuqhaqhwa kwemithambo yegazi yeCoronary: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga apho udonga lomthambo wegazi lukrazuka khona.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, enze uvavanyo lomzimba, kwaye angakucebisa ukuba wenze iimvavanyo ezimbalwa.
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Ivavanya umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram: Iskeni sentliziyo. Ingajonga umsebenzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwentliziyo.
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomzimba: I-ECG ithathwa ngelixa uhamba kwi-treadmill, ijonga utshintsho entliziyweni yakho njengoko usenza umthambo.
- I-Coronary Angiogram: Kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuba ivalekile kangakanani na imithambo yegazi.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukujonga umonakalo kwimisipha yentliziyo kunye nokujonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba e-cholesterol.
Wenza ntoni njengonyango?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhali kunye nesizathu semeko yakho. Injongo ephambili kukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi kwimisipha yentliziyo kunye nokuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwixesha elizayo.
Iintlobo zamayeza:
- I-Nitroglycerin:Iyeza elinceda ngokukhawuleza kwiintlungu ze-angina.
- Ii-Beta-blockers kunye nee-calcium channel blockers: Zilawula ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, zinciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi entliziyweni.
- Ii-Anticoagulants (umz. i-Aspirin, i-Clopidogrel): Zithintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
- Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol.
Iindlela zonyango kunye notyando:
- I-Angioplasty kunye neStent Placement: Umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo uvuthelwa ngesixhobo esifana nebhaluni kwaye kufakwa isixhobo esifana ne-mesh (stent) ukuthintela ukuba ungavaleki kwakhona.
- I-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Umthambo omtsha wegazi wenziwa ngokudlula umthambo ovalekileyo kusetyenziswa iqhekeza lomthambo othathwe kwenye indawo yomzimba.
Singenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko?
Ukwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokunciphisa kakhulu lo mngcipheko.
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye i-cholesterol, zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
- Zilolonge imizuzu engama-30-60 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki. (Nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kulungile.)
- Nciphisa ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, ityuwa, neswekile, kwaye utye imifuno, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngokupheleleyo.
- Nciphisa uxinzelelo.
- Gcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukuyityeshela yonke intlungu yesifuba njengesifo sokugabha. Nika ingqalelo kwiintlungu ezenzekayo ingakumbi xa usenza umthambo.
- Ukuba iintlungu zesifuba zihamba kunye neempawu ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, ukubila, kunye nentlungu ephuma engalweni, oko kusenokuba luphawu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni ixesha elingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5, fowunela ngoko nangoko ku-1990 okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane. Ixesha bubomi.
- Chonga izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko (uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol, isifo seswekile) kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuzilawula.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni ikunika amandla amakhulu okuzikhusela nokulawula esi sifo.
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