Xa ugqirha ekuxelela okanye umntu omaziyo ukuba unomhlaza, into elandelayo efika engqondweni mhlawumbi lutyando lokususa ithumba. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kolu tyando, kukho unyango olukhethekileyo olunokunikwa ukunciphisa ithumba, ukulilawula, nokwenza utyando lube lula kwaye luphumelele ngakumbi? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiNeoadjuvant Therapy kwizonyango. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto, ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iNeoadjuvant Therapy?
Khawucinge ukuba uza kubaleka ugqatso olukhulu lwe-marathon. Bekuya kuba lula kangakanani ukuba ubufudumala kancinci uze wenze umthambo omncinci (ukufudumeza umzimba) ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukubaleka, endaweni yokubaleka nje ngoko nangoko? Kunjalo ke ngale nto.
Unyango lweNeoadjuvant luhlobo lonyango olunikwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando ukuze lisuswe. Ugqirha wakho we-oncologist usenokulibiza ngokuba yi-"periooperative therapy" okanye "induction therapy." Injongo ephambili yolu nyango kukunciphisa ithumba elikhulu ukuze lisuswe ngokulula ngotyando. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngamanye amaxesha olu nyango lunokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ithumba, nto leyo eyenza utyando lungadingeki.
Ziziphi iintlobo zolu nyango?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zonyango ezisetyenziswa njengonyango lwe-neoadjuvant. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nohlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wakho.
| Indlela yonyango | Kwenzeka ntoni kuyo? |
|---|---|
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Oku kwenzelwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphambi kokuba zahlukane kwaye ithumba likhule. |
| Unyango lweHormone | Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (umz. umhlaza webele, umhlaza weprostate) zivuselelwa ziihomoni. Olu nyango lusebenza ngokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwezo homoni nokuthintela ukukhula komhlaza. |
| Unyango lwe-immunotherapy | Oku kuvuselela amajoni omzimba wethu kwaye kuwenze alwe neeseli zomhlaza. |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Oku kusebenzisa imitha, efana nee-X-ray ezinamandla aphezulu, ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. |
Ngamanye amaxesha, iqela lakho lezonyango lingakunika unyango olungaphezulu kolunye. Umzekelo, ukunika unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation kunye kubizwa ngokuba yi-"neoadjuvant chemoradiation."
Eli xesha lonyango lingathatha iiveki ezimbalwa, iinyanga ezimbalwa, okanye unyaka. Kwiimeko ezininzi, utyando lwenziwa kwinyanga emva kokugqitywa kolu nyango.
Lolu nyango lusetyenziselwa ziphi iintlobo zomhlaza?
Le ndlela yonyango okwangoku isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwiintlobo zomhlaza ezingaphezu kweshumi. Ezi zezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo.
Umhlaza webele
Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kumhlaza webele, ingakumbi:
- Ukuba ithumba likhulu kancinci.
- Kwiintlobo ezisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ezifana `nomhlaza webele ovuvukalayo`.
- Kwezinye iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza wamabele, ezifana ne-'HER2-positive' kunye ne-'triple-negative'.
Olu nyango lunokuvumela utyando oluncinci (i-lumpectomy) ukususa ithumba kuphela, endaweni yotyando olukhulu (i-mastectomy) olususa lonke ibele.
Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu
Ukuba umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu usasazeke (usususwe ngokupheleleyo) kwezinye iindawo, ezifana nesibindi, i-chemotherapy inokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando.
Umhlaza wemiphunga
I-chemotherapy okanye i-chemoradiation isetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweseli encinci ophucukileyo.
Umhlaza weprostate
Ezinye iintlobo zalo mhlaza kumadoda ziqhutywa yi-hormone ye-testosterone. Ngoko ke unyango lwee-hormone lunciphisa ukusebenza kwaloo hormone kwaye lulawula i-tumor.
Umhlaza weRectal
Kuqhelekile ukunika unyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy kunye nomhlaza we-rectal osasazekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-chemotherapy inikwa kuqala, ilandelwe yi-chemoradiation, ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-"total neoadjuvant therapy".
Zithini iingenelo zeNeoadjuvant Therapy?
Kukho iingenelo ezininzi ezifunyanwa sisigulana kule ndlela yonyango.
Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzelwa ukutyhafisa utshaba (umhlaza) kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphambi kwedabi elikhulu elibizwa ngokuba lutyando.
| Inzuzo | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Iithumba ezinomhlaza ziyancipha | Iithumba ezinkulu zinokuncitshiswa ngobukhulu kwaye zisuswe lula ngugqirha otyandayo, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala emzimbeni ngexesha lotyando. |
| Ukwenza utyando lube lula | Ngenxa yokuba ithumba lincinci, ukunqunyulwa ngexesha lotyando kuncinci. Ngenxa yoko, ixesha lokuphiliswa lifutshane kwaye iintlungu zincinci. |
| Ukulinganisa impumelelo yonyango | Oogqirha banokubona indlela umhlaza osabela ngayo kunyango ngaphambi kotyando, nto leyo enokubanceda benze izigqibo ezilungileyo malunga nonyango emva kotyando. |
| Ukuthintela ukusasazeka komhlaza | Ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli eziphuma kwithumba lomhlaza zihambe emzimbeni wonke ngeendlela ezincinci, ezingabonakaliyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"micrometastases." Ezi ndlela zonyango zinokutshabalalisa nezo seli zifihliweyo emzimbeni. |
| Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphinda umhlaza | Uphando lufumanise ukuba olu nyango lunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphinda kubekho ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. |
Masiqaphele nemiphumo emibi.
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lomhlaza, olu nyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olufumanayo. Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukudinwa
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Urhudo
- Ukulahlekelwa yincasa emlonyeni
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ugqirha wakho uza kukufundisa ngemiphumo emibi enokubakho kunye namayeza onokuwasebenzisa ukulawula ezi mpawu ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda ukulawula ezi mpawu ngokubanzi ngonyango lokudambisa iintlungu.
Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?
Ngelixa ufumana olu nyango, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iingxaki, ungalibazisi ukuzixela.
Ukuba kukho nanye kwezi zilandelayo, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:
- Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zimbi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe: Umzekelo, ukuba awukwazi ukulawula isicaphucaphu nokuba sele usele amayeza, kwaye uzive ungakhululekanga imini yonke.
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho olutsha emzimbeni wakho: Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha ezibonisa ukuba umhlaza uya usiba mandundu.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweNeoadjuvant kunye neAdjuvant Therapy?
La magama mabini anokuba yinto edidayo kancinci, kodwa umahluko ulula kakhulu.
- Unyango lweNeoadjuvant: Unyango olunikwa ngaphambi kotyando (njengokufudumeza umzimba ngaphambi kogqatso lwemarathon).
- Unyango oluNcedisayo: Unyango olunikezelwa emva kotyando. Oku kwenzelwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zishiyeke emzimbeni emva kotyando nokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi. (Njengokuphola emva kogqatso lwe-marathon).
Unyango lweNeoadjuvant alulonyango lwabo bonke abaguli abanomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, lunokuba lolona khetho lulungileyo kuwe. Ngoko ke, thetha ngokukhululekileyo ngale nto nogqirha wakho. Buza yonke imibuzo yakho kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okuhle ngohambo lwakho lonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lweNeoadjuvant lunyango olunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze lunciphe okanye lutshabalalise ithumba lomhlaza.
- Oku kwenza utyando lube lula, lukhuseleke, kwaye luphumelele ngakumbi. Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando lusenokungabi yimfuneko.
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezifana ne-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye nonyango lwe-hormone ziyasetyenziswa phantsi koku.
- Olu nyango lukwavumela oogqirha ukuba bachonge unyango olusebenzayo lomhlaza othile.
- Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda ulawule iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngexesha lonyango, ngoko ungoyiki ukuthetha nabo ngazo naziphi na izinto ezikuxhalabisayo.
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