Khawuthelekelele ivumba lesidlo esimnandi esivela ekhitshini, ivumba leentyatyambo eziqhakazayo ebaleni, okanye ivumba lemvula entsha ena emhlabeni... La mavumba ongeza malini ebomini bethu? Amanye amavumba abuyisa iinkumbulo zakudala, amanye asilumkisa ngengozi. Ngoko ke, ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba sifumana njani eli khono limangalisayo, amandla okuvumba? Iqhawe eliphambili emva kwako konke oku yi-olfactory nerve yethu, okanye "Olfactory Nerve". Namhlanje, masithethe ngale mithambo-luvo incinci kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-olfactory nerve?
I-olfactory nerve yeyokuqala kwii-12 ezikhethekileyo ze-nerve eziqala engqondweni yakho. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-cranial nerve. Ngoko ke le yi-cranial nerve yokuqala (Cranial Nerve I). Ungamangaliswa kukuva ukuba le yeyona mvaba imfutshane ye-sensory emzimbeni wakho. Iqala engqondweni yakho ize iphele phezulu kwempumlo yakho, ngaphakathi.
Umsebenzi oyintloko nokuphela kwalo mthambo kukunika amandla okuvumba. Nantoni na enevumba, umzekelo intyatyambo, ukutya, ibhotile yevumba elimnandi, ikhupha amasuntswana amancinci, angabonakaliyo emoyeni. Xa siphefumla, la masuntswana angena empumlweni. Kukho iiseli ezikhethekileyo ukufumanisa la masuntswana evumba. Sizibiza ngokuba zii-olfactory receptors. Ezi seli zithumela ulwazi lwevumba ezilufumeneyo ngqo engqondweni nge-olfactory nerve. Kulapho ingqondo isixelela khona, "Ah... eli vumba livela kwi-bagel" okanye "Eli livumba njengeentyatyambo ze-jasmine."
Yenzeka njani inkqubo yokuvumba?
Inkqubo yethu yokuhombisa ivumba isebenza ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Ngeempumlo: Xa siphefumla ngokuqhelekileyo, amasuntswana anevumba elibi avela kwindawo esingqongileyo angena ngeempumlo. La masuntswana afunyanwa zii-receptors zevumba ezikwindawo ephezulu yempumlo. Njengesitshixo, kukho ii-receptors ezihambelana nesuntswana ngalinye levumba. Yindlela ezi-receptors ezisebenzisana ngayo ezisivumela ukuba sibone amawaka eevumba ezahlukeneyo.
2. Ngasemva komqala: Xa uhlafuna ukutya okanye usela isiselo, amasuntswana anevumba ayaphuma ekutyeni. La masuntswana ahamba emqaleni aze afikelele kwi-olfactory receptors ngasemva kwempumlo. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha sinokungcamla nokuvumba ukutya ngaxeshanye. Xa unomkhuhlane kwaye impumlo yakho ixinene, ukutya kunevumba elibi kuba le ndlela yokunuka ivaliwe.
Ngamafutshane, inxalenye enkulu yemvakalelo yethu yokungcamla ixhomekeke kwimvakalelo yethu yokuvumba. Ezi zimbini zihlobene kakhulu.
Le membrane ikhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwempumlo
Phezulu kwimpumlo yethu kukho inwebu ye-mucous ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Olfactory Mucosa". Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimvakalelo yokuvumba. Ineentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli:
- Iiseli ze-Olfactory receptor: Ezi zezona zisebenza njengee-sensors zokubona ivumba elithile.
- Iiseli ezigcina umzimba usempilweni: Ezi zibonelela ngamandla kunye nenkxaso kwezinye iiseli, njengabancedisi.
- Iiseli zeBasal: Ezi ziiseli 'zosana' ezenza iiseli ezintsha ze-receptor kunye neeseli ezixhasayo. Iiseli zethu zevumba ziyafa emva kwexesha elithile, ngoko ke ezi seli zezona zenza iiseli ezintsha ukuze zithathe indawo yazo.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezenzekayo xa umsebenzi we-olfactory nerve uphazamisekile?
Ukuba le nkqubo yokuhombisa ichaphazeleka, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokubakho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi.
| Igama lengxaki (ngokwezonyango) | Intsingiselo nje |
|---|---|
| I-Anosmia | Ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kukuva ivumba. Imeko apho kungekho kukuva ivumba konke konke. |
| I-Hyposmia | Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yokuvumba. Ivumba libuthathaka kakhulu kwaye likude. |
| I-Parosmia | Imvakalelo ephosakeleyo yokuvumba. Umzekelo, ikofu oyithandayo inokunuka njengerabha etshisiweyo. Okanye ivumba leentyatyambo linokunuka njengento ebolileyo. |
| I-Dysosmia / Phantosmia | Ukunuka into engekhoyo . Uhlala unuka ivumba elibi, njengomsi okanye ikhemikhali, nokuba akukho nto imbi ikufutshane. |
Zithini izizathu zokuncipha okanye ukulahleka kwemvakalelo yokuvumba?
Zininzi izizathu ezinokuchaphazela umthambo wokuhogela. Ezinye zezexeshana, ezinye zezexesha elide.
- Usulelo lweSinus kunye neepolyps zeempumlo: Izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nosulelo lweSinus zinokubangela ukudumba ngaphakathi kwempumlo. Oku kuthintela iimolekyuli zevumba ukuba zingafikeleli kwii-receptors. Iipolyps zeempumlo nazo zinokuvala indlela ngale ndlela.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba: Iikhemikhali ezikhutshwa kukutshaya iicuba nokuhlafuna icuba zonakalisa iiseli ezithambileyo eziva ivumba.
- Ucoceko olubi lwamazinyo: Iintsholongwane emlonyeni kunye neengxaki zamazinyo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuchaphazela ivumba.
- Ukulimala kakhulu entloko: Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula, kungonakalisa umthambo onukayo. Imicu yemithambo-luvo edlula kwithambo elithambileyo phakathi kwengqondo nempumlo inokukrazuka.
- Intsholongwane ye-COVID-19: Inani elikhulu labantu abosulelwe yi-coronavirus `(SARS-CoV-2)` baye balahlekelwa yimvakalelo yokuvumba okwethutyana okanye mhlawumbi ngokusisigxina. Oku kucingelwa ukuba kungenxa yomonakalo kwiiseli zokuhombisa kunye neeseli ezizixhasayo yintsholongwane.
- Amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namanye amayeza anokubangela utshintsho kwindlela yokuvumba njengesiphumo esibi.
- Ezinye izifo: Umthambo wevumba ungachaphazeleka zizifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sika-Alzheimer, isifo sikaParkinson, iithumba zobuchopho, kunye nesifo sokuwa.
- Iityhefu kunye neekhemikhali ezikwindalo: Ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane nako kunokonakalisa iiseli zokuhombisa.
Ngaba zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwezi ngxaki?
Kukho izinto esingenakuzilawula, njengethumba lobuchopho okanye isifo se-Alzheimer, kodwa singawunciphisa umngcipheko ngokwenza izinto esinazo.
- Kuphephe ukwenzakala entloko: Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nezigcina-ntloko xa udlala imidlalo. Kuphephe ukwenza izinto ezinobungozi.
- Fumana ugonyo lwe-COVID-19: Ugonyo lunokunciphisa ukugula okunzulu kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene noko.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, ukuyeka ukutshaya kuluncedo kakhulu kwimvakalelo yakho yokunuka kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Lumka impilo yomlomo wakho: Hlamba amazinyo akho nge-floss yonke imihla.
- Zikhusele kwiikhemikhali: Ukuba usebenza ngezinto ezifana nezibulali-zinambuzane, nxiba imaski.
- Fumana unyango olufanelekileyo kwiimeko zakho zempilo: Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezifana nesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuzilawula kakuhle.
Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?
Ukutshintsha kwendlela oziva ngayo ivumba ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esinzulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi zinto.
Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yakho yokuvumba, okanye ukuba imvakalelo yakho yokuvumba iyatshintsha, musa ukuyityeshela. Isenokuba luphawu oluvela emzimbeni wakho.
Ufanele udibane nini nogqirha wakho:
- Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yakho yokunuka.
- Ukuba ivumba lezinto litshintshile kwaye livakala ligqwethekile.
- Ukuba uhlala uziva ngathi unuka kakubi ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ukungazinaki ezi mpawu kunokubangela imiba yokhuseleko. Khawucinge nje,
- Luhlobo luni lwengozi olunokubakho ukuba bekungekho vumba lokuvuza kwegesi?
- Kuthekani ukuba awuzange unuke umsi womlilo?
- Kuthekani ukuba utye ukutya okuphelelwe lixesha, okonakeleyo ngaphandle kokukunuka?
Ngoko ke, ivumba asiyonto esiyivayo nje kuphela, ikwabaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwethu. Ukuba unengxaki enjalo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso. Uya kukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oku aze akuthumelele unyango olufunekayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-olfactory nerve yi-nerve ekhethekileyo evela kwingqondo esinika amandla okuvumba.
- Imvakalelo yokuvumba ibaluleke kakhulu kwimvakalelo yethu yokungcamla nokhuseleko.
- Imvakalelo yokuvumba ingachaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-COVID-19, isifo seswekile, kunye nokwenzakala entloko.
- Ukuba ufumana utshintsho olukhawulezileyo, ukuncipha, okanye ukugqwetheka kwevumba lakho, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukukhusela intloko yakho, kunye nokulandela imikhwa efanelekileyo yempilo kunokunceda ukukhusela le mithambo-luvo.
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