Ngaba umntwana wakho ebekhalaza ngomlenze okanye ingalo ebuhlungu kutshanje? Usenokucinga ukuba uwile ngelixa edlala, okanye ukuba udiniwe kakhulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho into enzulu ngakumbi emva kwale ntlungu yamathambo engapheliyo. Ngoko ke ungaze uyityeshele. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngesinye sezifo ezinzulu kangaka, i-osteosarcoma, uhlobo lomhlaza wamathambo oludla ngokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-osteosarcoma?
I-Osteosarcoma luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela emathanjeni . Luqala njengeeseli zamathambo eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi seli ziba ziiseli ezinobungozi (ezinomhlaza), zihlangane, kwaye zenze iithumba ngaphakathi okanye phezu komphezulu wethambo. Ezi thumba zenza buthathaka kwaye zitshintshe ithambo eliphilileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha babiza le sarcoma ye-osteogenic. Apha, igama elithi 'sarcoma' ligama eliqhelekileyo lomhlaza okhula kwizicubu zomzimba wethu, ezinje ngamathambo, i-cartilage, kunye nemisipha. Igama elithi 'osteo' lithetha 'ithambo'. Igama elithi 'osteogenic' lithetha ukuba livelisa iiseli zamathambo.
Olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci . Umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza uphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza nokukhula.
Ngawaphi amathambo anokuba nomhlaza?
Umhlaza we-osteosarcoma udla ngokukhula emathanjeni amade omzimba wethu. Oko kukuthi, emathanjeni amade eengalo nemilenze. Uqheleke kakhulu eziphelweni zala mathambo, oko kukuthi, kufutshane namalungu. Cinga ngeendawo ezifana nedolo, isinqe, kunye negxalaba.
Masicacise oku ngakumbi ngetheyibhile engezantsi.
| Iindawo apho umhlaza udla ngokuvela khona | Iindawo apho umhlaza ungafane uvele khona |
|---|---|
| Ithambo lethanga (iFemur) | Umhlathi |
| Ithambo lesifuba (iTibia) | I-pelvis |
| Ithambo lengalo ephezulu (iHumerus) | Ukhakhayi |
| (Ingakumbi kufutshane nedolo negxalaba) | Izicubu ezithambileyo esiswini nasesifubeni |
Kuthetha ukuthini 'udidi' lomhlaza?
Oogqirha bahlula umhlaza we-osteosarcoma ngokwendlela abawubiza ngokuba yi-'grading'. Oku kubhekisa kwindlela umhlaza onokusasazeka ngayo ngokukhawuleza. Oko kukuthi, amandla awo okusasazeka (metastasize) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Kukho amanqanaba amathathu aphambili.
- Inqanaba eliphantsi: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhula kancinci kakhulu . Uninzi lwexesha, luhlala apho luqale khona kwaye alusasazeki lula.
- Uhlobo oluphezulu: Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lunokwanda kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (umzekelo, imiphunga).
- Ibanga eliphakathi: Le yimeko phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-osteosarcoma?
Iimpawu zesi sifo azibonakali ngequbuliso. Zikhula kancinci kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zibonakala ngathi kukwenzakala okanye ukukruneka okuqhelekileyo, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi abazinaki ekuqaleni. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yethambo | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Intlungu iyanda ngokuhamba kwexesha. Intlungu inokuba qatha ngakumbi ebusuku nangexesha lokuzilolonga. |
| Ukudumba okanye iqhubu | Indawo yentlungu iya kuqala ukudumba. Ngamanye amaxesha ingavakala ngathi yiqhuma esandleni sakho. Ukuba uchukumisa indawo, ingavakala ishushu kancinci kunezinye iindawo. |
| Intshukumo edibeneyo encinci | Ukuba umhlaza ukufutshane nelungu, kunokuba nzima ukugoba okanye ukujika elo lungu. Umzekelo, ukuba likufutshane nedolo, kunokuba nzima ukugoba umlenze. |
| Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Umhlaza uyawenza buthathaka amathambo. Ngenxa yoko, ithambo linokwaphuka nokuba liwile okanye libe nengozi encinci engayi kwaphuka ngokuqhelekileyo. Sibiza ezi "zii-pathologic fractures"`. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ungaphawula nezinto ezifana nomkhuhlane ongachazekiyo, utshintsho kumbala wolusu, kwaye, ukuba ngumhlaza emlenzeni, ukuqhwalela. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba umntwana ukhalaza ngentlungu kwindawo enye kangangeeveki, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka abone ugqirha, ngaphandle kokuyigxeka njengento ayenzileyo ngelixa edlala.
Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela?
Iingcali azikakwazi ukucacisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oku. Nangona kunjalo, zichonge izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ekucingelwa ukuba zinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwalo mhlaza.
Ukukhula kwamathambo ngokukhawuleza
Ngexesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza, xa umntwana ekhula ngequbuliso aze akhule kakhulu, amathambo akhe nawo akhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, iiseli zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Kukholelwa ukuba kukho into ehamba gwenxa ngeli xesha lokwahlukana kweeseli ngokukhawuleza, okwandisa amathuba okwakheka kweeseli zomhlaza. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba esi sifo sixhaphake kangaka kubantu abancinci.
Ukuvezwa kwimitha
Ukuba sele ufumene unyango lwe-radiation ngaphambili lomnye umhlaza, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuba ne-osteosarcoma emathanjeni kwiindawo ezifumene i-radiation.
Izinto ezibangela ufuzo
Oku kunzima kancinci. Kalula nje, kukho ii-genes ezikhethekileyo emzimbeni wethu ezithintela ukwakheka komhlaza. Njengabalindi bomzimba wethu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-'tumor suppressor genes'. I-'p53' yenye ye-gene ezinjalo. Ukuba kukho utshintsho kwezi genes, oko kukuthi, 'uguquko', umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza uyanda. Kwakhona, i-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-'retinoblastoma (Rb)', enxulumene nomhlaza wamehlo ebantwaneni abancinci, ifunyenwe inxulumene noku.
Ukongeza, abantu abanezi meko zilandelayo zemfuza ezingaqhelekanga nabo basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-osteosarcoma:
- Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
- Isifo sePaget sethambo (i-osteitis deformans)
- I-retinoblastoma yelifa
- Isifo seBloom
- I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia
- Isifo sikaRothmund-Thomson
- isifo sikaWerner
Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo ngamathambo
Ukuba igazi eliya kwinxalenye yethambo liyanqanyulwa ngesizathu esithile, iiseli ezikuloo nxalenye ziyafa. Oku kukwacingelwa ukuba yingakho iiseli zomhlaza ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvela.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Xa ubona ugqirha oneempawu ozikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla, uza kulandela amanyathelo ambalwa ukuze afumanise uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwesifo.
1. Ukubuza ngeempawu: Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza wena nomntwana wakho ngeempawu (xa iintlungu ziqale nini, ukuba zivakala njani, ngaba kukho ukudumba, njl.njl.) kunye nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza.
2. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Emva koko, kwenziwa uvavanyo olucokisekileyo ukujonga ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva okanye ukudumba.
3. Ukuthunyelwa kwiimvavanyo: Emva koko, uza kuthunyelwa kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray: Oku kunokunika umbono wokuqala wokuba kukho utshintsho olunomhlaza kwithambo.
- I-MRI okanye i-CT scan: Ezi zinokunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wobukhulu beqhuma elinomhlaza kunye nokuba lisasazeke kangakanani kwizicwili ezingqongileyo.
- I-biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nge-100% . Apha, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kwindawo apho umhlaza ukhoyo kwaye lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba yi-osteosarcoma okanye olunye uhlobo lomhlaza, kwaye ingakanani inqanaba lomhlaza.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni imeko yempilo ngokubanzi kunye nezinye iimpawu zomhlaza.
Xa esi sifo siqinisekisiwe ukuba sisifo se-osteosarcoma, inyathelo elilandelayo kukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'staging' . Oku kunokubandakanya 'i-bone scan' okanye 'i-PET scan', ehlola amathambo omzimba wonke.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Unyango lwe-osteosarcoma ludla ngokwenziwa liqela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi, kuquka oogqirha be-oncologist, oogqirha botyando, kunye neengcali zonyango lomzimba, bayadibana. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango.
Isicwangciso sonyango esiqhelekileyo sesi: I-Chemotherapy → Utyando → I-Chemotherapy
1. I-Chemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza anamandla abulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza ahamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi, anokubulala iiseli kwi-tumor ephambili kunye neeseli zomhlaza ezincinci ezisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba (esingenakuzibona kwiiskeni). I-Chemotherapy enikezelwa ngaphambi kotyando ingayinciphisa i-tumor kwaye yenze utyando lube lula. I-Chemotherapy enikezelwa emva kotyando inokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo kwaye ithintele ukuba isifo singabuyi.
2. Utyando: Eyona njongo iphambili apha kukususa ngokupheleleyo iqhuma elinomhlaza. Ugqirha ususa iqhuma kunye nezicwili eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Oku kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho seli yomhlaza ishiyekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyando.
| Uhlobo lotyando | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Utyando lokusindisa amalungu omzimba | Le yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Ingalo okanye umlenze wonke awususwa. Yinxalenye yethambo enomhlaza kuphela esuswayo ize ithathelwe indawo yintsimbi okanye ithambo elifakwe komnye umntu. |
| Ukunqunyulwa kwelungu lomzimba | Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kakhulu, okanye ukuba imithambo yegazi ebalulekileyo okanye imithambo-luvo yonakele, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukususa ingalo okanye umlenze. Emva koko ingalo okanye umlenze wokufakelwa ungasetyenziswa. |
| I-Rotationplasty | Olu lutyando olungaqhelekanga nolukhethekileyo. Kwimeko yomhlaza wedolo, inxalenye yedolo apho umhlaza ukhoyo iyasuswa, umlenze ujikelezwe ngama-degrees ali-180, uze unamathele ethangeni. Emva koko umlenze usebenza njengedolo. Ungafakelwa umlenze wokwenziwa kwaye unokuhamba kakuhle. |
Kwezinye iimeko, unyango lwemitha lunokunikwa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo apho utyando lungenakwenzeka khona.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva konyango?
Ewe, olu nyango, ingakumbi i-chemotherapy, lunamandla kwaye lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elifutshane nezexesha elide. Izinto ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, ukulahleka kweenwele, kunye nokudinwa zinokwenzeka ngexesha lonyango. Kwakhona, kwixesha elide,
- Ingozi yokuphuhlisa olunye uhlobo lomhlaza
- Impembelelo kubuchule bokuba nabantwana (`Ukungazali`)
- Imiphumo ekusebenzeni kwamalungu anjengentliziyo, imiphunga, izintso, neendlebe
- Imiphumo ekucingeni nasekukhumbuleni
Izinto ezinje zinokwenzeka. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokulandela ugqirha wakho nasemva konyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ungaze uyityeshele intlungu engapheliyo okanye ukudumba emathanjeni omntwana, ingakumbi amadolo namagxa. Musa ukuyityeshela, ucinga ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- I-Osteosarcoma ngumhlaza wamathambo odla ngokuvela kubantu abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, inokunyangeka ngempumelelo kwaye inyangeke ngokupheleleyo .
- Unyango ludla ngokuba yindibaniselwano ye-chemotherapy kunye notyando. Ngonyango oluphucukileyo lwanamhlanje, kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukunyanga esi sifo ngaphandle kokususa ilungu lomzimba.
- Inkxaso yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu kumntwana nakubazali ngeli xesha linzima. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nesi sifo, unyango lwaso, okanye iziphumo zaso ezingezizo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho.
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