Khawucinge nje, umntu ebeziva engemhle kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, inkumbulo yakhe ifiphele kancinci, amalungu akhe ngamanye amaxesha ayabuhlungu, kwaye ulusu lwakhe luqala ukurhawuzelela. Ngoko ke xa uye kugqirha ngento efana nale, baze benze iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, bafumanisa ukuba ingcambu yako konke oku ngumhlaza ofihliweyo emzimbeni. Ayimangalisi na? Umhlaza ukwindawo enye, kodwa ngenxa yemiphumo yawo, iimpawu ezibonakala zinganxulumananga kwaphela zivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiParaneoplastic Syndrome kunyango.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iParaneoplastic Syndrome?
Oku kungabonakala kunzima ukukuqonda, kodwa masikwenze kube lula. Xa kuvela ithumba elibi emzimbeni wakho, kukho iziphumo ezithe ngqo. Umzekelo, ukuba unomhlaza wemiphunga, usenokuba nokukhwehlela. Ukuba unomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, usenokuba negazi esitulweni sakho. Ezi ziimpawu ezithe ngqo zomhlaza.
Kodwa iParaneoplastic Syndrome yinto eyahlukileyo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umzimba wakho uvelisa ingqokelela yezinye iimpawu ngenxa yomhlaza. Oko kukuthi, asinto eyenziwa ngumhlaza ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umhlaza usemzimbeni, ezinye iinkqubo emzimbeni ziyajika zibe 'yimpendulo' kuwo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezinokwenzeka ngayo oku:
1. Impendulo ye-Autoimmune: Cinga ngenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Iiseli zomhlaza ziintshaba ezingene kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke umkhosi wethu (inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela) uqala ukulwa nolu tshaba (umhlaza). Ngenxa yoko, bavelisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, oko kukuthi , ii-antibodies . Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngeli xesha lokulwa, umkhosi wethu wenza impazamo. Baqala ukuhlasela kungekuphela nje iiseli zotshaba, kodwa neeseli ezilungileyo neziphilileyo emzimbeni wethu, becinga ukuba ziintshaba. Umzekelo, banokuhlasela iiseli kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, iiseli zolusu, okanye iiseli ezisemalungwini. Kulapho kuvela khona iimpawu ezinxulumene nezo zitho.
2. Ukuveliswa kweehomoni ziiseli zomhlaza: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokuvelisa izinto ezininzi kakhulu, ezifana neehomoni, ezingaveliswanga ngumzimba wethu, okanye zingaveliswanga kangako. Ezi homoni zingaqhelekanga ziqokelelana egazini kwaye zihamba emzimbeni wonke, ziphazamise ukusebenza kwamalungu ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ezi homoni zinokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lunyuke kakhulu, okanye amanqanaba e-calcium anyuke egazini.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha, nangaphambi kokuba umhlaza ufunyaniswe, iimpawu ezinxulumene nale Paraneoplastic Syndrome ziqala ukubonakala. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.
Ngawaphi amalungu omzimba achaphazeleka yile meko?
IiParaneoplastic syndromes zinokuchaphazela phantse nayiphi na inkqubo emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, zibonakala kakhulu kwezi nkqubo. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na kwaye zeziphi iimeko ezinokwenzeka ezinxulumene nazo.
| Inkqubo yomzimba ichaphazelekile | Iimeko zempilo ezinokwenzeka (imizekelo) |
|---|---|
| Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ingqondo, umqolo, imithambo-luvo) | Iimeko ezifana nokubola kweCerebellar, i-Encephalitis, i-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, i-Myasthenia gravis, i-Peripheral neuropathy, i-Stiff person syndrome. |
| Inkqubo ye-endocrine (iihomoni) | Iimeko ezifana ne-Cushing syndrome, i-Hypercalcemia (ukwanda kwe-calcium egazini), kunye ne-Carcinoid syndrome. |
| Izicwili ezinxibelelanayo (amathambo, amalungu, izihlunu) | I-Dermatyositis, i-Paraneoplastic polyarthritis (ukudumba kwamalungu), i-Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. |
| Igazi | I-anemia yesifo esingapheliyo, i-Paraneoplastic erythrocytosis, i-Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. |
| Ulusu | I-Acanthosis nigricans (ukuqina nokuqina kolusu kwiindawo ezifana namakhwapha nentamo), i-Dermatomyositis, i-Sweet syndrome, i-Paraneoplastic pemphigus. |
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo nezithile?
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo eziqala ukubonakala kwi-paraneoplastic syndrome. Ezi zinokubonakala nakwesiphi na esinye isifo, ngoko ke ayisiyongcinga ilungileyo ukoyika ngokuzibona nje.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Ukubila kakhulu ebusuku
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngaphandle komzamo
Ukongeza kwezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo, njengoko sixoxe ngaphambili, iimpawu ezithile zivela ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yomzimba echaphazelekayo.
| Inkqubo echaphazelekayo | Iimpawu ezithile ezinokubonwa |
|---|---|
| Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo | Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukulahlekelwa kukulinganisela, isiyezi, ukubona kabini, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-dementia, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokuthetha. |
| Inkqubo ye-endocrine | Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukunyuka kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini, ukudinwa kakhulu. |
| Izicubu ezinxibelelanayo | Intlungu yamalungu, ukudumba kwamalungu, intlungu yemisipha kunye nobuthathaka. |
| Igazi | Ukwehla okanye ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kohlobo lweeseli zegazi (umz. i-anemia, okanye ukwanda kokuthambekela kwegazi ekujikeni). |
| Ulusu | Amaqhuma angengomhlaza eluswini, ukuba bomvu kwesikhumba, ukurhawuzelela okugqithisileyo, kunye notshintsho kumbala wesikhumba. |
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko?
IiParaneoplastic syndromes zinokwenzeka ngokwethiyori kuye nabani na onomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, zinokwenzeka ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Ngokwezibalo, malunga ne-8 kwi-100 yezigulana zomhlaza (8%) zifumana le meko.
Iindidi zomhlaza ezixhaphake kakhulu kule meko zezi:
- Umhlaza wemiphunga (obonakala kakhulu ngolu hlobo)
- Umhlaza webele
- Umhlaza onxulumene negazi (ofana ne-lymphoma, i-leukemia)
- Umhlaza wesibeleko
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu ezinjalo, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukuthatha imbali epheleleyo aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko, baya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze babone ukuba iimpawu zibangelwa ngumhlaza okanye enye imeko yezonyango.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lunokujonga ezinye izizathu zeempawu zakho (umz., usulelo, ukungalingani kwamahomoni). Kwakhona, ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ezikhethekileyo zinokujonga ii-antibodies okanye iimpawu ze-tumor ezinxulumene ne-paraneoplastic syndrome.
- Ukufota: Uvavanyo olufana ne -CT scan , i-MRI scan , okanye i-ultrasound lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba kukho na ithumba lomhlaza emzimbeni.
- Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba iimpawu zakho zinxulumene nenkqubo ye-nervous, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ukuvavanya amandla akho, inkumbulo, ibhalansi kunye nokulungelelaniswa komzimba.
- Ukutsalwa komqolo/ukuPhontshelwa emqolo: Oku kuquka ukuthatha ulwelo oluncinci lwe-cerebrospinal, ulwelo olujikeleze umqolo wakho, uze uluvavanye ukuze ubone ukuba kukho naziphi na ii-antibodies ezingaqhelekanga kolu lwelo ezihlasela iiseli eziphilileyo.
Iphathwa njani?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo nesisiseko ekunyangeni i-paraneoplastic syndrome kukunyanga umhlaza obangele yonke into. Xa umhlaza ulawulwa okanye unyangiwe, iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-paraneoplastic syndrome zihlala ziphela ngokwazo.
Kwangaxeshanye, ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, unyango lunikwa ukulawula iimpawu ezivele. Injongo ephambili yale mithi kukuthomalalisa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ehlasela iiseli eziphilileyo ngempazamo.
- IiCorticosteroids: Amayeza afana nePrednisolone. La asebenza ngokunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokudumba emzimbeni.
- Izinto ezithintela amajoni omzimba:La mayeza anciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye ayithintele ekuhlaseleni iiseli ezisempilweni.
- I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Oku kuquka ukunika into equlethe ii-antibodies ezithathwe kubantu abaphilileyo ngemithambo. Ezi antibodies zinceda ekutshabalaliseni ii-antibodies ezimbi ezonakalisa umzimba.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Le yinkqubo efana nokucocwa kwegazi. Igazi lakho liyathathwa, inxalenye yolwelo (i-plasma) iyahlulwa, ii-antibodies eziyingozi ziyahluzwa, kwaye i-plasma ecociweyo iphinda ifakwe emzimbeni wakho.
- Unyango lomzimba, lomsebenzi kunye nolwentetho: Ukuba inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ichaphazelekile kwaye kukho ubunzima bokuhamba, ukuthetha okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, olu nyango lunokunceda ekwakheni kwakhona ezo zakhono.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nezo zikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku, ingakumbi ukuba zinzima okanye zihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onomhlaza. Uninzi lwezi mpawu lunokubangelwa zezinye iimeko ezingezizo ezinzulu njengomhlaza. Ngoko ke musa ukucinga ukuba zezona zimbi kakhulu kwaye uloyiko luphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye ebangela loo nto. Ngoko ke qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.
Ukuba ukhe wanyangwa umhlaza kwixesha elidlulileyo, masithi kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, kwaye ngoku ufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uphinde uvavanywe. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na.
Xa uphila nomhlaza, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uxinezelekile xa uneempawu ezifana nezi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba unyango olungcono lwale paraneoplastic syndrome lufana nonyango lomhlaza. Ukulandela isicwangciso sakho sonyango lomhlaza ngokusondeleyo kuya kukunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni ezi mpawu. Kukho unyango oluninzi olunokukunika isiqabu. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngazo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Paraneoplastic syndrome ayisiyompembelelo ngqo yomhlaza, kodwa yimpembelelo engathanga ngqo ebangelwa yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela okanye iihomoni ezisabela kumhlaza.
- Kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu ezinxulumene nesi sifo ziqala ukubonakala , nangaphambi kokuba umhlaza ufunyaniswe.
- Eyona ndlela iphambili yokunyanga le meko kukunyanga umhlaza osisiseko.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga (umz. ukwehla kobunzima, ubuthathaka bemisipha, utshintsho lolusu) ezibonakala ngaphandle kwesizathu kwaye zihlala iiveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, bona ugqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Ekubeni ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko ezininzi zempilo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungoyiki kwaye ufune uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwezonyango .
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