Masifunde ngakumbi malunga nokutyhefeka kokutya! Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle koloyiko!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento abantu abaninzi abahlangabezana nayo, kodwa abangayaziyo ngokupheleleyo. Loo nto yityhefu yokutya, okanye njengoko sisitsho ngesiNgesi, ``(Ityhefu yokutya)``. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngequbuliso ufumana ingxaki yesisu, uhlanze, kwaye kuba nzima kakhulu, akunjalo? Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye le tyhefu yokutya? Makhe sibone.

Yintoni kanye kanye into yokutyhefa ukutya?

Ngamafutshane, ukutyhefeka kokutya sisifo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezingena ekutyeni esikutyayo. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokuba ziibhaktheriya, ngamanye amaxesha ziintsholongwane, okanye ezinye izinto ezincinci. Asinakuzibona, sizinuke, okanye sizive (ubuncinane kungekhona phantsi kwe-microscope). Kodwa, nangona zincinci, zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu emizimbeni yethu.

Xa iintsholongwane ezitshabalalisa ukutya zingena emizimbeni yethu, zinokukhupha iityhefu. Ezi tyhefu zezona zibangela igama elithi 'ukonakala kokutya'. Ezi tyhefu zezona zibangela urhudo (ukuhlanza) kunye nokuhlanza .

Oogqirha badla ngokubiza 'ityhefu yokutya' njengesifo esenzeka emva nje kokutya ukutya okungcolileyo. Rhoqo, urhudo okanye ukuhlanza kuqala kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokutya ukutya. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ityhefu yokutya idla ngokuphela ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngaphandle kweengxaki zexesha elide.

Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ukutyhefeka kokutya kusenokufuna ukuba ubone ugqirha okanye uye esibhedlele. Oku kungenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwa ngamanzi. Le yeyona ngxaki iyingozi yokutyhefeka kokutya.

Zithini iimpawu zokutyhefeka kokutya?

Iimpawu zokutyhefeka kokutya zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane ebangele oku. Abanye abantu banokuqala ukuziva begula kwisithuba seyure okanye ezimbini emva kokutya ukutya okungcolileyo okanye amanzi okusela. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zingathatha iiveki ukuba zibonakale. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi mpawu ziyaphela kwisithuba seentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-10.

Ezi ziimpawu zokuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ne-aleji yokutya:

• Isicaphucaphu (ukuziva ngathi uhlanza)
• Intlungu yesisu kunye nokuziva ngathi ujika esiswini
• Ukuhlanza
• Urhudo (intlungu yesisu)
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomzimba obuhlungu

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba umntu abe nesiyezi, umbono ofipheleyo, okanye ukungabi nanto ezandleni ngenxa yetyhefu yokutya. Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukuziva ungenakunceda okuhambisana netyhefu yokutya kunokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla .

Zithini izizathu zokonakala kokutya?

Ityhefu yokutya yenzeka xa utya okanye usela ukutya okungcoliswe ziintsholongwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ityhefu yokutya ivela kwimveliso yezilwanyana – oko kukuthi , inyama, iinkukhu, amaqanda, iimveliso zobisi, kunye nokutya kwaselwandle . Nangona kunjalo, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nokunye ukutya okuluhlaza okungahlanjwanga nako kunokubangela ityhefu yokutya.Ingcolisa kwaye igulise abantu. Namanzi anokubangela ukuba ukutya konakale, ubusazi?

Zininzi iindlela ukutya okunokungcola ngazo. Ezi zinto zinokwenzeka xa kulungiswa, kugcinwa, naxa kusetyenziswa ukutya. Cinga ngale ndlela:

• Amanzi asetyenziselwa ukukhulisa ukutya anokungcoliswa lindle lezilwanyana okanye lomntu.
• Inyama okanye inkukhu inokudibana neentsholongwane ngexesha lokulungiswa okanye lokuthuthwa.
• Iintsholongwane zingangena ekutyeni ukuba kugcinwe kubushushu obungafanelekanga okanye ukuba kugcinwe ixesha elide kakhulu .
• Ukutya kungangcoliswa ukuba abantu abaphekayo okanye abaphatha ukutya abazihlambi kakuhle izandla zabo, okanye ukuba basebenzisa izixhobo ezingcolileyo okanye iibhodi zokusika.

Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo (ezifana nesifo sezintso esingapheliyo) okanye abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banamathuba amaninzi okugula ngenxa yokutyiwa kokutya kunabantu abaphilileyo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeentsholongwane ezibangela ukonakala kokutya?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane ezibangela ukonakala kokutya, makhe sifunde kancinci ngazo:

• I-Salmonella: Le bhaktiriya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ityhefu yokutya kwihlabathi liphela. Le bhaktiriya idla ngokungena ekutyeni ngokudibana nendle yezilwanyana. Iimveliso zobisi, inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle, kunye neziqhamo nemifuno eluhlaza engahlanjwanga kakuhle zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ityhefu ye-salmonella.
• I-E. coli (Escherichia coli): Le ntsholongwane idla ngokungena ekutyeni okanye emanzini ngokudibana nelindle lezilwanyana. Ukutya inyama yenkomo egayiweyo engaphekwanga kakuhle yimbangela enkulu yongcoliseko lwe-E. coli.
• IListeria: Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka kakhulu kwiimveliso zobisi ezingagayiwanga, ukutya kwaselwandle okutshayiweyo, kunye nenyama ecutshungulwayo efana neehot dog kunye nenyama yesidlo sasemini . Intsholongwane yeListeria inokungcolisa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kodwa oku akwenzeki rhoqo.
• I-Campylobacter: Le ntsholongwane idla ngokungcolisa inyama, iinkukhu, kunye nobisi olungagayiwanga . I-Campylobacter ingcolisa namanzi. Njengezinye iintsholongwane, idla ngokungena ekutyeni ngokudibana nendle yezilwanyana ezingcolileyo.
• I-Staphylococcus aureus: Le ntsholongwane (efumaneka kwinyama, kwiisaladi ezilungisiweyo, nasekutyeni okwenziwe ngeemveliso zobisi ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane) isasazeka ngokuchukumisana ngezandla, ukuthimla, okanye ukukhwehlela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abalungisa baze baphathe ukutya banokusasaza esi sifo.
• IShigella: Intsholongwane yeShigella inokungcolisa ukutya kwaselwandle, iziqhamo eziluhlaza, kunye nemifuno . Le ntsholongwane idla ngokusasazeka ngabantu abalungisa okanye abaphatha ukutya okanye abangazihlambi kakuhle izandla zabo emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Ngamanye amaxesha, esi sifo sinokubangela igazi kwindle.
• IHepatitis A: Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ebantwini ngokutya i-shellfish eluhlaza okanye ukutya okuye kwaphathwa ngumntu osulelekileyo . Kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ifumaneka phi, njengoko iimpawu zisenokungabonakali kangangeentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-50 emva kokosuleleka.
• I-Norovirus: Ukosuleleka yi-Norovirus kusasazeka lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezifana neendawo zokugcina abantwana emini kunye nezikolo.

Ezinye zezi ntsholongwane, ezifana neListeria kunye ne-E. coli, zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zentliziyo, izintso kunye nokopha , ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Uninzi lwetyhefu yokutya aludingi nyango, kodwa abanye bayalufuna. Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngetyhefu yokutya kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Umntwana osempilweni akanako ukuswela amanzi emzimbeni ukuba usela ulwelo olwaneleyo lokubuyisela ulwelo alulahlekelayo ngokuhlanza okanye urhudo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu:

• Ukuba uhlanza rhoqo kangangeeyure ezingaphezu kwe-12
• Ukuba unesifo sohudo esinomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-101°F (38.3°C)
• Ukuba unentlungu ebuhlungu esiswini engapheliyo nokuba sele uphumile isisu
• Ukuba unendle enegazi (nokuba lurhudo okanye indle eqhelekileyo) okanye ukuba uhlanza igazi
• Ukuba indle yakho imnyama okanye imfusa emnyama (oku kungaba luphawu lokopha ngaphakathi)
• Kulungile ukuba intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukuba ivakala ngathi isifuba sakho siyabetha,

Kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Unxaniwe kakhulu
• Ukuba uchama kancinci kakhulu okanye awuchamanga konke konke (ukuba awukachami iiyure ezi-6-8, loo nto imbi kakhulu)
• Isiyezi
• Ukuba amehlo akho abonakala etshonile
• Ukuziva unesizungu okanye unentloko ebuhlungu

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho osandul’ ukuya kwelinye ilizwe kwaye umntwana wakho uqalile ukuba nesifo sorhudo okanye ezinye iingxaki zesisu , tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho .

Ukutyhefeka kokutya (ingakumbi ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni) kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka okanye ezinye izifo . Ukuba umntwana wakho unesimo sempilo (njengeengxaki zezintso okanye isifo se-sickle cell), tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka baxelele ugqirha wabo ukuba batyhefeka ukutya, kuba ezinye zeentsholongwane zinokuchaphazela umntwana osesibelekweni.

Ungayichonga njani ngokuchanekileyo into eyakha isisombululo sokutya?

Ugqirha uza kubuza ngezinto ezifana noko umntwana wakho akutyileyo kutshanje kunye nokuba iimpawu ziqale nini . Ugqirha uza kumhlola umntwana aze athathe iisampuli zegazi, zendle, okanye zomchamo azithumele kwilabhoratri ukuze zihlolwe. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha afumane unobangela wesifo.

Uyiphatha njani ityhefu yokutya?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ityhefu yokutya iyaphela yodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwityhefu yokutya ebangelwa ziintsholongwane. Umntwana ophelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu unokufuna unyango esibhedlele ngee-IV fluids .

Loluphi unyango olunokwenziwa ekhaya?

Ityhefu yokutya idla ngokuziphelela kwisithuba seentsuku ezimbalwa. Okwangoku, nazi izinto onokuzenza ukunceda umntwana wakho azive ngcono:

• Zinike ukuphumla okwaneleyo. Ukungazibhokoxi kakhulu umzimba wakho kuya kukunceda uphile ngokukhawuleza.
• Nika ulwelo ukuze uthintele ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Izisombululo ze-electrolyte ezifana neJeevani zilungile, kodwa unganika nantoni na ngaphandle kobisi okanye iziselo ezine-caffeine (ezifana neti okanye ikofu), ezifana namanzi aqhelekileyo, ipapa, okanye isuphu.
• Banike amanzi amancinci rhoqo. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula ukugcina ulwelo kwaye kunciphise ukuhlanza.
• Kuphephe ukunika umntu ukutya okuqinileyo nobisi de urhudo luyeke ngokupheleleyo.

Khumbula oku: Musa ukuthatha amayeza okulwa norhudo athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. La mayeza anokulibazisa ukupheliswa kwezifo ezifumaneka ekutyeni, nto leyo enokwenza iimpawu zihlale ixesha elide.

Emva kokuba urhudo nokuhlanza kuyekile, nika umntwana wakho ukutya okuncinci, okuthambileyo, okunamafutha amancinci (umz., irayisi, imifuno ephekiweyo, isuphu) kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa . Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukungonwabi ngakumbi kwesisu.

Ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu okanye ubona iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, fowunela ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze siphephe ukutyhefeka kokutya?

Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunonyango.” Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulandela la macebiso ukuze ukhusele usapho lwakho ekutyeni okunobuthi:

• Fundisa wonke umntu kusapho ukuba ahlambe izandla zakhe kakuhle rhoqo . Ingakumbi emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokuphatha ukutya, nasemva kokuphatha ukutya okuluhlaza (inyama, intlanzi). Sebenzisa isepha namanzi ashushu uze uhlikihle ubuncinane imizuzwana eli-15-20.
• Hlamba zonke izitya, iibhodi zokusika, kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezisetyenziselwa ukupheka ukutya kakuhle ngamanzi ashushu anesepha .
• Musa ukunika ubisi olungagayiwanga okanye ukutya okwenziwe ngalo.
• Hlamba yonke imifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo ezingenakususwa (umz. iidiliya, iibhanana) kakuhle phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo.
• Gcina ukutya okuluhlaza (ingakumbi inyama, inkukhu, kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle) kwahlulwe kwezinye ukutya kude kube kulungele ukuphekwa. Musa ukusebenzisa ibhodi enye yokusika inyama eluhlaza kunye nesaladi.
• Sebenzisa ukutya okonakalayo okanye ukutya okunomhla wokuphelelwa ngokukhawuleza.
• Pheka zonke iimveliso zezilwanyana kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kubushushu obukhuselekileyo bangaphakathi. Sebenzisa i-thermometer yenyama ukuba ikhona.
• Kwinyama yenkomo egayiweyo kunye nenyama yehagu, oko kuthetha ubuncinci i-160°F (71°C).
• Kwiziqwenga zenyama ezityebileyo (njengenyama yenkomo, yegusha), ubushushu obukhuselekileyo buyi-145°F (63°C).
• Inkukhu kunye ne-turkey (egayiweyo nepheleleyo), ubuncinane ukuya kuma-165°F (74°C).
• Pheka amaqanda enkukhu ude aqine .
• Intlanzi ikhuselekile ukuyitya xa ifikelela kumaqondo obushushu angama-145°F (63°C).
• Faka okuseleyo efrijini zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-2 (iyure e-1 xa kushushu). Ukuba kunokwenzeka, gcina kwizikhongozeli ezingangeni moya.
• Xa unyibilikisa ukutya, kunyibilikise efrijini, kwi-microwave, okanye phantsi kwamanzi abandayo abalekayo. Ungaze unyibilikise ukutya kubushushu begumbi.
• Ukuba ukutya kuphelelwe lixesha, kunombala, incasa, okanye ivumba elingaqhelekanga, kulahle. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, musa ukukutya!
• Ukuba ukhulelwe, kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle, ukutya kwaselwandle, ukutya kwaselwandle okutshayiweyo, amaqanda aluhlaza kunye nokutya okunokuba namaqanda aluhlaza (njengemayonnaise eyenziwe ekhaya), itshizi ethambileyo, ubisi olungenazintsholongwane kunye neziselo zeziqhamo, iipatés, iisaladi ezithengwa evenkileni, inyama yesidlo sasemini, kunye neehot dogs .
• Musa ukusela amanzi avela kwimijelo yamanzi okanye kwimithombo engcolileyo.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sokunganyamezelani nokutya, fowunela isebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni. Banokufumana unobangela baze bayeke ukusasazeka kwesifo esinokuchaphazela abanye.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali?

Ukutyhefeka kokutya kuyenzeka nakubani na, kodwa ngononophelo oluncinci, singakuphepha. Ukulungisa ukutya ngokucocekileyo, ukupheka ngokufanelekileyo, nokuhlamba izandla zethu kakuhle zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Ukuba umntwana uneentlungu zesisu, ukuhlanza, okanye urhudo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumgcina enamanzi amaninzi. Oko kuthetha ukumnika ulwelo oluninzi. Ukuba isifo sibonakala sinzima, ukuba unomkhuhlane, okanye ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Akukho nto ifanele ixhalabe ngayo, uninzi lwexesha kuya kuba ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa, ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela! Hlala usempilweni, wonke umntu!

Ityhefu yokutya, ityhefu yokutya, urhudo, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, iibhaktheriya, ukhuseleko lokutya