Ngaba wakha waya kugqirha unomkhuhlane, ukhwehlela, nomphimbo obuhlungu waza wanikwa iyeza elifana nelithi "Amoxicillin"? Okanye wakha wanikwa iyeza elifana nelithi "Penicillin" lenxeba? Uninzi lwethu luye lweva ngeli yeza, kodwa asazi ukuba liyintoni kanye kanye, lenza ntoni emzimbeni, okanye lisebenza njani, akunjalo? Eli liyeza elimangalisayo ngokwenene eliye laguqula amayeza laza lanceda ekusindiseni izigidi zabantu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masifunde yonke into malunga ne-penicillin ngendlela elula kakhulu, yencoko.
Yintoni iPenicillin ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, i-penicillin ludidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-antibiotics . I-antibiotic liyeza elibulala okanye elithintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya eziyingozi ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Cinga ngeebhaktheriya ezimbi ezingena emizimbeni yethu njengeentshaba ezihlasela ilizwe. I-penicillin ifana nejoni eliqeqeshwe ngokukodwa elitshabalalisa ezo ntshaba.
Le penicillin ikwintsapho enkulu yee-antibiotics ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"beta-lactams." Oogqirha basebenzisa eli yeza njengepilisi, ulwelo, okanye njenge-"intravenous" (IV).
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-penicillin isebenza kuphela kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ayinampembelelo kwimikhuhlane eqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane, obangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ngoko ke, ungaze uzisebenzise ezi zinto ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Ziziphi izifo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha kwi-penicillin?
I-Penicillin sisibulali-ntsholongwane esibanzi esinokusetyenziswa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-penicillin ngokusekwe kuhlobo losulelo onalo. Nazi ezinye zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokusetyenziswa.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umqalaizitrephi zomqala | Umphimbo obuhlungu obangelwa ziibhaktheriya. |
| Usulelo lwendlebe (i-Otitis media) | Usulelo lweendlebe luxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. |
| Usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs) | Usulelo lwebhaktheriya kwindlela yomchamo. |
| Ukukrala kwemiphunga | Iintsholongwane ezichaphazela imiphunga. |
| Usulelo lwesikhumba (usulelo lweStaph) | Iimeko ezinje ngokosuleleka kwamanxeba kunye nokwakheka kwamathumba. |
| I-Meningitis | Ukudumba kwee-membrane ezigubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo. |
| Usulelo lwamazinyo | Usulelo lweentsholongwane ezingcanjini zamazinyo okanye iintsini. |
| Ezinye izifo | Ikwasetyenziswa kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-syphilis, i-gonorrhea, kunye nesifo seLyme. |
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zepenicillin?
Ewe, kukho amalungu ahlukeneyo osapho lwe-penicillin. Angahlulwa abe ngamaqela aliqela aphambili ngokusekwe kwindlela enziwe ngayo kunye neentlobo zeebhaktheriya anokuzibulala.
- Iipenicillin zendalo: Ezi ziintlobo ezenzeka ngokwendalo, njengasemthini. Izazinzulu ziyazicoca zize zenze amayeza. Imizekelo yolu hlobo yiPenicillin G kunye nePenicillin V.
- Iipenicillin ezingasebenziyo: Ezi zezona sizibona rhoqo. Izazinzulu zithatha ipenicillin yendalo zize zitshintshe kancinci isakhiwo sayo kwilebhu ukuze iphucuke ngakumbi kwaye ibe namandla ngakumbi. Amayeza afana ne-Amoxicillin, i-Ampicillin, kunye ne-Dicloxacillin akweli candelo.
- Amayeza adibeneyo:Ngamanye amaxesha iintsholongwane zinobuqili kakhulu. Zifumana iindlela zazo zokubaleka kwi-penicillin. Ngelo xesha, ukuze zonyuse amandla e-penicillin nangakumbi, zongeza elinye iyeza elincedisayo. Umzekelo, usenokuba ukhe weva ngeyeza elithi ``(Augmentin)``. Lino-``(Amoxicillin)`` kunye nelinye iyeza elithi ``(clavulanic acid)``` elongeziweyo kulo.
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba intsholongwane nganye inodonga oluqinileyo lweseli lokuzikhusela. Njengokuba sinodonga olujikeleze indlu yethu. Ngaphandle kolu donga, iintsholongwane azinakuphila.
Into eyenziwa yi-penicillin kukuba iya ngqo ekuthinteleni iintsholongwane ekwakheni udonga . Kufana nokungavumeli isamente ukuba ingene xa usakha udonga. Xa udonga lungakhiwanga kakuhle, luba buthathaka, lufumana imingxunya, kwaye emva kwexesha elithile luyaqhekeka luze luwe. Xa udonga lungasekho, iintsholongwane azinakuphila, ziyafa. Yiloo ndlela kanye ezisebenza ngayo.
Ngoko ke kuthetha ukuthini 'ukunganyamezelani namayeza'?
Xa zijongene nohlobo olufanayo lohlaselo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye iintsholongwane ziba ngamaqhinga kakhulu. Zifunda iindlela ezintsha zokubaleka olu hlaselo lwepenicillin. Umzekelo:
- Zivelisa ii-enzymes (ezifana ne-beta-lactamase) ezitshabalalisa i-penicillin.
- Okanye batshintsha uhlobo lodonga lwabo lokuzikhusela, ukuze i-penicillin ingangeni.
Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukunganyamezelani namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Le yeyona ngxaki inkulu yezempilo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. I-MRSA (i-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) luhlobo lwebhaktheriya enganyamezeliyo kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-penicillin.
Ndingayisebenzisa ixesha elingakanani i-penicillin? Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba kufuneka uthathe i-penicillin ixesha elingakanani. Kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nobunzima bosulelo onalo. Ihlala ithatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 ukuya kwiiveki ezininzi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha kukuthatha amayeza kangangeentsuku ezipheleleyo ezichazwe ngugqirha. Nokuba uzive ungcono emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ungayeki ukuwathatha amayeza. Ukuba uyayeka, iibhaktheriya ezinamandla ezisele emzimbeni ziya kuqhelana nalo mayeza kwaye aziyi kusebenza kwixesha elizayo xa uwasebenzisa. Oku kwandisa amathuba okuxhathisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo
Njengazo zonke amayeza, i-penicillin inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ezi azifumaneki kubantu abaninzi, kwaye ukuba ziyenzeka, azisoloko ziyingozi.
- Isicaphucaphu
- Ukuhlanza
- Urhudo (ukuphazamiseka kwesisu)
- Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuvela irhashalala elincinci lolusu.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuva incasa/ivumba
- Intloko ebuhlungu
Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuthatha iyeza emva kokutya kunokunciphisa ukungonwabi kwesisu okufana nokucaphuka.
Izinto ekufuneka uzilumkele xa usebenzisa i-penicillin
Nangona kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba neengozi ezinkulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.
1. I-Penicillin Allergy
Le yeyona ngozi inkulu. Kodwa eneneni, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abane-allergic kwi-penicillin. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba bane-allergic, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba akunjalo. Kodwa kumntu one-allergic, oku kunokuba yingozi.
- Iimpawu: ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, kwaye, kwimeko enzima kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Omawukwenze: Ukuba ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuhlanza, ukudumba kobuso okanye umqala emva nje kokusela iyeza, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
2. C. usulelo oluhlukeneyo
Oku kunzima kancinci. Sinokulinganisela kweebhaktheriya ezilungileyo kunye neebhaktheriya ezimbi emathunjini ethu. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana ne-penicillin ngamanye amaxesha abulala ezinye zeebhaktheriya ezilungileyo kunye neebhaktheriya ezimbi. Oku kuvumela iibhaktheriya ezimbi, ezibizwa ngokuba yiClostridium difficile (C. diff), ukuba zande zingajongwanga. Oku kunokubangela urhudo olukhulu, olumanzi, iintlungu zesisu ezinzima, kunye nomkhuhlane .
| Uthetha nini nogqirha wakho |
|---|
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| Ixesha lokuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko |
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Ngubani ofumene eli yeza limangalisayo?
Le yinto emangalisa kakhulu neyenzekileyo ngengozi. Ngo-1928, isazinzulu esigama linguAlexander Fleming saya ekhefini singazicoci kakuhle izitya zikaPetri kwilebhu yakhe. Xa ebuya, wabona ukuba izitya zazisele zikhule zingumgubo, kungekhona iintsholongwane, kodwa ezifileyo. Waqonda ukuba le ngumgubo yayikhupha uhlobo oluthile lwekhemikhali eyayibulala iintsholongwane.
Kwakunzima kakhulu ukwahlula into ebulala iintsholongwane kuloo mold, ukuyicoca, nokuyenza iyeza. Kodwa ekugqibeleni yaphumelela, yaza yasetyenziswa luluntu ngo-1946. Oko kwafunyanwa kwaba kukuqala kweepenicillin esizisebenzisayo namhlanje.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Penicillin sisibulali-ntsholongwane esinikwa kuphela izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane . Azisebenzi kwiingqele ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
- Ungaze usebenzise amayeza afana ne-penicillin wedwa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha .
- Gqibezela yonke ikhosi yamayeza anikwe ngugqirha. Musa ukuyeka phakathi kuba nje uzive ungcono.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinobungozi zokunganyamezelani ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukudumba kobuso ngelixa usela amayeza, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba usela amayeza ezinye izifo, okanye ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise i-penicillin.
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