Usenokuba ukhe waziva ukungakhululeki kunye nentlungu yesifuba ebangelwa kukungafumani igazi elaneleyo entliziyweni yakho. Usenokuba woyika nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Eyona nto iphambili yoku kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje kukho unyango oluphambili olunokuvula kwakhona le mithambo yegazi ivaliweyo kwaye luvumele igazi ukuba lihambe kakuhle entliziyweni. Namhlanje, sithetha ngolu nyango lunokuvuselela intliziyo.
Yintoni 'iCoronary Revascularization'?
Ngamafutshane, olu luluhlu lonyango olusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi kwimisipha yentliziyo yakho xa ingafumani igazi elilifunayo. Le meko ngokwezonyango ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Ischemia". Olu nyango lunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo emva kokuba kwenzekile, kunye nakubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nayo.
Sithetha kakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini zonyango ngezantsi:
- Ukungenelela kweCoronary Percutaneous (PCI): Olu asilotyando. Yinkqubo apho kufakwa khona ityhubhu encinci kumthambo wegazi ize isetyenziswe ukwandisa indawo evalekileyo ngaphakathi, ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi. Abantu abaninzi bayazi oku 'njengokukrwitsha'.
- I-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Olu lutyando oludala 'i-bypass' entsha, okanye indlela esecaleni, ukuze igazi lijikeleze umthambo ovalekileyo entliziyweni.
Kutheni le nto kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zonyango?
Kanye njengokuba imibhobho yethu yokusela isinki ivaleka yioyile nothuli ngokuhamba kwexesha, into efana newax efana namafutha iqala ukuqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo yethu. Le yimeko apho iplaque iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi ize iyinciphise, ebizwa ngokuba yi-" Atherosclerosis ." Olu luphawu olukhulu lwesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, la ma-depositi anokuba mancinci kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba enye yezi ma-depositi iyaqhekeka, i-blood clot inokwenzaka ize iyivale ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi. Oku kubangela ukuba inxalenye yentliziyo ingabi nagazi, kwaye iiseli ezikuloo nxalenye ziqale ukufa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-heart attack .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo ziyafa, umonakalo uhlala uhleli. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza, lo monakalo unokuncitshiswa okanye uthintelwe kwaphela.
Olu nyango luyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na imeko yentliziyo ewela phantsi kodidi lwe-"Acute Coronary Syndrome". Umzekelo:
- Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
- I-angina ezinzileyo - iintlungu zesifuba ezithomalaliswa kukuphumla kwaye ziba mandundu xa uzilolonga
- I-angina engaqinisekanga - Intlungu yesifuba engalindelekanga eyenzeka nokuba uphumle
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi konyango?
Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane olu hlobo lonyango, oogqirha baya kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze bahlole ngokuchanekileyo imeko yakho baze bakhethe unyango olukufaneleyo. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Ukuvavanya umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram: Iskeni sentliziyo.
- I-Cardiac Catheterization (i-Angiogram): Inkqubo apho kufakwa idayi kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo kwaye kusetyenziswa i-X-ray ukujonga ukuba akukho zithintelo.
- I-X-ray Angiography okanye i-CT Angiography: Uvavanyo lwemithambo yegazi kusetyenziswa i-computer tomography scan.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo, ii-Enzymes zentliziyo, njl.
Ukuba inkqubo ayingxamisekanga, ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ukuba uzile ukutya iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Kwakhona, ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo iqale, kuya kufakwa umgca we-IV engalweni yakho ukuze ukwazi ukunika amayeza kunye nolwelo olufunekayo lula. Ngexesha le-PCI, uya kunikwa amayeza okukwenza ulale kancinci, ngelixa ngexesha lotyando lwe-CABG, uya kunikwa i-anesthetic eqhelekileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango?
Nangona i-PCI kunye ne-CABG zinenjongo efanayo, indlela ezenziwa ngayo yahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Makhe sijonge indlela ezisebenza ngayo.
| Indlela yonyango | Okwenzekayo kulula. |
|---|---|
| I-PCI (ukubekwa kwe-stent) | Ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) esihlahleni sakho okanye emqolo wakho kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu. Emva koko, usebenzisa isikrini se-X-ray, ityhubhu ikhokelwa kwimithambo yegazi evalekileyo entliziyweni yakho. Okulandelayo, ibhaluni encinci ekupheleni kwetyhubhu iyavuthelwa (i-Balloon Angioplasty) ukuze kwandiswe indawo evalekileyo. Rhoqo, isixhobo esifana ne-mesh (i-stent) sifakwa ngokusisigxina ngaphakathi kwindawo evalekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba inganciphi kwakhona. |
| I-CABG (Utyando lwe-Bypass) | Le yinkqubo yotyando. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha otyandayo uqala ngokuthatha iqhekeza legazi eliphilileyo kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho (ngokuqhelekileyo emlenzeni, engalweni, okanye esifubeni). Emva koko, nokuba kungotyando oluvulekileyo okanye ngokusikwa okuncinci (utyando olungena ngaphakathi), ugqirha otyandayo usebenzisa iqhekeza legazi ukudala indlela entsha (yokudlula) ukuze igazi lijikeleze umthambo ovalekileyo entliziyweni yakho. Kufana nokuthatha indlela esecaleni ukuze uphephe izithuthi. |
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango?
Uza kufuna ixesha elithile ukuze uphile emva kwenkqubo. Eli xesha lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkqubo oyenzileyo, impilo yakho iyonke, nokuba yayingxamisekile na. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ukuba uphile emva kwePCI. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo emva kotyando lwe-CABG.
Ugqirha wakho angacebisa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuvuselela intliziyo . Kwezi nkqubo, oogqirha, abahlengikazi, abafundisi bomthambo, kunye neengcali zesondlo basebenzisana ukukufundisa indlela yokuzilolonga ngokufanelekileyo, ukulawula ukutya kwakho, kunye nokusela amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo.
Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukutyelela ugqirha kwakhona ngexesha elibekiweyo (utyelelo olulandelayo) uze wenze uvavanyo. Ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo kuya kukunceda ukhawulezise ukuchacha kwakho.
Zithini iingenelo zale mithi?
- Ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo: Ukuba isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo sifunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, olu nyango lunokukuthintela.
- Ukusindisa ubomi: Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, olu nyango lunokusindisa ubomi.
- Ukugcina ukusebenza kwentliziyo: Unyango lwangethuba lunokuthintela ukufa kweeseli zentliziyo ngenxa ye-ischemia. Oku kunokunciphisa umonakalo ongunaphakade entliziyweni.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kwezi ndlela zonyango?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo kunye nonyango oluqhutywayo.
- Kwi-PCI: Kunokubakho umngcipheko omncinci wokonakala kwemithambo yegazi, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo (i-arrhythmias), ukuqhekeka kwegazi, isifo sohlangothi, okanye ukopha.
- Kwi-CABG: Utyando lunomngcipheko weentlungu, ukopha, kunye nosulelo.
Xoxa nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo malunga noku. Uza kuchaza ngokucacileyo iingozi ezinokuvela ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.
Ufanele ubuye nini ugqirha kwakhona?
Emva konyango, ukuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo ziyaphinda zibuye , bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) .
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana (i-Angina)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea)
- Ukuziva unesizungu okanye ubuthathaka
- Ukuquleka
Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko kunye nexhala xa ufunda ngesifo sentliziyo. Kodwa ngokuqonda unyango oluphambili olufana nolu, ungaloyisa olo loyiko, ufumane unyango olufunekayo, kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni kwakhona.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo kubhekisa kunyango oluvula imithambo yegazi evalelekileyo entliziyweni kwaye lubuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Ukubekwa kwe-Stent (PCI) kunye notyando lwe-bypass (CABG) zezona ndlela zimbini zonyango ziphambili.
- Olu nyango lunokuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwaye lusindise ubomi xa kukho ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe luya kugqitywa ngugqirha wakho emva kokuhlola imeko yakho.
- Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo emva konyango, qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho (amayeza, ukutya, umthambo).
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