Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le ntsholongwane iyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi "Superbug"?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva umntu ethetha ngezi "superbugs" kwiphephandaba, kwiTV, okanye ubuso ngobuso? Xa usiva eli gama, likwenza woyike kancinci, akunjalo? Lithetha ukuthini igama elithi "superbug"? Ngaba oku kuyingozi ngokwenene? ​​Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni "i-superbug"? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, "i-superbug" luhlobo lwentsholongwane enganyangekiyo kumayeza esiwanika ukunyanga isifo, ingakumbi amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye ayinakutshatyalaliswa lula. Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba "ziintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza amaninzi," oko kuthetha ukuba ziyanganyangeki kwiintlobo ezininzi zamayeza.

Khawucinge nje, unosulelo lwebhaktiriya aze ugqirha akunike amayeza. Ngokwesiqhelo, amayeza ayabulala iibhaktiriya. Kodwa, ukuba olu luhlobo lwebhaktiriya "eyi-superbug", "luqhelene" neyeza. Ngoko ke nokuba ulinika lona, ​​aliyi kufa. Kulapho ingxaki iqala khona. Kufana nokuba xa sisiya edabini, utshaba lulungiselelwe kwangaphambili izixhobo esizisebenzisayo.

Ezi "superbugs" zifumaneka kakhulu kwiibhaktheriya . Oko kukuthi, zihlala ziibhaktheriya eziye zaguquka zaba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iifungi zinokuba "superbugs" ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okubola.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni oogqirha besoloko besithi, "Thatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kanye njengoko kumiselwe, ixesha elifanelekileyo," kwaye "Musa ukuwathatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa ungazidingi"? Isizathu esiphambili saloo nto kukuthintela ukukhula kwezi "zinambuzane ezinkulu."

Xa iintsholongwane zichatshazelwa rhoqo zii-antibiotics, zifumana iindlela ezintsha zokuziphepha. Kufana nesela elilinde ukusilalela yonke imihla njengoko sihamba esitalatweni esinye. Ngoko ke, ukuba "i-superbug" enganyangekiyo kwiimithi ezininzi ingangena emizimbeni yethu, inokuba yingozi ebomini, kwaye inganyangeki.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze "superbugs"?

Nangona nayiphi na intsholongwane inokuvelisa ukumelana neentsholongwane, ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane zihlala ziba "zii-superbugs." Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• `I-Staphylococcus aureus` (umzekelo i-MRSA – i-Staphylococcus aureus engamelani ne-methicillin)
• Ii-Enterobacteriale ezimelana neCarbapenem ( ii-CRE ) kunye nezinye ii-Enterobacteriale ezimelana namayeza. Ezi ziquka iintsholongwane ezifana neKlebsiella pneumoniae, i-E. coli, iSalmonella, kunye neShigella.
• `Neisseria gonorrhoeae` (ibhaktheriya ebangela i-gonorrhea)
• `Pseudomonas aeruginosa`
• `I-Acinetobacter baumannii`
• I-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ibhaktheriya ebangela isifo sephepha )
• I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (ibhaktheriya ebangela isifo se-pneumococcal)
• `I-Campylobacter`
• `I-Mycoplasma genitalium`
• I-Bordetella pertussis (ibhaktheriya ebangela ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo)

Phakathi kwezifo zefungus, iCandida auris kunye neAspergillus fumigatus nazo zinokuba "zii-superbugs".

Kodwa khumbula oku: ukuba nje wosulelwe yintsholongwane ekolu luhlu akuthethi ukuba ufumene "i-superbug." Kukho iintlobo zezi ntsholongwane ezingamelaniyo namayeza, kunye neentlobo ezifileyo ezibuthathaka kumayeza.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo "olunamandla kakhulu"?

Iimpawu zosulelo "olunamandla kakhulu" zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni lukuphi emzimbeni wakho usulelo. Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba, okanye isiqwenga solusu esibomvu, esinombala omdaka, esibuhlungu, esidumbileyo, okanye esizele bubomvu okanye ulwelo.
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye yesisu (isisu)
• Ukudinwa kakhulu okanye ukozela (`Ukudinwa`)
• Intlungu yemisipha okanye yamalungu
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo (iTachycardia)
• I-Hypothermia (ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi)

Ezi mpawu azibangelwa kuphela "zii-superbugs" kodwa zikwabangelwa nazizinye izifo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba unazo ezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba aziphucuki ngonyango, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Zivela njani ezi "superbugs"?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba "ii-superbugs" zikwazi ukumelana namayeza. Ngamanye amaxesha, yinto eyenzekayo ngokwendalo. Oko kukuthi, ziyaguquka ziphile kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iibhaktheriya okanye iifungi ziphuhlisa iindlela zokuzikhusela ukuthintela okanye ukutshabalalisa ii-antibiotics okanye amayeza okulwa ne-fungus.

Ingakumbi kwizibhedlele nakwezinye iindawo zonyango, iintsholongwane zinokuba nokumelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziswa ngoogqirha rhoqo. Iintsholongwane ezininzi "ezinamandla" ziyavela kwezi ndawo. Nokuba kusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo, oku kunokuba nzima ukukuthintela.

Iintsholongwane zinokudlulisela ii-gene zazo zokuxhathisa ('ii-gene ezixhathisayo') kwezinye iintsholongwane esele zikhona. Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'kukudluliselwa kwee-gene ezithe tyaba'. Kwakhona, zinokusinda kwii-antibiotics, zizale, kwaye zidlulisele ii-gene zazo (kunye nokukwazi ukumelana) kwabanye.

I-"superbug" isosulela njani?

Ungayifumana "i-superbug" ngale ndlela:

• Ngokudibana ngqo nomntu osulelekileyo okanye ohlala kwikoloni. Abanye abantu ngokwendalo bathwala iintsholongwane okanye iifungi "ezinamandla kakhulu" emizimbeni yabo okanye ngaphakathi, kodwa abaguli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'colonization'. Ukuba uphethe intsholongwane ngale ndlela, ungayidlulisela kwabanye, kwaye nabo banokugula.
• Ngokuchukumisa izinto okanye iindawo ezingcoliswe ziintsholongwane.
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezingcolisiweyo nabanye. Umzekelo, izinto zokulala, impahla, izixhobo zonyango okanye zemidlalo, iitawuli, iireyiza, okanye izixhobo zokutya.
• Izixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezingcolisiweyo emzimbeni wakho (umz., umgca ophakathi wemithambo yegazi okanye ityhubhu yokuphefumla).
• Ukusuka ekutyeni okanye emanzini angcolileyo kunye neemveliso zobisi ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo "olunamandla kakhulu"?

Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yosulelo "oluyingozi kakhulu" ukuba:

• Ukuba unomgca wemithambo ophakathi, ityhubhu yokuphefumla, ityhubhu yokutyisa, okanye enye ityhubhu okanye isixhobo esifakwe emzimbeni wakho, ezi zinto zinokuvumela "i-superbug" ukuba ingene emzimbeni wakho isuka ngaphandle.
• Ukuba ubusoloko uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye uwasebenzisa rhoqo, ukuhlala ixesha elide usebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwandisa amathuba okuba iintsholongwane zibe nokumelana nezifo. Kunokubulala neentsholongwane "ezilungileyo" (ezingeyongozi) emzimbeni wakho. Ezi ntsholongwane "zilungileyo" zezona zithintela ezinye iintsholongwane ukuba zingakhuli ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye zibangele usulelo.
• Ukuba unesifo esingabonakaliyo esibangela ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthathaka, njengosulelo lwe-HIV, umhlaza wegazi, okanye isifo seswekile, okanye ukuba ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba okanye wafakelwa i-stem cell. Ezi meko zenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukulwa nosulelo.
• Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ixesha elide okanye kwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide, "ii-superbugs" ezininzi zifumaneka kwiindawo zonyango.

Zithini iingxaki ze "superbugs"?

Ukuba oogqirha abakwazi ukulawula usulelo ngokukhawuleza, oko kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Imizekelo:

• I-Sepsis kunye ne-septic shock (impendulo enzima kusulelo olubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, umonakalo wezicubu, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba).
• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngamalungu omzimba anesifo (ukunqunyulwa kwamalungu omzimba).

Ezi ziimeko eziyingozi ngokwenene, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kufuneka sikhathazeke kakhulu "ngee-superbugs."

Ungazichonga njani "ii-superbugs"?

Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo kwaye azibi ngcono ngonyango, ugqirha wakho unokucinga ukuba une "superbug." Baza kukhangela iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi kwiisampuli zolwelo lomzimba okanye izicwili, okanye bazame ukuzikhulisa. Ezi sampuli zingabandakanya:

• Igazi
• Umchamo
• Isitulo
• Ulwelo okanye izicubu ezithathwe enxebeni
• I-Phlegm (ukukhutshwa kwe-sputum okuvela emiphungeni xa kukhohlela)

Ukuba unezixhobo zonyango ezifakelwe emzimbeni wakho, okanye ukuba usandul’ ukungena esibhedlele, xelela ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga "ii-superbugs"?

Akukho yeza linye elinokunyanga "ii-superbugs." Yiyo loo nto ziyingozi kangaka. Oogqirha banyanga "ii-superbugs" ngokufumana iyeza elisebenza nxamnye nentsholongwane ethile ebangele usulelo. Ungadinga indibaniselwano yamayeza, njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibiotics, ukulwa nosulelo.

Ukongeza, oogqirha banyanga izifo zolusu ngokunyamekela amanxeba avulekileyo. Oku kungabandakanya ukukhupha amanzi enxebeni kunye nokususa izicwili ezinesifo ngotyando. Basenokususa nezixhobo zonyango ezinesifo, ezifana namalungu okufakelwa.

Ezinye izifo ezinganyangekiyo zefungus, ezifana neCandida auris, zinokunyangwa ngamayeza okubola abizwa ngokuba yi-echinocandins.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana "i-superbug"?

Ukuba ufumana "i-superbug," unokufuna unyango ixesha elide kunokuba bekulindelwe okanye ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zamayeza. Kwabanye abantu, usulelo lunokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba unosulelo olunzima okanye oluhlaselayo, uza kungeniswa esibhedlele kwaye unyangwe ukuze abasebenzi bezempilo bakwazi ukukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo.

Ukuba unesifo solusu, ugqirha wakho uza kunyanga amanxeba akho ngokukhupha ulwelo kuwo ngotyando. Banokukunika nekhrimu yolusu okanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane omlomo.

Ngaba ungasinda kwintsholongwane "eyingozi kakhulu"?

Ewe, abantu bayasinda kwiintsholongwane "eziyingozi kakhulu". Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsholongwane ezinzima okanye kwiintsholongwane ezisasazeka egazini, izinga lokufa liphezulu - kwezinye iimeko lifikelela kuma-50%. Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba unesixhobo sonyango esifakwe emzimbeni wakho okanye ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zosulelo ekufuneka uziqaphele. Ukuba uneempawu ezikrokrisayo, bona ugqirha wakho umxelele ngazo.

Nokuba usesibhedlele, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unxibelelana kakuhle neqela lakho lezonyango. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngentlungu, ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo, ubuthathaka, okanye umkhuhlane, bazise.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu zinzima, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwama-40 degrees Celsius (103 Fahrenheit).
• Intlungu ebuhlungu.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukudideka okanye ukudideka.
• Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi (iimpawu: ubuthathaka, isiyezi, ukuquleka).

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndingawathatha njani amayeza am?
• Ndingalindela nini ukuba ndiphile?
• Ndiyifumene njani le ntsholongwane?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela olu hlobo losulelo kwixesha elizayo?

Ngaba "iiSuperbugs" zinokuthintelwa?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-"superbugs" kukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.

Kukho izikhokelo ekufuneka zilandelwe ngabasebenzi bezempilo ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kwee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela onokuba negalelo kuzo koku:

• Sela onke amayeza njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha. Ukuba ugqirha unika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, wasele ixesha lonke elimiselweyo, nokuba uzive uphilile. Musa ukuyeka phakathi.
• Musa ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphandle kokuba uyawadinga. Uninzi lwemikhuhlane nezinye izifo zokuphefumla zibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awayi kuzinyanga.

Singayinciphisa njani indlela esasazeka ngayo "ii-superbugs"?

Abasebenzi bezempilo balandela imithetho yokhuseleko kunye nococeko ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo olufunyanwa esibhedlele (mhlawumbi "zii-superbugs"). Ezi ziquka:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
• Ukubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu banikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela xa benezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
• Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zonyango.
• Ukuhlukanisa abantu abaneentsholongwane eziyingozi ukuze bangasasazeki kwabanye.

Nangona "ii-superbugs" zixhaphakile kwiindawo zonyango, zinokusasazeka ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-"superbugs" ngokulandela iindlela ezifanayo esizilandelayo ukuzikhusela kwizifo ezixhaphakileyo:

• Gcina amanxeba ecocekile kwaye egqunyiwe.
• Musa ukusebenzisa kwakhona iinaliti (nokuba zezakho) ezisetyenziselwa ukutofa amayeza okanye amayeza angengomayeza.
• Hlamba izinto zokulala, iitawuli, kunye neempahla rhoqo kubushushu obufanelekileyo bamanzi.
• Sebenzisa isibulali-ntsholongwane ukuze usule iindawo ezichukunyiswa rhoqo ezifana nezitshixo zokukhanyisa, iiremote controls, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo.
• Gonyelwa. Kukho imigonyo ethintela iintlobo ezininzi zeebhaktheriya "ezizii-superbugs" ezifana neBordetella pertussis (ukukhwehlela okuphefumlayo) kunye neStreptococcus pneumoniae (isifo se-pneumococcal).
• Ziqhelise ukucoceka. Oku kuquka ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle, ukunxiba impahla ecocekileyo neyomileyo, nokungabelani ngezinto zakho nabanye abantu.
• Landela iindlela zokutya ezikhuselekileyo. Oku kuquka ukugcina ukutya ngokufanelekileyo, ukupheka inyama nentlanzi ukuya kubushushu obubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nokuhlamba okanye ukuxobula iziqhamo nemifuno ngaphambi kokutya.
• Sebenzisa ikhondom okanye idama lamazinyo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.
• Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka ugcine izixhobo zonyango (ezifana nee-catheter) ixesha elingakanani endaweni yazo, kunye nendlela yokuthintela usulelo ngelixa isixhobo sisebenza.

Zixhaphake kangakanani "ii-superbugs"?

EMelika kuphela, phantse abantu abazizigidi ezi-3 bagula ziintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane minyaka le, kwaye abangaphezu kwama-35,000 bayafa ngenxa yazo. Esi sisongelo sikhula naseSri Lanka.

Yeyiphi eyona nto inzima ukuyinyanga?

Iibhaktheriya eziye zakwazi ukumelana namayeza amaninzi zezona zinzima ukuzinyanga. Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-MRSA kunye ne-CRE zihlala zikwazi ukumelana namayeza angaphezu kwesinye. Ke ngoko, ukufumana iyeza elisebenzayo (okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza asebenzisanayo) kunokuba nzima kwaye kuthathe ixesha.

Nangona abantu bengazange bayile amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, "ii-superbugs" zisekho - yindlela eziphila ngayo kwindalo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ingakumbi xa siwasebenzisa ngokungeyomfuneko, ikhawulezisa ukukhula kwawo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

"I-superbug" luhlobo lwentsholongwane enokubangela usulelo olunzima, olunzima ukunyanga, nolunokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo olubangelwa yibhaktiriya okanye yifungus, ingakumbi ukuba ubusandula ukuya esibhedlele okanye kwiziko lezempilo, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokugula kakhulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile:

• Sebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela xa ugqirha ekunika imiyalelo.
• Ukuba uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, thatha idosi emiselweyo ixesha elide. Musa ukuyeka phakathi.
• Musa ukucela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, awayi kukunceda.
• Hlala ucocekile, ingakumbi ukuhlamba izandla.

Ukulandela la manyathelo alula kuya kunceda kakhulu ekusikhuseleni sonke kolu tshaba luthuleyo olubizwa ngokuba yi "superbug." Ukuthatha la manyathelo kubalulekile ukukhusela impilo yakho neyentlalo.

i- superbug, ukuxhathisa ii-antibiotic, ukuxhathisa amayeza amaninzi, usulelo, ii-antibiotics, iibhaktheriya, ifungi